Ethics 2

Question 1

Peace

Answer 1

A situation where there is no war or violence between countries or societies

Question 2

Crime

Answer 2

An activity that breaks the criminal law of the country in which you are

Question 3

War

Answer 3

When two countries attempt to resolve an issue through fighting

Question 4

Punishment

Answer 4

Something done to a wrongdoer or convicted criminal

Question 5

Capital Punishment

Answer 5

Using death as a punishment for a crime, also called a death penalty

Question 6

Execution

Answer 6

The judicial killing of a convict criminal

Question 7

Judicial

Answer 7

Something done by/with the support of the law of the country as part of its process of trial and punishment

Question 8

Retribution

Answer 8

One of the six possible aims of punishment; doing to the criminal what the criminal did to someone else

Question 9

Protection

Answer 9

One of the six possible aims of punishment; taking action to protect society from the criminals anti social behaviour

Question 10

Deterrence

Answer 10

One of the six possible aims of punishment; a punishment designed to put other people off committing the same crime

Question 11

Reform

Answer 11

One of the six possible aims of punishment; a punishment to help the criminal become a more responsible member of society once their punishment is over

Question 12

Reparation

Answer 12

One of the six possible aims of punishment; where the criminal makes amends and pays the society or victim for what they did

Question 13

Vindication

Answer 13

One of the six possible aims of punishment; a punishment which demonstrates the need to respect the law and the justice of punishment

Question 14

Justice

Answer 14

The idea that everyone is treated as equals before the law; the idea that the law will treat everyone as they deserve

Question 15

Pacifism

Answer 15

The idea that pacifism is wrong

Question 16

Absolute Pacifism

Answer 16

The idea that violence is always wrong, even if it is used as self defence or for a cause that most people would deem justifiable

Question 17

Conditional Pacifism

Answer 17

The idea that although violence is wrong in principle, it is sometimes unavoidable, e.g. in self defence

Question 18

Just War Theory

Answer 18

Thomas Aquinas’ theory about the circumstances under which it is justified to go to war

Question 19

What attitudes do Christians have regarding war?

Answer 19

• People should love one another and try and live in peace
• The Old Testament and most Christian thinkers suggest that sometimes war is necessary to overcome evil. Such a war is still wrong in itself, but is not as bad as what could happen if if the enemy were not fought
• Can sometimes be seen as necessary to fight in defence of the weak
• The Bible gives differing view points and Christian’s have to decide which teaching is most relevant

Question 20

What is the Sanctity of Life?

Answer 20

A key Christian teaching; the idea that human beings are all made in the image of God and have been given a soul as a special gift, something no other creation received.

Question 21

In what way could forgiveness affect Christian attitudes towards crime and criminals?

Answer 21

• Central to Christian teachings is a message of love and forgiveness
• Christianity teaches that God loves everyone and forgives people’s sins if they genuinely repent.
• Christianity is unique in having a founder who was executed as a criminal; Jesus rose then rose from the dead to redeem the sins of humanity
• This means that Christians are often seeing as being ‘soft’ on criminals because they preach forgiveness and they don’t believe in retribution

Question 22

Define what is meant by ‘Restorative Justice’

Answer 22

Where the criminal and their victim can meet in order to try and understand one another

Question 23

Give two arguments in support of capital punishment

Answer 23

Any of the following:

• It ensures that criminals will never re-offend
• It is a deterrent to others considering the same crime
• It demonstrates how seriously society takes some crimes
• The victim’s family will feel justice has been achieved
• The Bible says to ‘take life for life’
• Capital Punishment has been around as long as the human race has
• Revenge is a natural impulse when a terrible thing has happened
• It must cost less to kill someone than to keep them in prison

Question 24

Give two arguments against capital punishment

Answer 24

Any of the following:

• There is no evidence that it puts people off committing crimes
• It is cruel and I humane to take someone’s life
• Executions spread the grief to another innocent family
• It turns all of us into murderers as killing is done in our name
• Killing someone is still expensive
• Even if killing someone is cheaper than life in prison, it is a terrible deed to put money above life
• It creates a violent society where killing is acceptable
• You cannot pardon a corpse of the allegations were wrong
• Execution risks creating martyrs
• In a civilised society, revenge should have no part in justice
• We can never be certain enough we have the right person

