What is ethics?
values and norms upheld
- Respondents’ treatment
Always deceive and debrief subjects.
Follow Ethics Committee
Transparent, Truth
Anonymity & Confidentiality
- Code of Conduct
The research must be transparent throughout the process (fraud/manipulation)
Follow the code of conduct always
- Writing Publications
Always reference, don’t commit plagiarism
Dutch Code of Conduct (5)
- Scrupulous
- Honest
- Independent
- Transparent
- Responsible
Why is academia under pressure?
Due to fraud and manipulation. There is a blurred ethics line
- plagiarism
- manipulation
- wrongful conduct
It leads to Alternative Fraud Movements
(not trusting research)
Countermeasures (5)
- Obligation to Punish
- Ethics Committee
- Safely Stored Data
- Retraction Watch (monitors integrity)
- Open Science
What is the difference between an abstract and a summary?
An abstract is a small version of the research while a summary is an explanation on the procedures throughout the research
Publishing research in journals
It is more important than books since it increases knowledge accumulation.
1. Abide to the rules
2. Double-blind review
3. Correction (major/minor)
4. Publication
When publishing consider trends
Take into account whether data is openly available to allow replication, accumulation and reliability of knowledge.
Types of Recommendations
- Future research: tell what to do or avoid
- For practice/policies: give advice
Recommendations & types researchers
Recommendations always need to be objective and integral.
· Interpretative: subjective & bias
· Empirical: objective on the subject
What is the inconvenient truth?
Researchers tell facts not opinions. It is what it is
Thus, when giving recommendations regarding:
WHO has to do WHAT aiming for WHICH effect under WHICH conditions
Societal vs Scientific Impact
Societal: positively impacting society by building/finding solutions
Scientific: knowledge accumulation
Why would researchers research? (7)
- Sense of duty
- Performance Indicator
- Commissioned Research
- Practice Improvement
- To become famous
- Render new knowledge
- Oppenheimer Dilemma
