EU_Knowledge_EU Training 440 questions

Question 1

Through which framework does the European Union primarily structure its relations with Armenia?

A. The Stabilisation and Association Process, like in the Western Balkans.
B. The European Neighbourhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership, based on the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA).
C. The EU enlargement process, as an official candidate country.
D. The European Economic Area (EEA) membership framework.

Answer 1

Correct answer: B – The European Neighbourhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership, based on the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA).

Explanation:
The EU cooperates with Armenia in the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy and its eastern regional dimension, the Eastern Partnership. Relations between the European Union and Armenia are based on the EU‑Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), signed in November 2017 and provisionally applied since 1 June 2018.

Question 2

Adopting the European Union’s ‘acquis’ is a key component of which process?

A. Establishing a European limited liability company
B. Joining the European Union
C. Establishing an integrated European rail transport network
D. Applying for European research funding (i.e. the Horizon programme)

Answer 2

Correct answer: B – Joining the European Union

Explanation:
Applicant countries are required to accept the acquis before joining the EU. The acquis must be incorporated into national legal systems by the date of accession and applied from that date.

Question 3

The second stage of the ordinary legislative procedure (OLP) is:

A. A second reading by the European Parliament
B. A second reading by the Council of Ministers
C. A second reading by the European Parliament and then the Council of Ministers
D. A second reading by the Conciliation Committee

Answer 3

Correct answer: C – A second reading by the European Parliament and then the Council of Ministers

Explanation:
The European Parliament examines the proposal first at second reading, voting by absolute majority. The Council may then accept Parliament’s position or amend it.

Question 4

In the 2023 work programme, the EU Commission announced the update of the Council Recommendation on Smoke‑Free Environments (2009). What was the recommendation’s main goal?

A. To protect people across the EU from exposure to second‑hand smoke
B. To use taxation to deter people from smoking, especially young generations
C. To curb preventable cancers, including lung cancer
D. To create a Tobacco‑Free Generation where the number of smokers is below 5% of the population by 2040

Answer 4

Correct answer: A – To protect people across the EU from exposure to second‑hand smoke

Explanation:
The recommendation aims to safeguard people from second‑hand smoke exposure and broaden its scope to include emerging products such as e‑cigarettes and heated tobacco products.

Question 5

To join the EU Health Policy Platform, stakeholders (multiple options follow):

A. May be an organisation from a third country working exclusively outside the EU
B. Must be hospitals or healthcare providers only
C. Must be registered in the EU Transparency Register (with exemptions)
D. May not be consultancies and law firms

Answer 5

Correct answer: C – Must be registered in the EU Transparency Register (with exemptions)

Explanation:
Stakeholders must be registered in the EU Transparency Register and directly represent their own interests. Some entities benefit from exemptions.

Question 6

Which of the following constitutes an indication of an education system’s degree of equity at EU level?

A. Average participation of 15‑year‑olds in education and training
B. Percentage of the population not employed and not in training
C. Vocational training validation procedures
D. Resilience in the PISA test

Answer 6

Correct answer: D – Resilience in the PISA test

Explanation:
Resilience refers to the proportion of disadvantaged students who achieve high PISA scores and is used as an indicator of educational equity.

Question 7

The European Commission may be empowered to adopt an implementing act before consulting a comitology committee:

A. For a maximum period of 2 months
B. On imperative grounds of urgency
C. If the basic act provides for this procedure
D. With prior approval of a simple majority of committee members

Answer 7

Correct answer: B – On imperative grounds of urgency

Explanation:
On duly justified imperative grounds of urgency, the Commission may adopt the act before consulting the committee, which must still be consulted afterwards.

Question 8

Which countries participate in the ‘Economic Union’ component of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)?

A. All European Union member states
B. All EU member states in the Euro Area
C. All EU and EEA member states
D. All EEA member states

Answer 8

Correct answer: A – All European Union member states

Explanation:
All EU member states participate in the economic union through the single market and economic policy coordination.

Question 9

According to a 2023 Eurobarometer survey, 40% of companies in the EU are (fill in the blanks) that the law and courts in their country protect their investments.

A. Very confident
B. Fairly unconfident
C. Confident
D. Unconfident

Answer 9

Correct answer: D – Unconfident

Explanation:
53% of companies are confident in legal protection, while 40% report being unconfident.

Question 10

As one of the largest service sectors, business services contribute to what percentage of EU GDP?

A. 15%
B. 11%
C. 1%
D. 31%

Answer 10

Correct answer: B – 11%

Explanation:
Business services contribute approximately 11% of EU GDP.

Question 11

Which of the following was the last EU enlargement?

A. Romania and Bulgaria in 2013
B. Romania in 2010
C. Croatia in 2013
D. Croatia in 2010

Answer 11

Correct answer: C – Croatia in 2013

Explanation:
Croatia joined the EU on 1 July 2013.

Question 12

The European Semester ensures that Member States:

A. Discuss their national economic, social and budgetary plans collectively
B. National budgets are approved by the European Parliament
C. National budgets are approved by the Council and Parliament
D. Can veto other national budgets

Answer 12

Correct answer: A – Discuss their national economic, social and budgetary plans collectively

Explanation:
The European Semester allows early coordination of policies.

Question 13

What proportion of NextGenerationEU and the EU budget is allocated to Green Deal goals?

A. Half
B. One third
C. At least 55%
D. Two thirds

Answer 13

Correct answer: B – One third

Explanation:
One third of the €1.8 trillion package supports the Green Deal.

Question 14

According to the Council Rules of Procedure, legislative deliberations must:

A. Be public
B. Be private
C. Be published later
D. Be public upon request

Answer 14

Correct answer: A – Be public

Explanation:
Legislative deliberations and votes take place in public.

Question 15

Which Commission portfolio focuses on economy and productivity (2024–2029)?

A. Trade and Economic Security
B. Budget and Anti-Fraud
C. Economy and Productivity, Implementation and Simplification
D. Digital Transformation

Answer 15

Correct answer: C – Economy and Productivity, Implementation and Simplification

Explanation:
Portfolio held by Valdis Dombrovskis.

Question 16

What is the CELAC–EU Summit?

A. Annual economic meeting
B. Diplomatic EU–CELAC leaders’ summit
C. Trade negotiation forum
D. Cultural event

Answer 16

Correct answer: B – Diplomatic EU–CELAC leaders’ summit

Explanation:
The summit strengthens cooperation on global challenges.

Question 17

What percentage of Europeans lacked basic digital skills in 2023?

A. 23%
B. 15%
C. 32%
D. 63%

Answer 17

Correct answer: C – 32%

Explanation:
About one third lacked basic digital skills.

Question 18

Which EU country caught the most fish?

A. France
B. Spain
C. Greece
D. Denmark

Answer 18

Correct answer: B – Spain

Explanation:
Spain accounts for around 22% of EU catches.

Question 19

Who may participate without voting rights in ECB Governing Council meetings?

