ETHICS Day 1 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

What is the term used to describe actions done with awareness and free will that are morally accountable?

Human Act

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a branch of philosophy that comes from the greek word ethos

ethics

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What does ethos mean?

customs (literal)
moral (latin)

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a branch of philosophy that studies morality of human acts

ethics

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does ethics concerns the acts of man?

NAUR

only human acts

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these are actions that is voluntary in human nature.

human act

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these are actions that man has the power of doing or not doing

human act

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three characteristics of human act

willingness
awareness
freedom

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these are actions that happens without human control

acts of man

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these are actions that happens without awareness of the mind and control of the will

acts of man

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involuntary acts committed by humans.

involves reflexes

acts of man

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an Act of Man?
A. It happens without conscious awareness
B. It involves moral responsibility
C. It is not controlled by the will
D. It can be something like breathing

B. It involves moral responsibility

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the 3 branches of ethics

metaethics
normative
applied

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What branch of ethics studies the very nature of morality itself, asking questions like “What is morality?”

Metaethics

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ang mga anak ni metaethics

moral realism
moral antirealism

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anak ni metaethics that believes in MORAL FACTS

moral realism

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are moral facts hard to establish?

YES

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why are moral facts hard to establish?

because they cannot be directly observed nor can be seen or touched

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the lack of foundation for our moral beliefs that makes them objective

grounding problem

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ang 2 anak ni moral realism

moral absolutism
moral relativism

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What term refers to moral principles that are believed to be universal and applicable to all humans?

moral absolutism

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What does Moral Absolutism assert?

A. There are moral facts that cannot be disputed
B. Moral values depend on individual preferences
C. Morality is relative to culture
D. There are no objective moral truths

A. There are moral facts that cannot be disputed

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T or F

Moral Absolutism suggests that some actions are always wrong, regardless of context.

TRUE

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ang anak ni moral realism that emphasizes that moral beliefs differ across cultures and there are no universal truths

moral relativism

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other term ni moral relativism

cultural relativism

According to Moral Relativism, which of the following is true? A. There are absolute moral facts that apply to all people B. Moral beliefs are the same for all cultures C. Moral positions may vary from culture to culture D. Moral actions are always right or wrong

C. Moral positions may vary from culture to culture

T or F Moral Relativism allows for multiple moral positions to be correct depending on the cultural context.

TRUE

Which of the following best describes Moral Relativism? A. Moral truths are universal and unchanging B. Morality depends on the culture or context C. All actions are inherently right or wrong D. None of the above

B. Morality depends on the culture or context

T or F Moral Relativism applies the same moral standards to all cultures and people.

FALSE

2 kinds of cultural relativism

descriptive normative

you are describing that moral beliefs differ from culture to culture

descriptive cultural relativism

What type of Cultural Relativism focuses on how moral beliefs differ from one culture to another? A. Descriptive Cultural Relativism B. Normative Cultural Relativism C. Moral Absolutism D. Moral Subjectivism

A. Descriptive Cultural Relativism

you are accepting that moral facts differ from culture to culture

Normative Cultural Relativism

Which type of Cultural Relativism suggests that each culture defines its own moral standards? A. Descriptive Cultural Relativism B. Normative Cultural Relativism C. Moral Realism D. Moral Relativism

B. Normative Cultural Relativism

denies the existence of objective moral facts, claiming that morality is based on individual beliefs

moral anti-realism

T or F Moral Antirealism suggests that there are objective moral facts that everyone should follow.

False

Which of the following describes Moral Antirealism? A. There are objective moral truths B. Morality is based on personal opinions C. Moral statements refer to objective facts D. There is a universal standard of morality

B. Morality is based on personal opinions

T or F Moral Antirealism holds that there are no objective moral facts.

True

ang anak ni moral antirealism that states that moral statements are only true or false based on personal attitudes

moral subjectivism

T or F Moral Subjectivism claims that moral facts are objective and apply universally.

