1
Q
__ trillion light years
A
23
2
Q
how many galaxies?
A
200 billion
3
Q
Galaxies =
A
200 billion stars
4
Q
Star =
A
I planet
5
Q
All the space and time, and all matter and energy in it.
A
Universe
6
Q
It is made of __% _________. __% ______, and __% _________.
A
4.6 baryonic matter
24 cold dark matter
71.4 dark energy
7
Q
(galaxies, stars, plants, asteroid, comets, dust, gas)
A
Baryonic Matter
8
Q
(with gravity)
A
Dark Matter
9
Q
(anti-gravity)
A
Dark Energy
10
Q
It is the largest object and contains approximately 98% of the total solar system mass
A
The Sun
11
Q
The Sun’s color is ____, although from the surface of the Earth it may appear ____ because of ____________
A
white
yellow
atmospheric scattering of blue light
12
Q
designated a yellow star, because its visible radiation is most intense in the yellow- green portion of the spectrum
A
The Sun
13
Q
- 2nd smallest planet in the solar system
- The surface is similar to that of Earth’s moon
- Virtually has no atmosphere
- rotates 1½ times during each orbit
- 1 day
- Small magnetic field, which means there are no satellites
A
Mercury
176 Earth days
14
Q
- Brightest object in the sky except for the sun and moon
- 1day
- Atmosphere is made up most of Carbon Dioxide
- No magnetic field, which means it has no satellites (moons)
A
Venus
243 Earth days
15
Q
- 71 Percent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water.
- The Earth’s magnetic field and its interaction with the solar wind also produce the Van Allen radiation belts
- Has one natural satellite called the moon
A
Earth
16
Q
- Referred to as the Red planet
- Weak magnetic fields exist in various regions
- When it is in the nighttime sky, Mars is easily visible with the unaided eye
- Mars has two tiny satellites called _______?
A
Mars
Phobos and Deimos
17
Q
- Jupiter is more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined (the mass is 318 times that of Earth).
- has 95 known satellites the four large Galilean moons plus many more small ones
- has rings like Saturn’s, but much fainter and smaller
A
Jupiter
18
Q
- has 146 named satellites
- is the least dense of the planets; its specific gravity (0.7) is less than that of water.
- In the nighttime sky, easily visible to the unaided eye
A
Saturn
19
Q
Most of the planets spin on an axis nearly perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic but ____axis is almost parallel to the ecliptic
- blue color is the result of _________
- has 11 known rings
- has 28 named moons
A
Uranus
absorption of red light by methane in the upper atmosphere
20
Q
- blue color is largely the ________ but there is some additional as-yet- unidentified chromophore which gives the clouds their rich blue tint.
- winds are the fastest in the solar system, reaching 2000 km/hour.
- rings are very dark but their composition is unknown.
- has 16 known moons;
A
Neptune
result of absorption of red light by methane in the atmosphere
21
Q
- orbits beyond the orbit of Neptune (usually).
- It is smaller than many moons,
- therefore it is now called a ____
- A spacecraft has never visited
- rotates in the opposite direction from most of the other planets.
- Charon (“KAIR en”) is larges satellite:
A
Pluto
Dwarf Planet
22
Q
Naturally occurring inorganic solids
Considered natural because they are derived from natural geologic processes
A
Mineral
23
Q
The substance must be ________. Not man made.
A
naturally occurring
24
Q
The substance must be _______, not living or made from living things.