A. President of the Council
B. President of the Court of Auditors
C. President of the Parliament
D. President of the Court of Justice

Answer 19

Correct answer: A – President of the Council

Explanation:
The President of the Council and a Commissioner may attend.

Question 20

According to Article 268 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), jurisdiction in disputes relating to compensation for damage against the European Union is held by:
A. The European Court of Human Rights
B. The Court of Justice of the European Union
C. The European Ombudsman
D. Member state national courts

Answer 20

Correct answer: B. The Court of Justice of the European Union
Explanation
Article 268 TFEU states that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes related to compensation for damage against the EU.
➡️ This means you cannot sue the EU before national or international courts of Member States.

Question 20

What approach does the EU take regarding the order in which to open enlargement negotiations chapters of the acquis?
A. Internal market first
B. Fundamentals first
C. Green Agenda first
D. Competitiveness first

Answer 20

Correct answer: B. Fundamentals first
Explanation
The EU applies a “fundamentals first” approach in its enlargement negotiations.
The cluster on fundamentals — which includes the rule of law, economic criteria, and public administration reform — must show sufficient progress before any other chapters can be opened.

Question 21

When voting in the European Commission College of Commissioners, the European Commission:
A. Shall take decisions on the basis of proposals from the Commission President alone
B. Shall vote if any Member so requests
C. Shall vote only on the original draft text and not on an amended draft text by the President
D. Shall adopt a decision by the qualified majority only if the number of Members specified in the Treaty vote in favour

Answer 21

Correct answer: B. Shall vote if any Member so requests
Explanation
The Commission takes decisions based on proposals from one or more of its Members.
A vote must be held if any Member requests it, whether it’s on the original or amended draft (from the Member(s) or President).
A decision is adopted if a majority of the number of Members specified in the Treaty vote in favour.

Question 22

Delegated acts:
A. Are only applicable to specific decisions relating to legal entities
B. May supplement or amend certain non-essential elements of that legislative act
C. Enter into force once adopted by the European Parliament and Council of the European Union according to the ordinary legislative procedure
D. Are approved by a unanimity vote of national experts and the European Commission representative sitting within the comitology committee

Answer 22

Correct answer: B. May supplement or amend certain non-essential elements of that legislative act
Explanation
Delegated acts may be of general application only and supplement or amend the legislative act.
They can add, modify, delete or replace non-essential elements of the legislative act.
They only enter into force if neither the European Parliament nor the Council objects to them.

Question 23

Which of the following is not one of the four priorities for the EU Digital Finance Strategy for the transformation of the EU financial sector?
A. To create a European financial data space to promote data-driven innovation
B. To allow financial data to be exchanged freely, without any regulatory barrier
C. To tackle fragmentation in the Digital Single Market for financial services
D. To ensure the facilitation of digital innovation in the interest of consumers and market efficiency

Answer 23

Correct answer: B. To allow financial data to be exchanged freely, without any regulatory barrier
Explanation
The four priorities of the EU Digital Finance Strategy for transforming the financial sector do not include the removal of regulatory barriers on data exchange.
Instead, the strategy emphasizes data privacy, security, and the need to prevent unauthorized access or misuse. The actual fourth priority is to address new challenges and risks associated with digital transformation.

Question 24

Under the special legislative procedure, which procedure is used in cases of a serious breach of fundamental rights? A. Approval procedure B. Consent procedure C. OLP D. Consultation procedure

Answer 24

Correct answer: B. Consent procedure Explanation In the context of the special legislative procedure, the consent procedure is used in serious breaches of fundamental rights. Under this procedure, the European Parliament must give its consent, but cannot amend the proposal. This mechanism is notably used in situations covered by Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union, where a Member State may be sanctioned for breaching EU values.

Question 25

Which European Union institution is responsible with deciding on the proposed composition of the Economic and Social Committee? A. The European Council B. The European Parliament C. The Council of the European Union D. The Committee of the Regions

Answer 25

Correct answer: C. The Council of the European Union Explanation According to Article 301 TFEU (ex-Article 258 TEC), the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, shall adopt a decision determining the composition of the Economic and Social Committee.

Question 26

Which of the following trade defense measures do not focus on whether trade is fair or not? A. Anti-dumping measures B. All trade defense measures C. Safeguards D. Anti-subsidy measures

Answer 26

Correct answer: C. Safeguards Explanation Unlike anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures, safeguards do not focus on whether trade is fair or not, so the conditions for imposing them are more stringent.

Question 27

According to Article 265 of the TFEU, an action may be brought before the Court of Justice if the European Parliament, European Council, Commission, or ECB fails to act in violation of the Treaties. How long does the institution have to respond after being called to act? A. Six months B. One week C. One month D. Two months

Answer 27

Correct answer: D. Two months Explanation According to Article 265 TFEU: "The action shall be admissible only if the institution, body, office or agency concerned has first been called upon to act. If, within two months of being so called upon, the institution, body, office or agency concerned has not defined its position, the action may be brought within a further period of two months."

Question 28

In accordance with the Road Infrastructure Safety Management Directive (RISM), by when are EU Member States required to carry out the first network-wide road safety assessment of Motorways and Primary roads? A. By 2028 B. By 2024 C. By 2030 D. By 2040

Answer 28

Correct answer: B. By 2024 Explanation In accordance with the RISM directive, Member States must carry out the first network-wide road safety assessment of Motorways and Primary roads by 2024, and regularly thereafter.

Question 29

According to the European Commission, its 2022 proposal to revise the Ambient Air Quality Directives would (multiple options follow): A. Remove regular reviews of the air quality standards. B. Put the EU on track to achieve zero pollution for air by 2050. C. Split the current two directives into four. D. Put the EU on track to achieve zero pollution for air by 2030.

Answer 29

Correct answer: B. Put the EU on track to achieve zero pollution for air by 2050. Explanation On 26 October 2022, as part of the European Green Deal, the Commission proposed to revise the Ambient Air Quality Directives. This proposal aims to put the EU on track to achieve zero pollution for air by 2050.

Question 30

What is the Ukraine Facility established by the European Union? A. A military base set up by the EU in Ukraine. B. A cultural center promoting Ukrainian arts in the EU. C. A trade agreement for duty-free exports. D. A program providing up to €50 billion in grants and loans for stability and reconstruction.

Answer 30

Correct answer: D. A program providing up to €50 billion in grants and loans for stability and reconstruction. Explanation The Ukraine Facility will provide up to €50 billion in grants and loans for the period 2024–2027. It supports Ukraine’s efforts to: Sustain macro-financial stability Promote short-term recovery Rebuild and modernise the country Implement key reforms on its EU accession track

Question 31

Which of the following EU-funded research projects created the Online Labor Index (OLI) and exposed the geographical and occupational divisions in the online market? A. GIGSTATS B. FAIRWORK C. PLABOR D. iLABOUR

Answer 31

Correct answer: D. iLABOUR Explanation The ERC project iLABOUR created the Online Labour Index (OLI), which had a major international social impact by exposing: The geographical divisions The occupational divisions in the online labour market.

