C. Difficile Infection
C. difficile
Gastroenteriti s/Traveler’s Diarrhea
- E.coli (EAEC, ETEC
- Campylobacter
- salmonella
- shigella
Rotavirus
rotavirus
Hepatic Abscess
E.histolytica (Ameobic Liver Abcess)
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Bacterial Abscess
-E.coli, Klebs, Strep, Enterococcus, Bacteriodes - often polymicrobial
Helicobacter pylori associated infections
Helicobacter pylori
Common Cold
- respiratory viruses
- enterovirus (echovirus, coxsackievirus)
- human metapneumovir us
Pharyngitis
- Group A Streptococcus (streptococcus pyogenses)
- other bacteria
- respiratory viruses
- other viruses
Otitis Media
2/3 patients-combined viral & bacterial
Service/persistent/refractory AOM:
- S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Staphlococcus aureus
- viruses:
- Respiratory viruses, coronoviruses, human metapneumoevirus
Sinusitis
-Respiratory viruses (200x ore common than bacterial!)
Bacterial:
- S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- M. catarrhalis (less common)
- anaerobes & microaerophilic Strep: associated dental disease
Croup
- Parainfluenza virus type 1 (most common cause, cn also be caused by type 2, 3)
- Coronaviruses
- Measles
- Enteroviruses
- respiratory viruses
Pertussis
Bordella pertussis:
- obligate human pathogen
- fastidious Gram negative coccobacilli
- requires specialized medium to grow incubation
influenza
Respiratory viruses
Acute bronchitis
- Mycoplasma penuomoniae
- Chlamydophila peumoniae
- Bordetella pertussis
Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
- viruses
- Haemophilus
- S. pneumoniae
- M.catarrhalis
- Enterobacteriaceae
- P.aeruginosa
Bronchiolitis
- RSV
- other viruses
Community acquired pneumonia (pneumonia in a patient who is/has not recently been in hospital)
- Neonate: E.coli, GBS, S.aureus, Pseudomonas, C. trachomatis
- Infants: RSV, influenza, S.pneumoniae, H.influenzae, S. aureus
- Children: as per infants plus parainfluenza, adenovirus, M. pneumoniae
- Adults: Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Atypical: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila
Healthcare associated/nosocomial pneumonia (pneumonia that develops 48 hours of more after admission)
Usual pathogens: Enterobacteriacae (E.coli, Klebisella, Serraito) & S. aureus Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP): as above + Pseudomonas aeruginos
Empyema
- Anaerobes
- Streptococcus anginosus group
- Enterobacteriaceae (if chronic)
Lung abscess
mouth flora: oral anaerobes, Eikenella corrodes, Streptococci spp
