Ethical guidelines

Question 1

Define what is meant by Confidentiality.

Answer 1

Refers to the way in which ppt’s data should be handled.
- Any data should be kept separately
- No data should be identifiable (as a single ppts response)
- Ppt’s data must not be named as theres, should be anonymised unless full consent is gained

Question 2

How can researchers maintain the confidentiality of ppts?

Answer 2

• Methods like data encryption, coding systems, secure storage, anonymization
• Numbers can be assigned to ppts if they need to be recontacted (RMD)

Question 3

Are there any exceptions to the confidentiality guidelines?

Answer 3

when the **safety or
interest **of the ppts or others may be at risk.

Question 4

What is informed consent?

Answer 4

Refers to the validity of the consent that is given
- Ppts should be given suffcient information about the study’s procedure, risks and purpose to make an informed choice on whether they want to particpate or not

Question 5

How can researchers can informed consent from children?

Answer 5

• Their parents can be asked for consent
• Consent can be issued in a child friendly manner.

Question 6

Are there any exceptions to the informed consent guidelines?

Answer 6

-When informed consent cannot be gained from the actual ppts
- like on naturalistic observations or field
- *experiments researchers may gain presumptive consent.

Question 7

How could a researcher gain persumptive consent?

Answer 7

• Asking a group of people similar to potential ppts
• Whether they would find the research acceptable if involved
• Allowing researchers to presume the actual ppts would agree to participate if asked.

Question 8

What is meant by privacy in the ethical guidlines?

Answer 8

Refers to the ppts right to comfort
- Ppts shouldn’t be forced to reveal things about themsleves they wouldn’t normally reveal
- Should have the right to **not complete **certain tasks/questions in the study
- Be given individual space
- Observed in sitautions they would expect to be in public display

Question 9

What is meant by the protection from psychological harm guideline?

Answer 9

-Ppts should noy be harmed by the procedure mentally/physically
-Ppts should leave the study in the same psychological state as they entered
- Researchers must not embarrass, offend,freighten or harm ppts
- The risk of harm must be no greater than in ordinary life
- Stop the procedure if any unexpected risks arise

Question 10

What does right to withdraw refer to?

Answer 10

• Ppts who initially agree to participate in a study has the right to withdraw from the study at any point. (w/out penalty)
• Allowed to withdraw their data
• Reminded of this right before and during the procedure
• Incentives cannot be taken away if consent is withdrawn

Question 11

What does lack of deception mean?

Answer 11

• Deliberatley lying, misleading ppts

Question 12

What is the lack of deception guidline?

Answer 12

• Pptts should not be deliberately misinformed about the aim or procedure of the study.
• If unavoidable, the study should be planned to minimise the distress risk,
• And participants should be thoroughly debriefed ASAP

Question 13

What are some types of deceptions?

Answer 13

• Misleadings
• Use of confederates
• Staged manipulations/omissions

Question 14

What is meant by debrefing?

Answer 14

• Informing ppts fully about the study’s purpose and consequences of the study
• providing an opportunity to ask questions.
• If ppts are negatively affected by the procedure, researchers must return them to a previous state.

Question 15

What is the function of debreifing?

Answer 15

-Educational function
- Correct misconceptions