Question 32

When a candidate country prepares accession negotiations, the European Union body of law is examined and broken down into chapters and clusters. This process is known as: A. Reviewing B. Screening C. Monitoring D. Examining

Answer 32

Correct answer: B. Screening Explanation Screening is a formal and technical exercise conducted by the European Commission to prepare accession negotiations. It allows candidate countries to: Familiarise themselves with the acquis communautaire Understand the obligations involved Assess their capacity to implement the acquis Better prepare for EU accession

Question 33

Which of the following European Union institutions does NOT have staff working in offices in Luxembourg? A. The European Parliament B. The European Commission C. The European Council D. The Council of the European Union

Answer 33

Correct answer: C. The European Council Explanation The following institutions do have staff working in Luxembourg: European Parliament → Brussels, Strasbourg, Luxembourg European Commission → Brussels, Luxembourg, Representations across the EU Council of the European Union → Brussels, Luxembourg The European Council, based in Brussels, does not have staff based in Luxembourg.

Question 34

According to Eurostat data, between 1990 and 2021 all sectors of the economy in the EU reduced their GHG emissions, with one exception. What is it? A. Waste management B. Transport C. Agriculture D. Energy production

Answer 34

Correct answer: B. Transport Explanation A sectoral breakdown of the years 1990 to 2021 shows that all sectors of the EU economy reduced their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions — except transport. Transport emissions did not decline over the period and remain a challenge for EU climate policy.

Question 35

What is the balanced budget "golden rule" set by the Fiscal Compact under the Treaty on Stability, Coordination, and Governance (TSCG)? A. Lower limit of structural deficit of 0.25% of GNI or 0.75% of GDP if public debt is lower than 70% of GNI B. Lower limit of structural deficit of 0.75% of GDP or 1.5% of GDP if public debt is lower than 80% of GDP C. Lower limit of structural deficit of 0.5% of GDP or 1% of GDP if public debt is lower than 60% of GDP D. Lower limit of structural deficit of 1.5% of GDP or 1.75% of GNI if public debt is lower than 90% of GNI

Answer 35

Correct answer: C. Lower limit of structural deficit of 0.5% of GDP or 1% of GDP if public debt is lower than 60% of GDP Explanation The Fiscal Compact sets the golden rule: A lower limit of structural deficit of 0.5% of GDP if public debt is below 60% of GDP Or 1% of GDP if public debt is above 60% This rule must be enshrined in national law, preferably at constitutional level ("debt brake"). Member States can bring cases before the Court of Justice of the EU if this rule is not respected.

Question 36

Within the Council of the European Union, which body is responsible for the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)? A. The General Affairs Council (GAC) B. The European Council C. The European External Action Service (EEAS) D. The Political and Security Committee (PSC)

Answer 36

Correct answer: D. The Political and Security Committee (PSC) Explanation The Political and Security Committee (PSC) is the body responsible for the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) within the Council of the European Union. It monitors the international situation and helps define EU policies in this area.

Question 37

What is the budget of the EU4Health programme for the period 2021–2027? A. Over €7 billion B. Over €10 billion C. Over €15 billion D. Over €5 billion

Answer 37

Correct answer: D. Over €5 billion Explanation EU4Health is the largest health programme ever launched by the EU. It will invest over €5 billion over seven years (2021–2027) to improve health in the European Union.

Question 38

Non-binding instruments are published in the Official Journal ('information and notices'). What is the requirement to publish non-binding instruments? A. Only obligatory if issued by the European Commission and Council of the European Union B. Only obligatory if issued by the European Parliament, European Council, and/or Council of the European Union C. Obligatory D. Not obligatory

Answer 38

Correct answer: D. Not obligatory Explanation There is no legal obligation to publish and communicate non-binding instruments. However, they are usually published in the Official Journal under the section “Information and Notices”. European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication, Borchardt, K., The ABC of EU law, 2018.

Question 39

To leverage the potential of data, what type of model does the EU envisage to implement? A. The EU is not yet creating any model for data B. A global market for data C. National markets for data D. A European single market for data

Answer 39

Correct answer: D. A European single market for data Explanation The EU is creating a new model with clear rules: a European single market for data. This model is open yet sovereign, aiming to facilitate data sharing across sectors and borders in the EU.

Question 40

According to the Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework, what is one of the main goals of the new State aid rules? A. Simplifying and accelerating approval of State aid measures for decarbonisation and clean tech projects. B. Limiting support for renewable energy technologies such as wind and solar. C. Increasing bureaucratic requirements for Member States applying for State aid. D. Restricting State aid to fossil fuel infrastructure projects exclusively.

Answer 40

Correct answer: A. Simplifying and accelerating approval of State aid measures for decarbonisation and clean tech projects. Explanation The new Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework aims to: Enable necessary and proportionate State aid that stimulates private investment. Provide Member States with a 5-year planning horizon. Offer more investment predictability for businesses contributing to the Clean Industrial Deal’s objectives. Commission Document – Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework (PDF)

Question 41

Which of the following EU Environmental performance management and certification methods is no longer used? A. Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) B. Ecolabel for eco-friendly tourist accommodation C. Energy label and ecodesign D. EU Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)

Answer 41

Correct answer: D. EU Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Explanation The European Commission has discontinued the ETV programme following an internal assessment. 👉 This means the programme is no longer run or supported by the Commission as of November 2022. EU ETV official page

Question 42

What is REPowerEU? A. An EU Commission plan to save energy in winter months B. An EU Parliament proposal to produce clean energy C. An EU External action initiative to diversify the EU's energy supplies D. An EU Commission plan to achieve multiple energy-related goals

Answer 42

Correct answer: D. An EU Commission plan to achieve multiple energy-related goals Explanation REPowerEU is a comprehensive EU Commission plan aiming to: Safeguard EU citizens and businesses from energy shortages Support Ukraine by weakening Russia’s economic power Accelerate the transition to clean energy Enhance energy security, diversify energy sources, and promote sustainability in the EU. REPowerEU - European Commission

Question 43

The Western Mediterranean route refers to irregular migrant arrivals in which EU Member State? A. Portugal B. Spain C. Italy D. Greece

Answer 43

Correct answer: B. Spain Explanation The Western Mediterranean route refers to irregular arrivals in Spain, both: by sea to mainland Spain by land to the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in Northern Africa. EU Migration Policy – Western Routes

Question 44

Which European Union institution is responsible for determining the “salaries, allowances and pensions of the President of the European Council, the President of the Commission, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy”? A. The European Commission B. The Council C. The European Ombudsman D. The European Parliament

Answer 44

Correct answer: B. The Council Explanation According to Article 243 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the Council determines: salaries, allowances, and pensions of top officials: the President of the European Council, the President of the Commission, the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Members of the Commission, Court of Justice Presidents and Members, and the Secretary-General of the Council.

