What’s the difference between morality and ethics?
Morals= an individual’s sense of right and wrong
Ethics= a critical, objective enquiry into moral behaviour using structured frameworks
What 3 components are examined in ethical analysis?
The agent
The act
The consequences
What does virtue ethics focus on?
The character and motivation of the actor
What is the central principle of deontology?
Universal moral duties and rules must be followed regardless of consequences
What is a prima facie duty?
A duty that is binding unless overridden by a stronger duty
How does utilitarianism judge actions?
By their consequences, weighing pleasure against pain
What is negative utilitarianism?
Prioritising reduction of suffering over promotion of pleasure
What is a prima facie duty?
A duty that is binding unless overridden by a stronger duty
How does utilitarianism judge actions?
By their consequences, weighing pleasure against pain
What is negative utilitarianism?
Prioritising reduction of suffering rather than promotion of pleasure
What is preference utilitarianism?
Judging actions by how well they fulfil the preferences of those affected
Why is sentience ethically important?
Because the ability to suffer provides a strong basis for moral standing
Give two indicators used to infer sentience
Behavioural responses to pain, Neurophysiological similarities
What are the 3 R’s of animal ethics?
Replace
Reduce
Refine
