EU Hygiene

Question 1

What is the primary function of the lungs in game animals?

Answer 1

Facilitate breathing and provide oxygen to the body

Question 2

Where are the lungs located?

Answer 2

In the chest, surrounding the heart

Question 3

What is the healthy appearance of lungs?

Answer 3

Pinkish grey, smooth, spongy, no spots, lesions, lumps, or cysts

Question 4

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 4

Pumps blood throughout the body

Question 5

Where is the heart located?

Answer 5

In the chest, between the lungs

Question 6

What is the healthy color of the heart?

Answer 6

Dark red or purplish

Question 7

What are the main functions of the liver?

Answer 7

Regulates most chemical levels in blood; excretes bile stored in the gallbladder

Question 8

Where is the liver located?

Answer 8

On the right side of the ribcage, underneath the diaphragm, connected to the spleen and gallbladder

Question 9

What is the healthy appearance of the liver?

Answer 9

Deep reddish purple, no spots, lesions, or cysts

Question 10

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 10

Stores and concentrates bile from the liver; assists in fat digestion by releasing bile into the small intestine

Question 11

Do deer (Rehwild) have a gallbladder?

Answer 11

No, deer do not have a gallbladder

Question 12

What is the typical color of a gallbladder?

Answer 12

Greenish-grey

Question 13

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 13

Filter toxins and regulate various bodily fluids

Question 14

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 14

Back of the abdominal cavity

Question 15

What shape are healthy kidneys?

Answer 15

Bean shaped

Question 16

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 16

Filters blood, stores red blood cells, key in fighting some bacterial infections

Question 17

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 17

Upper left side of ribcage, lies on the stomach, connected to the liver

Question 18

What is the healthy appearance of the spleen?

Answer 18

Purplish/grey on the outside, dark red inside

Question 19

What is the stomach in ruminants (deer, etc.)?

Answer 19

Four-chambered; first two chambers act as fermentation chambers with microbial ecosystem (fungi, bacteria, protozoa)

Question 20

Where is the stomach located in ruminants?

Answer 20

In the belly, mostly unprotected by the ribcage, connects to esophagus and small intestine

Question 21

What is the healthy appearance of the stomach?

Answer 21

Grey and smooth, no spots, lesions, or cysts

Question 22

What is the function of the intestines?

Answer 22

Transfer nutrients from food to the body

Question 23

Where are the intestines located?

Answer 23

In the belly, connected to the stomach and anus

Question 24

What is the healthy appearance of the intestines?

Answer 24

Grey and smooth, no spots, lesions, or cysts

Question 25

List common signs of unhealthy game

Answer 25

Strange behavior; no apparent cause of death (not shot/trauma); weight loss; swollen testicles or joints; tumors/abscesses on organs/muscles; abnormal color of organs; bad smell or contents outside organs (urine, feces, stomach contents); organs stuck together

Question 26

What are infectious diseases (can be transmitted)?

Answer 26

Parasites (require host, internal/external, single/multi-host); Bacteria (single-celled organisms); Viruses (infective agents that use host cells to reproduce); Prions (abnormally folded proteins)

Question 27

What are non-infectious diseases (cannot be transmitted)?

Answer 27

Malnutrition; Cancer; Arthritis

Question 28

What does "zoonotic" mean?

Answer 28

Infectious diseases that can be transmitted to humans

Question 29

Why are hunters considered "trained persons" under EU Reg 853/2004?

Answer 29

They must perform an initial examination of wild game on the spot to determine if it is safe for human consumption and have knowledge of pathology and handling of wild game/game meat

Question 30

What must hunter training include?

Answer 30

Normal anatomy, physiology, and behavior of wild game; abnormal behavior/pathological changes; hygiene rules and handling/eviceration techniques; legislation on placing wild game meat on the market

Question 31

What temperature must cloven-hoofed game be chilled to?

Answer 31

At least 7°C (may store outside if ≤7°C, but prevent freezing)

Question 32

What temperature must small game be chilled to?

Answer 32

4°C

Question 33

Which animals require mandatory trichinella testing in Germany?

Answer 33

All pigs (Wildschwein), bears, badgers, and similar species susceptible to Trichinella spiralis

Question 34

What is Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 34

Parasite where adults live in intestine and larvae encyst in muscle; causes trichinosis in humans if undercooked meat is eaten; no external signs in game

Question 35

Is a few roundworms in Wildschwein always a rejection?

Answer 35

An isolated worm or two may be acceptable if kidneys and liver are normal; always check kidneys/liver and follow local SOP (may require vet check even if tests negative)

Question 36

What is considered primary production for hunters under EU law?

Answer 36

Harvesting game and opening/gutting (evisceration); skinning and quartering are NOT primary production

Question 37

Who may hunters sell game meat "in the skin" to (small amounts, local area)?

Answer 37

Licensed game-processing businesses; local retailers (butchers/restaurants); final consumers

Question 38

Who may hunters sell skinned or quartered game to?

Answer 38

Only local retailers (butchers/restaurants) and final consumers; requires registration with Landratsamt

Question 39

When is a trained person required during hunting?

Answer 39

At least one trained person must be present in the hunting team when game is harvested; non-trained hunters must report abnormal behavior to the trained person

Question 40

What is the role of hunters regarding game health?

Answer 40

Conservationists first; responsible for health of individual animals, herds, environment; first line of defense against infectious diseases entering food supply; responsible for health of consumers (family, friends, public)

Question 41

What should be done immediately after shooting large game if determined healthy?

Answer 41

Remove head and organs ASAP; keep head/diaphragm on for trichinosis-susceptible species (Wildschwein, Dachs, etc.); issue certificate stating no abnormalities

Question 42

What should be done if game is determined abnormal/unhealthy?

Answer 42

Notify responsible agency; document abnormalities/behavior/contamination; keep all organs with body; follow local procedures (e.g., radiation testing if applicable)

Question 43

What tools/conditions are recommended for field dressing?

Answer 43

Sharp knife; surgical or dishwashing gloves; fresh drinking water; good lighting; clean facility preferred (Wildkammer)

Question 44

Basic steps for field dressing game

Answer 44

Place animal on back or hang by hind legs; remove genitals (males); cut around anus; incision from pelvic bone to breastbone; open breastbone; inspect all organs; clean carcass with water; keep open to cool

Question 45

What should be trimmed during processing?

Answer 45

Bullet holes and all damaged meat (check entry/exit wounds)

Question 46

What is the purpose of a Wildwanne (game tray)?

Answer 46

Transport harvested game; keeps vehicle clean; keeps carcass off the ground

Question 47

What is required for processing in a Wildkammer?

Answer 47

Clean, sanitary facility with sink/sterilization area and cooling chamber (≤7°C for cloven-hoofed, ≤4°C for small game)

Question 48

How should hands be used when removing hide?

Answer 48

"Clean" hand guides knife; "unclean" hand lifts hide (or use fist to knock hide loose for Reh)