Question 45

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union sets out four stages for the budgetary procedure. After the European Commission drafts the budget, the Council of the European Union adopts its position. If the European Parliament adopts amendments to the Council’s position, what is the next step? A. The European Parliament drafts a new revised budget B. The Council of the European Union accept or reject the European Parliament’s amendments within 42 days C. The European Commission’s College of Commissioners vote on the European Parliament’s amendments by simple majority D. The formation of a conciliation committee

Answer 45

Correct answer: D. The formation of a conciliation committee Explanation When the European Parliament adopts amendments by majority vote, the draft is referred back to both the Council of the EU and the European Commission. The President of the European Parliament, in agreement with the President of the Council of the EU, must then immediately convene a meeting of the Conciliation Committee. EU Parliament factsheet on the budgetary procedure

Question 46

The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) was created in: A. 1957 with the founding of the European Economic Community B. 1968 with the creation of the Directorate General for Regional Policy C. 1975 following United Kingdom (UK) pressure to offset Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) spending D. 1988 following the accession of Greece, Spain and Portugal

Answer 46

Correct answer: C. 1975 following United Kingdom (UK) pressure to offset Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) spending Explanation The UK joined the European Communities in 1973 and pushed for regional development to be addressed, since it was contributing significantly to the CAP and the EEC budget. The ERDF was intended to balance these contributions and support less developed regions. Although planned earlier, its creation was delayed by the 1973 oil crisis and it was finally established in 1975. EU History 1970–1979 – European Union

Question 47

What is the type of the Commission expert group on cultural heritage? A. Formal, temporary B. Informal, temporary C. Formal, permanent D. Informal, permanent

Answer 47

Correct answer: D. Informal, permanent Explanation The European Commission’s expert group on cultural heritage was set up in 2019 to maintain the multi-stakeholder cooperation and policy dialogue established during the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018. It is classified as informal and permanent. Expert Group Register – European Commission

Question 48

How many EU businesses sell goods or digital services via online platforms? A. About 5 million B. Under 1 million C. Over 2 million D. Over 1 million

Answer 48

Correct answer: D. Over 1 million Explanation Over 1 million EU businesses sell goods or digital services via online platforms. European Commission – Online Platforms

Question 49

What is the name of the EU Commission strategy for a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food system? A. Sustainable Food Systems Initiative B. Green Deal for Food and Agriculture C. Farm to Fork Strategy D. Food Sustainability and Healthy Planet

Answer 49

Correct answer: C. Farm to Fork Strategy Explanation The Farm to Fork Strategy is the EU Commission’s strategy at the heart of the EU Green Deal, which aims to make food systems fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly. It intends to make agriculture practices more sustainable via an integrated policy approach covering the full supply chain of food.

Question 50

The Ordinary Legislative Procedure was previously known as the: A. Consultation procedure B. Cooperation procedure C. Consent Procedure D. Co-decision procedure

Answer 50

Correct answer: D. Co-decision procedure Explanation When the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force in 2009, the Co-decision procedure was renamed Ordinary Legislative Procedure. It consists in the adoption by both the European Parliament and the Council of a EU secondary legislation (Regulation, Directive or Decision) on a proposal forwarded by the European Commission (Art. 289(1) TFEU).

Question 51

The EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox can be used (multiple options follow): A. Instead of the EEAS Crisis Management Response Mechanism. B. In parallel with the EU Hybrid Toolbox. C. Only in response to a large-scale cross-border malicious cyber activity. D. Only in case of malicious cyber activities targeting an EU Member State.

Answer 51

Correct answer: B. In parallel with the EU Hybrid Toolbox. Explanation While remaining an autonomous mechanism, it could be used in parallel or in the context of the framework for a coordinated EU response to hybrid campaigns ("EU Hybrid Toolbox"), or in parallel or coherence with the Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference Toolbox (“FIMI Toolbox”), noting the context, the threat landscape, potential threat actors as well as potential victims.

Question 52

Which European Union institution is responsible for the appointment of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy for a 5-year term? A. European Commission B. European Parliament C. European Council D. Council of Ministers (or Council of the European Union)

Answer 52

Correct answer: C. European Council Explanation The European Council appoints the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (responsible for EU foreign affairs – "external action" – and also a Vice-President of the European Commission) by a qualified majority, with the agreement of the Commission President, for a 5-year term.

Question 53

The European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy is subject to the: A. Codecision procedure B. Qualified majority procedure C. Unanimity procedure D. Simple majority procedure

Answer 53

Correct answer: C. Unanimity procedure Explanation Decisions under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) are almost exclusively taken by unanimity. Article 24 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) states: "The common foreign and security policy is subject to specific rules and procedures. It shall be defined and implemented by the European Council and the Council of Ministers acting unanimously, except where the Treaties provide otherwise."

Question 54

Which size of cities are more likely to develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs)? A. Smaller cities B. Towns C. Middle-sized cities D. Larger cities

Answer 54

Correct answer: D. Larger cities Explanation Recent surveys have shown that cities with a population of less than 100,000 are much less likely to develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) than their larger counterparts. Smaller cities are also underrepresented in good practice databases and in the expert community.

Question 55

Which EU member state has the highest share of people employed in the field of sport? A. Greece B. Sweden C. Lithuania D. Belgium

Answer 55

Correct answer: B. Sweden Explanation In 2022, 1.51 million people were employed in the sports sector in the EU, representing 0.8% of total employment. Among EU countries, Sweden had the highest share of people employed in sport (1.4%), followed by: Finland (1.2%) Denmark (1.2%) Spain and France (1.1%)

Question 56

Who can benefit from the Commission’s leniency programme in the context of competition policy? A. Neither individuals nor undertakings can benefit B. Both individuals and undertakings involved in a secret cartel C. Individuals employed by undertakings involved in a secret cartel D. Undertakings involved in a secret cartel

Answer 56

Correct answer: D. Undertakings involved in a secret cartel Explanation The leniency programme offers undertakings (i.e., companies) involved in a secret cartel the opportunity to: Self-report their involvement Provide evidence to the Commission If they do so, they may benefit from: Total immunity from fines or A reduction of fines that would have otherwise been imposed.

Question 57

According to the European Commission, by what percentage can health promotion and prevention reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases? A. 80% B. 35% C. 7% D. 70%

Answer 57

Correct answer: D. 70% Explanation According to the European Commission, health promotion and disease prevention can reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by up to 70%. This reduction requires a holistic approach, including efforts to tackle health inequalities across the board.

Question 58

According to Article 238 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, when voting by unanimity in the Council, abstentions from members of the Council of the European Union: A. Shall only be counted if the member state is present B. Shall be counted if the member state is either present or represented C. Shall be counted as a vote against D. Shall never be counted

Answer 58

Correct answer: D. Shall never be counted Explanation When the Council votes by unanimity, abstentions by members (whether present or represented) do not prevent the adoption of acts. Therefore, abstentions are not counted in the unanimity requirement. 📘 Reference: Article 238 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

Question 59

When the Council of the European Union votes by qualified majority, a qualified majority is reached when: A. 75% of the member states vote in favour representing at least 55% of the EU total population B. 45% of the member states vote in favour representing at least 85% of the EU total population C. 35% of the member states vote in favour representing at least 75% of the EU total population D. 55% of the member states vote in favour representing at least 65% of the EU total population

Answer 59

Correct answer: D. 55% of the member states vote in favour representing at least 65% of the EU total population Explanation To reach a qualified majority in the Council of the EU (standard rule under Article 16(4) TEU and Article 238(3) TFEU), two conditions must be met: At least 55% of the Member States must vote in favour → this equals 15 out of 27 countries, These countries must represent at least 65% of the total EU population. 📌 This is referred to as the "double majority" rule.