Question 25

Prejudice

Answer 25

Thinking badly of someone you don't know without any real reason to do so, e.g. because of their colour, gender or age

Question 26

Discrimination

Answer 26

Acting differently with an individual than you would with anyone else because of your prejudices

Question 27

Racism

Answer 27

Prejudice based on race

Question 28

Ageism

Answer 28

Prejudice based on age

Question 29

Sexism

Answer 29

Prejudice based on gender

Question 30

Evangelism

Answer 30

The belief that it is right to actively seek to convert other people to your faith

Question 31

Evangelist

Answer 31

A person who believes in / practises evangelism

Question 32

Ecumenism

Answer 32

The belief that it is right to encourage different faiths to work together without requiring anyone to convert

Question 33

Ecumenist

Answer 33

A person who believes in / practises ecumenism

Question 34

Apartheid

Answer 34

A legal system, practised until campaigned against by significant figures (Tutu, Huddleston, Mandela) in South Africa, keeping different races apart

Question 35

Ministry

Answer 35

The priesthood. Joining the ministry means becoming a priest, vicar or pastor of the church you belong to

Question 36

Ordination

Answer 36

The ceremony of making someone a priest

Question 37

Sacrament

Answer 37

A ceremony at which God is present

Question 38

Forgiveness

Answer 38

Accepting someone has done something wrong and not holding it against them

Question 39

Reconciliation

Answer 39

Making things up after a split or disagreement, bringing people back together

Question 40

Redemption

Answer 40

Being brought back to God by repenting your sins

Question 41

Repentance

Answer 41

Being genuinely sorry or remorseful for the sins you have committed

Question 42

Describe Christian beliefs about equality

Answer 42

- Christians believe that God loves all humanity unconditionally - They believe that people should try to show the same love to each other and be concerned for other people's welfare, whoever they may be - All human beings are 'made in the image of God' - Jesus welcomed people from all backgrounds and groups

Question 43

How did the Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa feel about apartheid?

Answer 43

They supported apartheid and the segregation of white and black people, teaching that God was a 'great divider' who separated races the same way he separated species. They were expelled by the World Alliance of Reformed Churches for this teachings and has since changed its views on race

Question 44

Wha do Christians believe a man's role is?

Answer 44

Men should do the physical work and provide for their families. Men are responsible for their own spiritual well-being. Men are responsible for bringing up their children to be good Christians.

Question 45

What do Christians believe a woman's role is?

Answer 45

Women should stay at home and care for their husbands and children. Women have a duty to bear children. Women have the responsibility for their own spiritual well-being. Women are responsible for bringing up their children to be good Christians.

Question 46

Why does the Roman Catholic Church only allow men to be priests?

Answer 46

- Christ and his apostles were all men - The priest during mass represents Christ himself - St Paul said women should remain silent in Church

Question 47

Why does the Protestant church allow women to now be ordained as priests?

Answer 47

- Christ allowed women to be active among his followers - Those who remained faithful at his trial and execution were all women and a woman was the first to see him after his resurrection - God has no gender - The injunction to women to remain silent I'm church does not apply to modern society where men and women are all equal

Question 48

When did the Anglican Church decide to female priests and what did this decision lead to?

Answer 48

In 1994; this lead to a number of male clergy converting to Catholicism.

Question 49

Define the word equality.

Answer 49

The state of being equal especially in status, rights and opportunities

Question 50

Explain the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Answer 50

Prejudice is when you think badly of someone without having any real reason to whereas discrimination is when you act upon your prejudice

Question 51

Describe the aims of the ecumenical movement.

Answer 51

To bring different denominations together

Question 52

How does the Crucifixion offer the human race redemption?

Answer 52

The death and resurrection of Christ are also believed to redeem all of our sins as long as we accept the sacrifice Jesus made for us.

Question 53

Give two reasons why Christian's might regard all human beings as being equal.

Answer 53

1. Jesus' famous commandment 'Love thy neighbour as thyself' refers to equality amongst all the humans 2. Jesus welcomed people from all backgrounds and group

Question 54

Why do some Christians seek to convert people?

Answer 54

This is because they believe in evangelism.