essay extra knowledge

Question 1

how does lack of sensitivity of insulin receptors occur

Answer 1

*can occur due to damage of the insluin recptors due to damage due to high levels of free fatty acids.
*FFAs also lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside mitochondria.
*ROS cause oxidative stress, damaging proteins, lipids, and DNA — including insulin receptor components.
*FFAs stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (like TNF-α), which also disrupt insulin signalling..