Question 60

Europeana is a: (multiple options follow) A. Public library in Brussels B. Digital cultural platform C. Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven D. Astronomical observatory in Europe

Answer 60

Correct answer: B. Digital cultural platform Explanation Europeana is Europe’s digital cultural platform, giving access to millions of digitised items from European museums, galleries, libraries, and archives. It promotes responsible, accessible, sustainable and innovative tourism, and helps preserve Europe’s cultural heritage. 📌 Europeana is not: A public library (A) A symphony (C) An astronomical observatory (D)

Question 61

The European Commission’s rule of procedure Article 4 sets out the four decision-making procedures applicable in the European Commission. These are: A. Cooperation procedure, consent procedure, empowerment procedure, written procedure B. Consent procedure, deliberation procedure, delegation procedure, consultation procedure C. Oral procedure, written procedure, empowerment procedure, delegation procedure D. Empowerment procedure, oral procedure, consent procedure, delegation procedure

Answer 61

Correct answer: C. Oral procedure, written procedure, empowerment procedure, delegation procedure Explanation According to Article 4 of the Commission’s Rules of Procedure, decisions are taken through one of four procedures: Oral procedure (Article 8) Written procedure (Article 12) Empowerment procedure (Article 13) Delegation procedure (Article 14) These are the only four valid decision-making processes.

Question 62

Which of the following proposals are part of the ‘Fit for 55’ package? A. A ban on single-use plastics B. A ban on animal tests for cosmetic ingredients C. A carbon border adjustment mechanism D. A chemical strategy for sustainability

Answer 62

Correct answer: C. A carbon border adjustment mechanism Explanation The Fit for 55 package is a set of legislative proposals aiming to revise climate, energy, and transport laws to align with the EU’s target to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030. Among the proposals is the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which introduces a carbon price on imports of certain goods from outside the EU to avoid carbon leakage and promote greener global production standards.

Question 63

Members of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) are: A. Elected for terms lasting 2.5 years B. Nominated by national governments C. Appointed by the European Parliament D. Elected for non-renewable terms

Answer 63

Correct answer: B. Nominated by national governments Explanation Members of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) are nominated by national governments and appointed by the Council of the EU. They serve renewable 5-year terms and represent various economic and social interest groups, including employers, workers, and civil society.

Question 64

A harmonized standard is a European standard developed by a recognized European Standards Organisation, following a request from: A. An EU Member State B. The European Parliament C. The European Commission D. A European professional organization

Answer 64

Correct answer: C. The European Commission Explanation A harmonized standard is a European standard developed by a recognized European Standards Organisation (such as CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI) following a request from the European Commission. These standards help ensure products meet the requirements of EU legislation and facilitate the functioning of the internal market.

Question 65

What is the significance of the 2023 Sustainable Development Summit? A. It celebrates the fact that over 50% of SDGs have been reached in the EU. B. It marks the midpoint of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. C. It is the first SDG Summit to be hosted in Brussels, Belgium. D. It unveiled a plan to reach the Green Deal targets by 2030.

Answer 65

Correct answer: B. It marks the midpoint of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Explanation The 2023 SDG Summit, held under the UN General Assembly’s guidance, is a key event that takes place every four years. The 2023 edition, held in September at UN Headquarters in New York, marked a significant milestone: the midpoint in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Question 66

Which of the following is a priority area for cooperation under the European Education Area initiative for the period 2021–2030? A. Inclusion and diversity in all fields of education, training, youth and sport B. Workshops, seminars and training courses in port management C. Innovation, cooperation and the development of the knowledge base in rural areas D. Early childhood education and care

Answer 66

Correct answer: D. Early childhood education and care Explanation Early childhood education and care has been identified as a priority area for cooperation under the European Education Area initiative for the period 2021–2030. This reflects the EU's focus on the foundational stages of education to ensure long-term learning success and social inclusion.

Question 67

Which 3 EU countries have the highest shares of households with children? A. Germany, Finland, and Belgium B. Slovakia, Ireland, and Cyprus C. Romania, Ireland, and Cyprus D. Lithuania, Slovakia, and Greece

Answer 67

Correct answer: B. Slovakia, Ireland, and Cyprus Explanation In 2022, the highest shares of households with children in the EU were found in: Slovakia (33.9%) Ireland (32.2%) Cyprus (30.6%) These rates were the highest among EU Member States, according to Eurostat. In contrast, the lowest shares were found in Finland (18.4%), Germany (20.1%) and the Netherlands (21.8%).

Question 68

What is the most important CAP tool to support the EU farmer's income? A. The Complementary redistributive income support tool (CRISS) B. The eco-schemes C. The Basic income support for sustainability (BISS) D. The Coupled income support (CIS)

Answer 68

Correct answer: C. The Basic income support for sustainability (BISS) Explanation The Basic income support for sustainability (BISS) is an annual area-based decoupled payment funded solely by the EU budget. It continues to be the most important CAP tool for supporting EU farmer income under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).

Question 69

How did the EU contribute to the field of public health during the pandemic? A. Implementing strict lockdown measures to control the spread of the virus B. Promoting alternative therapies to treat COVID-19 C. Investing in healthcare infrastructure and building new hospitals in several Member States D. Increasing vaccine production capacity and ensuring provision of medical supplies

Answer 69

Correct answer: D. Increasing vaccine production capacity and ensuring provision of medical supplies Explanation: The EU boosted vaccine production, provided medical supplies, maintained free movement of goods, established a common stockpile via RescEU, and supported research and innovation to combat COVID-19.

Question 70

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): A. Combats EU cross-border drug crime through police cooperation B. Maintains a list of banned psychoactive substances C. Monitors EU trade in drug precursors D. Supplies EU institutions and countries with data on drugs and drug addiction

Answer 70

Correct answer: D. Supplies EU institutions and countries with data on drugs and drug addiction Explanation: The EMCDDA provides objective and comparable data, supports policymaking, and shares best practices on drug-related issues.

Question 71

According to the European Commission's REPowerEU plan, what is the target for renewable hydrogen production within the EU by 2030? A. 10 million tons B. 1 million tons C. 5 million tons D. 20 million tons

Answer 71

Correct answer: A. 10 million tons Explanation: REPowerEU sets a target of producing 10 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen within the EU by 2030.