FALSE

a branch of ethics that studies the norms on how should one act or rules that guide moral behavior and their practical application

Normative Ethics

Normative ethics is also known as

prescriptive ethics

This refers to standards that judge actions as right or wrong based on their effect on human well-being

moral standards

This refers to standards that are based on customs, etiquette, preferences, or practical rules rather than morality

non-moral standards

what will you feel when you violate moral standards?

guilt

what will you feel when you violate non-moral standards?

shame and embarassment

non-moral standards are called ________ in sociology

folkways

two types of moral standards

teleological deontological

What term refers to the ethical theory where the end result justifies the means of an action?

teleological or consequentialism

the rightness of an action is judged by its results.

teleological or consequentialism

What principle says that an act is morally right if it produces the greatest benefit?

teleological or consequentialism

an ethical theory that views the end goal of an action as the main criterion for moral judgment

teleological or consequentialism

this ethical theory is concerned with the concept of duty, emphasizing adherence to moral laws

Deontological

According to Deontological Ethics, what determines if an action is morally right? A. The consequences of the action B. Whether it adheres to moral rules C. The benefits for the majority D. How it affects the individual

B. Whether it adheres to moral rules

Which of the following is a feature of Deontological Ethics? A. Judging actions based on their outcomes B. Focus on moral duties and rules, regardless of consequences C. The end justifies the means D. Concerned with the greatest good for the greatest number

B. Focus on moral duties and rules, regardless of consequences

T or F Deontological Ethics judges actions based on their outcomes.

FALSE

an action is deontologically right if it adheres to these standards

natural law virture ethics situation ethics

an act is morally right if it preserves life

natural law

an act is morally right if it promotes goodness and avoids evil

natural law

proponent of natural law

st thomas aquinas

an act is morally right if it is in the pursuit of happiness

virtue ethics

the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the situation and context

situation ethics

proponent of virtue ethics

aristotle

What ethical theory suggests that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the situation? A. Situation Ethics B. Teleological Ethics C. Virtue Ethics D. Legalism

A. Situation Ethics

A branch of ethics applies ethical principles to specific real-life issues like abortion and euthanasia

Applied Ethics

T or F In Applied Ethics, ethical principles are only applicable to theoretical debates, not real-world situations.

FALSE

domains of applied ethics

business clinic organizational social

What is the ethical dilemma that arises when choosing between two morally unacceptable options?

Moral Dilemma

also called as ethical dilemma

Moral Dilemma

What makes a situation a moral dilemma?

1. there should be TWO unacceptable options 2. both options must be achievable 3. the agent cannot choose both

no matter what you do/choose, you will do something wrong

moral failure

damn if you do, damn if you dont

moral failure

the person in moral dilemma are in ______

deadlock

a choice between a right and a wrong

false dilemma

you must choose in doing the right thing and another option that tempts or pressures you

false dilemma

This principle states that an action with both a good effect and a bad effect can be morally permitted if the intention is good and the good outweighs the harm.

The Principle of Double Effect

This principle allows choosing the option that causes the least harm when all available choices lead to negative consequences.

The Principle of Lesser Evil

This occurs when a person intentionally agrees with or shares the wrongdoer’s immoral intention, making them morally responsible for the act.

Principle of Formal Cooperation

This occurs when a person contributes to or assists in an action without sharing the wrongdoer’s immoral intention

Principle of Material Cooperation

willing participation to the sinful act

Principle of Formal Cooperation

does not participate in the sinful act but permits or tolerates it

Principle of Material Cooperation

realizing your own potential

being fully human

being caring and unselfish

being a loving person

consistently practicing good habits and attitudes

being a virtuous person

maturity in all levels

being a morally mature person

you have this conscience when you judge what is good as good

right conscience

you have this conscience when you judge bad as good

erroneous conscience

you have this conscience when are saying good things but doing the opposite

pharisaical

you have this conscience when you do things when you're sure that they are morally right

certain

you have this conscience when you suspend judgement or when you are not sure abt the morality of an act, you do not do it

doubtful

you have this conscience when you are constantly afraid of committing evil

scrupulous

you have this conscience when you always find excuses for mistakes

lax

you have this conscience when you are repenting to God for a past action

guilty

you have this conscience when you are cruel and insensitive

callous

ETHICS Day 1 Flashcards

(94 cards)