Ethics

Question 1

Who are the people in control of psychologists and their ethics?

Answer 1

The British Psychological Society

Question 2

What are the ten ethical guidelines that the BPS outline?

1. B
2. Ic
3. Pc
4. Pgc
5. Rc
6. D
7. RtW
8. C/A
9. PfH
10. D

Answer 2

1. Briefing
2. Informed consent
3. Presumptive consent
4. Prior general consent
5. Retrospective consent
6. Deception
7. Right to withdraw
8. Confidentiality/Anonymity
9. Protection from harm
10. Debriefing

Question 3

What is informed consent?

Answer 3

Involves participants being made aware of the aims of the research, procedures etc. in order to make informed decisions about taking part in the research

Question 4

If someone is under 16, what needs to be gained prior to their participation?

Answer 4

If someone is under 16, parental consent needs to be gained

Question 5

What is protection from harm?

Answer 5

Protection from harm refers ensuring participants enter and leave research in a similar physical and mental way

Question 6

What is an important feature in protection from harm?
(reminder - RtW - any point of study)

Answer 6

An important feature of protection from harm is participants being reminded of the fact that they the right to withdraw from the investigation at any point

Question 7

What is avoidance of deception?

Answer 7

Participants should not be deceived, unless medical or scientific justification

Question 8

What are the three types of consent that can be acquired?

Answer 8

1. Prior general consent
2. Presumptive consent
3. Retrospective consent

Question 9

What is prior general consent?

(consent - partake in diff studies - before - inc. decpetion)

Answer 9

Participants give their permission to take part in a number of different studies, including one that will involve deception

Question 10

What is presumptive consent?

(no consent from ppts - similar group asked if study = acceptable, group is agreed - consent of og ppts = presumed)

Answer 10

Rather than getting consent from the participants themselves, a similar group of people are asked if the study is acceptable. If this group agree, then consent of the original participants is ‘presumed’

Question 11

What is retrospective consent?

(consent after study - not entirely aware of participation/deception of study)

Answer 11

Participant are asked for their consent having already taken part in the study. They may not have been aware of their participation or they may have been subject to deception

Question 12

What is anonymity/confidentiality in studies?

Answer 12

Data that is not disclosed, so names are replaced with numbers

Question 13

What is the difference between confidential data and anonymous data?

Answer 13

Confidential data is traceable to participants and anonymous data is untraceable to participants

Question 14

What is briefing?

Answer 14

Briefing is revealing relevant information before the study is conducted

Question 15

What is debriefing?

Answer 15

Debriefing revealing relevant information after the study takes place

Question 16

What is the right to withdraw?

Answer 16

Allowing participants to withdraw from the study at any time, even after finishing

Question 17

In an exam you may be asked to write an appropriate consent form
What do consent forms include

1. know ppts - address them
2. purpose
3. outline happenings
4. duration of study
5. rights - withdraw
6. sign off letter
7. space to sign

Answer 17

1. If you know who the participants, you should address them at the start of the letter

EG; letter to parents of six year olds - “DEAR PARENTS”

2. The purpose of the study
3. An outline of what will happen during the study
4. Length of time needed to complete the study
5. Inform participants of their right such as their right to withdraw their participation and results
6. Sign off the “letter” with kind regards
7. Leave space to “sign here”