Question 72

Within the Better Regulation guidelines, baselines represent: A. The ‘no-policy-change’ scenario with which policy options are compared B. The worst-case scenario C. The best-case scenario D. The most realistic scenario

Answer 72

Correct answer: A. The ‘no-policy-change’ scenario with which policy options are compared Explanation: A baseline reflects the situation without new policy action and serves as a reference for impact assessment.

Question 73

The European Union’s External Action Service’s staff is principally composed of staff sourced from: A. The European Commission and European Parliament B. The European Commission, Council and European Parliament C. The European Commission, Council and EU Member State diplomatic services D. The European Parliament, Commission and Member State diplomatic services

Answer 73

Correct answer: C. The European Commission, Council and EU Member State diplomatic services Explanation: EEAS staff come mainly from the Commission, the Council, and national diplomatic services.

Question 74

Which EU institution is responsible for the appointment of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank? A. European Commission B. Council of the EU C. Eurogroup D. European Council

Answer 74

Correct answer: D. European Council Explanation: The European Council appoints the ECB Executive Board by qualified majority.

Question 75

According to EU air passenger rights, what are the conditions for compensation if checked-in luggage is lost, damaged or delayed? A. The airport is liable B. Passengers must use a standard EU form C. Compensation applies only for inherent defects D. The airline is liable up to EUR 1,300

Answer 75

Correct answer: D. The airline is liable up to EUR 1,300 Explanation: The airline is responsible for checked-in baggage, with compensation up to EUR 1,300.

Question 76

What is the primary goal of the EU Commission proposal for a Net-Zero Industry Act? A. Enforce environmental standards B. Provide incentives to scale up clean tech production in the EU C. Fund R&D grants only D. Develop global standards with partners

Answer 76

Correct answer: B. Provide incentives to scale up clean tech production in the EU Explanation: The Act aims to accelerate EU-based production of clean technologies.

Question 77

Which article of the TFEU prohibits abuse of a dominant market position? A. Article 101 B. Article 102 C. Article 107 D. Article 108

Answer 77

Correct answer: B. Article 102 Explanation: Article 102 TFEU prohibits abuse of dominant market positions.

Question 78

Which EU countries are the top three importers of candles? A. Italy, France, Greece B. Germany, Netherlands, France C. Belgium, France, Germany D. Spain, Portugal, Hungary

Answer 78

Correct answer: B. Germany, Netherlands, France Explanation: Germany is the largest importer, followed by the Netherlands and France (Eurostat 2023).

Question 79

If the European Parliament and the Council do not agree with a text of the budget, they must engage in a 21-day negotiation process called: A. Auditing procedure B. Conciliation procedure C. Discharge procedure D. New Reading procedure

Answer 79

Correct answer: B – Conciliation procedure Explanation: The Conciliation Committee, composed of an equal number of members or representatives of the Council and the European Parliament, has 21 days to reach an agreement.

Question 80

The European Council is composed of: A. The President, national Heads of state and government, and the President of the Commission B. The President and National Ministers C. The President D. The President, national Heads of state and government, and finance ministers

Answer 80

Correct answer: A – The President, national Heads of state and government, and the President of the Commission Explanation: The European Council brings together heads of state or government and the President of the Commission. The High Representative also takes part.

Question 81

How is the EU taxonomy best described? A. A classification system of environmentally sustainable economic activities including specific nuclear and gas activities B. A taxation system for energy consumption prioritising nuclear energy C. A classification system excluding all gas-related activities D. A taxation system for high energy consumption

Answer 81

Correct answer: A – A classification system of environmentally sustainable economic activities including specific nuclear and gas activities Explanation: The EU taxonomy defines sustainable activities; a delegated act includes certain nuclear and gas activities under strict conditions.

Question 82

What is the purpose of the DESI? A. Measure GDP growth B. Track environmental policies C. Monitor digital performance of EU countries D. Assess social welfare programmes

Answer 82

Correct answer: C – Monitor digital performance of EU countries Explanation: The Digital Economy and Society Index monitors digital progress and informs policy decisions.

Question 83

The Council of the European Union takes decisions by unanimity: A. In procedural matters B. To request Commission studies C. In relation to social security and social protection policy D. In environmental and transport policy

Answer 83

Correct answer: C – In relation to social security and social protection policy Explanation: Sensitive areas such as social security require unanimity.

Question 84

Under Article 314 TFEU, who drafts estimates for the draft EU budget in the first phase? A. European Commission B. Council of Ministers C. European Parliament D. All EU institutions

Answer 84

Correct answer: D – All EU institutions Explanation: Each EU institution draws up its own estimates, which are consolidated by the Commission.

Question 85

What is the main purpose of the European Health Data Space? A. Empower individuals and give them control over their health data B. Establish a single market for social security systems C. Facilitate research only D. Ensure exchange of data for authorities only

Answer 85

Correct answer: A – Empower individuals and give them control over their health data Explanation: The proposal aims to give individuals digital access and control over personal health data.

Question 86

The Merger Treaty (1965) aimed to: A. Merge the Commission and Euratom B. Establish a single parliamentary assembly C. Merge the executives of the three European Communities D. Merge the ECSC with the EEC

Answer 86

Correct answer: C – Merge the executives of the three European Communities Explanation: It unified the executive bodies of ECSC, EEC and Euratom.

Question 87

What are the key responsibilities of the Secretary-General of the Commission? A. Public relations B. Coordinating implementation and ensuring procedures C. Publishing instruments only D. Facilitating interdepartmental communication and organising meetings

Answer 87

Correct answer: D – Facilitating interdepartmental communication and organising meetings Explanation: The Secretary-General assists the President, coordinates departments and organises meetings.

Question 88

When is a trilogue agreement formally approved? A. It is automatically binding B. Without Council vote C. After committee vote and plenary confirmation in the European Parliament D. By absolute majority in the Council only

Answer 88

Correct answer: C – After committee vote and plenary confirmation in the European Parliament Explanation: Trilogues are informal until formally approved by Parliament and Council.

Question 89

Which European Union institution shall propose to the European Parliament a candidate for President of the European Commission taking into account the European elections and after having held the appropriate consultations? A. The European Commission B. The European Council C. The European Parliament D. The Council of the European Union

Answer 89

Correct answer: B – The European Council Explanation: After holding the appropriate consultations and taking into account the results of the European Parliament elections, the European Council proposes a candidate for President of the European Commission, who is then elected by the European Parliament.

Question 90

According to the Circular Economy Act planned for 2026, what is one of the main objectives of this legislation? A. Reducing regulations on e-waste B. Increasing the use of virgin fossil materials C. Harmonising end-of-waste criteria to facilitate the transition to secondary raw materials D. Limiting public procurement of circular products

Answer 90

Correct answer: C – Harmonising end-of-waste criteria to facilitate the transition to secondary raw materials Explanation: The Circular Economy Act aims to accelerate the EU circular transition by harmonising end-of-waste criteria.