A
inorganic
25
The substance must exist as _____ under normal conditions
solid
26
Fixed ________________
chemical formula
27
The atoms that makes up a substance must be arranged in an ________
orderly structure
28
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS:
COLOR
STREAK
HARDNESS
CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE
TRANSPARENCY
MAGNETISM
LUSTER
ODOR
29
This is the usual property to easily identify mineral Least reliable means of identifying minerals
Color
30
is the color of mineral in powder form
Streak
31
refers to the measure of the mineral's resistance to scratching to measure the relative of minerals, the ____ scale is used. developed in 1812 by German minerologist named __________ (1773-1839)
Hardness
Mohs
Frederick Mohs
32
Describes how a mineral breaks
Cleavage and Fracture
33
the mineral breaks along flat surfaces
Cleavage
34
the mineral breaks with a rough edge (uneven, curved, irregular)
Fracture
35
indicates the extent of light that can pass through the mineral
degree of may depend on the thickness of the mineral
transparency
36
indicates the ability of a mineral to attract or repel other minerals
Magnetism
37
refers to the reaction of a mineral to light it determines how brilliant or dull the mineral is.
Luster
38
is a distinct smell of a mineral that is usually released from a chemical reaction when subjected to water, heat, air or friction.
Ex. Sulfur smells like a lit match.
Odor
39
Earth's condition, is just right to support life
temperature
40
Absence of this will interfere reactions necessary for life
Water
41
provides significant insulation or shielding from the sun and impact of small to medium size meteorites.
Atmosphere
42
Earth Is at right position from the sun that enables it to harness enough amount of sunlight.
Energy
43
It is an essential factor used to build and maintain organism's body structure.
Nutrients
44
A complex system made up of:
Matter
-Living Things
-Nonliving things
Energy
Processes within Earth's
45
comes from the Greek word geos meaning ground
It pertains to the solid part of the earth
It contains all the soil, rocks, and minerals
Geosphere
46
It is composed of naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals, organic material or natural glass called rocks.
It comprises the geologic landforms such as mountains and hills.
Geosphere
47
Hydro is a Greek word which means water is composed of all the water on Earth in any form
includes ice, water vapor and liquid water.
Earth is the only planet in the solar system that are known to contain water in all three phases
Hydrosphere
48
from the Greek word atmos which means gas and sphaira which means globe or ball
Contains the air we breathe.
It is composed of gases in varying amount and its relative abundance is also crucial in different parts of the earth
Atmosphere
49
Composition
• __% Nitrogen
• __% Oxygen
• _% Trace Gases.
It serves as the Earth's protection form harmful UV rays and keeps the planet warm through greenhouse gasses
78
21
1
Atmosphere
50
came from the Greek word bios meaning life composed of all living things and the areas where they are found.
It includes all animals, microbes, and plants
each organism plays an important role to the food web
Matter and energy flows and cycle between the four subsystems to sustain and make life on Earth possible
Both of it can flow across the boundaries between each subsystem
Biosphere
51
There are four sphere on Earth's surface:
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
52
Geosphere consist of
rock and soil
53
Hydrosphere consist of
water in all forms
54
Atmosphere is a
layer of gases
55
Biosphere consist of
all living things
56
the study of the Earth and its neighbors in space.
Earth Science
57
deals with the composition of Earth materials, Earth structures, and Earth processes.
Geology
58
study of the atmosphere and how processes in the atmosphere determines Earth's weather and climate.
Meteorology
59
study of the universe and the heavenly bodies.
Astronomy
60
study of the Earth's oceans their composition, movement, organisms and processes
Oceanography
61
observed from distant stars and galaxies gives evidence that the universe is expanding (moving away from a central point). This allows for Big Bang Theory, because after a "bang" occurs all of the matter moves away from the point of origin.
Red Shift
62
refers to the shift in wavelengths of light toward the blue end of the spectrum as an object moves toward us in space.
Blue Shift
63
developed in 1927 and considered the most credible scientific explanation on how the universe was created.
through a process of expansion and explosion hydrogen gas was created which led to the formation of stars, and their death(supernova) led to creation of life.
Big Bang Theory
64
astronomers can see the "echo" of the expansion.
Cosmic Microwave Background
65
No beginning no end
A view that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant average density, with matter being continuously created to form new stars and galaxies.
Steady State Theory
66
a variation of the big bang theory, in which the universe goes through successive periods of expansion and contraction
Pulsating Universe Theory
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