What does Chlorine look like under standard conditions?
-pale green gas
What does Bromine look like under standard conditions?
- red-brown liquid
What does Iodine look like under standard conditions?
- violet solid
How does the reactivity pf halogens change down the group?
it decreases
Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease down the group?
-the number of electron shells increase
-this increases the shielding from the nucleus as well as the atomic radius
-which decreases the nuclear attraction of outer electrons making it harder to gain electrons
Howe does the volatility of the halogens change down the group
-halogens only have intermolecular London forces between their molecules
-As we move down the group the number of electrons in the halogen molecule increases
-thus the london forces between the molecules become stronger requiring more energy to break
Why are halogens more soluble in cyclohexane than water?
-Halogen molecules are non-polar
-so they do not dissolve well in polar solvents like water
-but they will dissolve readily in non polar solvents like cyclohexane
What are the results of the halogens’ reactions with Ag+ ions?
Chlorine - white precipitate
Bromine - Cream precipitate
Iodine - Yellow precipitate
What are the solubilities of silver halide precipitates in ammonia?
-Silver chloride: soluble in dilute ammonia
-Silver Bromide: soluble only in concentrated ammonia
-Silver Iodide: insoluble in dilute and concentrated ammonia
How do halogens react with halide ions?
-Less reactive halide ions are displaced
-Chlorine will displace bromide and iodide ions
-bromine will displace only iodide ions
-and iodine will not displace halide ions