Question 91

Article 314 TFEU sets out the stages of the EU budgetary procedure. If the Conciliation Committee reaches agreement on a joint text, how long do the European Parliament and the Council have to approve it? A. 5 days B. 7 days C. 14 days D. 21 days

Answer 91

Correct answer: C – 14 days Explanation: Once a joint text is agreed, both institutions have 14 days to approve it.

Question 92

What is Vision Zero? A. Zero road fatalities in the EU by 2050 B. Improving eyesight by 2030 C. Zero rail fatalities by 2040 D. Improving drivers’ skills by 2045

Answer 92

Correct answer: A – Zero road fatalities in the EU by 2050 Explanation: Vision Zero is the EU’s long-term road safety strategy.

Question 93

The Court of Justice of the EU is responsible for dealing with: A. Infringement actions between Member States B. Direct ECHR violations C. Human rights protection under the ECHR D. National law disputes

Answer 93

Correct answer: A – Infringement actions between Member States Explanation: The CJEU deals with infringement actions, preliminary rulings, annulment actions and appeals.

Question 94

What is the name of the EU public diplomacy approach forming the backbone of its main financial tool for international cooperation (2021–2027)? A. Horizon Europe B. Open Government Partnership C. Global Europe D. Team Europe

Answer 94

Correct answer: D – Team Europe Explanation: Team Europe underpins the EU’s Global Europe instrument.

Question 95

Which EU country is the top exporter of toys? A. Germany B. Czechia C. Italy D. Belgium

Answer 95

Correct answer: B – Czechia Explanation: Czechia accounts for the largest share of EU toy exports.

Question 96

How many insects have been authorised as food in the EU? A. None B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Answer 96

Correct answer: D – 4 Explanation: Four insects had been authorised as novel foods by 2023.

Question 97

What threshold did EU trade through free trade agreements surpass for the first time in 2022? A. EUR 2 billion B. EUR 2 trillion C. EUR 5 trillion D. EUR 100 billion

Answer 97

Correct answer: B – EUR 2 trillion Explanation: EU trade through FTAs exceeded €2 trillion in 2022.

Question 98

Which emissions are covered by Emissions Trading System 2 (ETS 2)? A. Maritime transport B. Energy sector C. Fuel combustion in buildings D. Manufacturing industry

Answer 98

Correct answer: C – Fuel combustion in buildings Explanation: ETS 2 covers fuel combustion in buildings and road transport.

Question 99

The 1965 ‘Empty Chair’ crisis ended in 1966 with: A. The Luxembourg Compromise B. The collapse of the European Defense Community C. The Paris Agreement D. The establishment of the Single European Act

Answer 99

Correct answer: A – The Luxembourg Compromise Explanation: The crisis ended in January 1966 with the Luxembourg Compromise, allowing a de facto veto where vital national interests were at stake.

Question 100

What is the first procedural step when the EU negotiates trade deals with other countries? A. The European Commission requests the European Parliament’s consent B. The European External Action Service requests authorization from the European Parliament C. The European Commission requests authorization from the Council of the EU D. The Council of the EU requests authorization from the European Commission

Answer 100

Correct answer: C – The European Commission requests authorization from the Council of the EU Explanation: Before negotiations begin, the Commission must obtain a mandate from the Council.

Question 101

In the context of the European Commission's 2024–2029 mandate, which portfolio focuses on reducing emissions, promoting clean energy technologies, and ensuring sustainable growth? A. Environment, Water Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy B. Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth C. Energy and Housing D. Sustainable Transport and Tourism

Answer 101

Correct answer: B – Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth Explanation: This portfolio focuses on decarbonisation, clean technologies and climate diplomacy.

Question 102

Used to monitor and assess risk, “SCAN” identifies signs of distress in: A. Regulatory frameworks B. EU supply chains C. Single Market for services D. Collaborative economy

Answer 102

Correct answer: B – EU supply chains Explanation: SCAN (Supply Chain Alert Notification) monitors vulnerabilities and disruptions in EU supply chains.

Question 103

The meetings of COREPER I are chaired by: A. The Council Secretariat-General B. The deputy permanent representative of the country holding the Council presidency C. The chair of the Mertens Group D. Representatives of the European Council President

Answer 103

Correct answer: B – The deputy permanent representative of the country holding the Council presidency Explanation: COREPER I is chaired by the deputy permanent representative of the rotating presidency.

Question 104

As part of the European Education Area strategic framework, what is the EU-level target for digital education by 2030? A. Less than 15% of eighth-graders should be low-achievers in digital literacy B. Less than 25% of eighth-graders should be low-achievers C. Less than 15% of fourth-graders should be low-achievers D. Less than 60% of eighth-graders should be low-achievers

Answer 104

Correct answer: A – Less than 15% of eighth-graders should be low-achievers in digital literacy Explanation: This target is part of the 2021–2030 European Education Area framework.

Question 105

How many steps did the European Commission outline in its Opinion on Moldova's EU membership application? A. 9 B. 7 C. 12 D. 30

Answer 105

Correct answer: A – 9 Explanation: The Commission identified nine reform steps Moldova must complete to progress toward accession.

Question 106

Which EU country was the largest producer of bicycles in 2019? A. Portugal B. Italy C. Germany D. Poland

Answer 106

Correct answer: A – Portugal Explanation: Portugal produced the highest number of bicycles in the EU in 2019.

Question 107

Through which legislative procedure is the European Parliament involved in competition policy legislation? A. Consultation procedure B. Ordinary legislative procedure C. Consent procedure D. Comitology

Answer 107

Correct answer: A – Consultation procedure Explanation: In competition policy, Parliament is generally consulted but does not co-legislate.

Question 108

Once the EU budget is drafted and forwarded to the institutions, the European Commission: A. May not amend the budget B. May amend the budget up until adoption C. May amend the budget until the Conciliation Committee is convened D. May amend the budget until the Council adopts its position

Answer 108

Correct answer: C – May amend the budget until the Conciliation Committee is convened Explanation: The Commission may amend the draft budget only before conciliation begins.

Question 109

What is the principle of subsidiarity? A. In some policy areas the EU has exclusive competence B. The Commission drafts all legislation C. The EU only acts where action is more effective at EU than national level D. The Court of Justice initiates infringement proceedings

Answer 109

Correct answer: C – The EU only acts where action is more effective at EU than national level Explanation: The principle of subsidiarity ensures that in non-exclusive competences, the EU acts only when objectives cannot be sufficiently achieved by Member States.

Question 110

The ‘European Semester’: A. Is a budgetary conciliation committee B. Clarifies the legal basis of the budget C. Is a two-reading legislative budget procedure D. Is a cycle of economic policy coordination at EU level

Answer 110

Correct answer: D – Is a cycle of economic policy coordination at EU level Explanation: The European Semester is a six‑month cycle coordinating economic, fiscal and structural policies across the EU.

Question 111

Which Treaty gave the Charter of Fundamental Rights the same legal value as the Treaties? A. Nice B. Maastricht C. Lisbon D. Brussels

Answer 111

Correct answer: C – Lisbon Explanation: Article 6 TEU, introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon, grants the Charter equal legal value to the Treaties.

Question 112

The Conference on the Future of Europe was presided over by: A. Presidents of the European Council and Commission B. President of the European Parliament only C. Presidents of the Commission and Parliament D. Presidents of the Council, Parliament and Commission

Answer 112

Correct answer: D – Presidents of the Council, Parliament and Commission Explanation: The Conference had a joint presidency representing the three main EU institutions.

Question 113

Which country is part of the EU’s Eastern Partnership? A. Russia B. Turkey C. Lebanon D. Georgia

Answer 113

Correct answer: D – Georgia Explanation: The Eastern Partnership includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine.

Question 114

In the second reading of the ordinary legislative procedure, if Parliament rejects the Council position: A. The Council adopts the act by QMV B. The Commission withdraws the proposal C. The procedure ends without adoption D. A conciliation committee is convened

Answer 114

Correct answer: C – The procedure ends without adoption Explanation: A rejection by Parliament in second reading terminates the procedure.

Question 115

The Stability and Growth Pact contains: A. Stability and growth arms B. Preventive and corrective arms C. Macro and micro arms D. Fiscal and monetary arms

Answer 115

Correct answer: B – Preventive and corrective arms Explanation: The preventive arm ensures fiscal discipline, while the corrective arm addresses excessive deficits.

Question 116

According to Eurostat, who made most environmental protection investments in the EU in 2023? A. European Commission B. Non-profit sector C. Corporations D. Governments

Answer 116

Correct answer: C – Corporations Explanation: Corporations accounted for around 60% of environmental protection investments in 2023.

Question 117

According to the Council Rules of Procedure, Council meetings are normally: A. Public B. Not public C. Public after three months D. Public upon request

Answer 117

Correct answer: B – Not public Explanation: Meetings are not public unless deliberating or voting on legislative acts.

Question 118

Which Treaty introduced the co-decision procedure? A. Lisbon B. Maastricht C. Rome D. Amsterdam

Answer 118

Correct answer: B – Maastricht Explanation: The Maastricht Treaty introduced the co‑decision procedure, later expanded and renamed OLP.

Question 119

According to Article 267 TFEU, which EU institution has jurisdiction regarding the interpretation of the Treaties? A. European Commission B. European Parliament C. Court of Justice of the European Union D. European Council

Answer 119

Correct answer: C – Court of Justice of the European Union Explanation: Article 267 TFEU gives the CJEU jurisdiction to issue preliminary rulings on the interpretation of the Treaties.

Question 120

In the June 2016 referendum, the result was: A. 62% in favour of remaining in the EU B. 52% in favour of leaving the EU C. 97% in favour of leaving the EU D. 79% in favour of remaining in the EU

Answer 120

Correct answer: B – 52% in favour of leaving the EU Explanation: In June 2016, 52% of UK voters chose to leave the EU. The UK formally left on 31 January 2020.

Question 121

According to the Commission proposal on vaccine-preventable cancers, which infection can lead to cancer? A. Influenza virus B. Measles virus C. SARS-CoV-2 D. Hepatitis B virus

Answer 121

Correct answer: D – Hepatitis B virus Explanation: HBV is linked to cancer and is highlighted in the EU’s cancer prevention strategy.

Question 122

What voting procedure does the European Parliament use in the first reading of the OLP? A. Simple majority of votes cast B. Qualified majority in committee C. Qualified majority in plenary D. Absolute majority at all levels

Answer 122

Correct answer: A – Simple majority of votes cast Explanation: At first reading, Parliament decides by simple majority in committee and plenary.

Question 123

Under the EU Waste Framework Directive, Member States are called on to: A. Reduce unhealthy food production B. Ban excessive food packaging C. Increase plant-based food consumption D. Monitor and assess food waste prevention measures

Answer 123

Correct answer: D – Monitor and assess food waste prevention measures Explanation: Member States must monitor and assess implementation of food waste prevention measures.

Question 124

Which services are covered by the EU Services Directive? A. Audio-visual services B. Private-security services C. Household support services D. Financial services

Answer 124

Correct answer: C – Household support services Explanation: Household support services such as cleaning and gardening are covered.

Question 125

Which EU country has the most cars per inhabitant? A. Italy B. Luxembourg C. Finland D. Hungary

Answer 125

Correct answer: A – Italy Explanation: Italy has the highest number of passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants.

Question 126

The Petersberg Declaration (1992) made tasks available to: A. WEU only B. WEU and NATO C. WEU, NATO and the EU D. WEU and the EU

Answer 126

Correct answer: C – WEU, NATO and the EU Explanation: Petersberg Tasks could be made available to WEU, NATO and the EU.

Question 127

Which cartel case is among the ten highest fines imposed by the European Commission? A. Vacuum cleaners B. Vans C. Vitamins D. Windshields

Answer 127

Correct answer: C – Vitamins Explanation: The Vitamins cartel (2001) is among the highest fines imposed.

Question 128

What is the highest priority in the EU waste hierarchy? A. Prevention B. Re-use C. Recycling D. Disposal

Answer 128

Correct answer: A – Prevention Explanation: Waste prevention is the top priority in the EU waste hierarchy.

Question 129

Which country became a member of the European Union on 1 July 2013? A. Bulgaria B. Romania C. Montenegro D. Croatia

Answer 129

Correct answer: D – Croatia Explanation: Croatia became the 28th Member State of the EU on 1 July 2013.

Question 130

The European Commission tabled the draft directive on seasonal clock changes in September 2018. The proposal aimed to: A. Require biannual clock changes B. Fix common dates for clock changes C. End biannual clock changes in all EU Member States D. Define EU time zones

Answer 130

Correct answer: C – End biannual clock changes in all EU Member States Explanation: The proposal aimed to abolish the switch between summer and winter time.

Question 131

The fifth EU energy package, tabled in July 2021, aimed among others to: A. Reduce emissions from cars by 55%, vans by 50%, and set zero emissions for new cars B. Privatise national energy monopolies C. Introduce competition for domestic consumers D. IntroduAvoid

Answer 131

Correct answer: A – Reduce emissions from cars by 55%, vans by 50%, and set zero emissions for new cars Explanation: The package aligned energy policy with the European Green Deal.

Question 132

In the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, which of the following is NOT identified as a threat? A. Forest fires B. Food insecurity C. Diseases D. Economic growth and development

Answer 132

Correct answer: D – Economic growth and development Explanation: The strategy focuses on environmental and health-related threats.

Question 133

Which statement correctly describes the European Semester? A. A nine-month period B. Review of Member States’ budgetary and structural policies C. Binding Commission decisions D. Harmonisation of national budgets

Answer 133

Correct answer: B – Review of Member States’ budgetary and structural policies Explanation: The Semester reviews policies and provides non-binding recommendations.

Question 134

Which treaty gave the European Parliament the right to reject the EU budget as a whole? A. Budgetary Treaty 1970 B. Budgetary Treaty 1975 C. Single European Act D. Lisbon Treaty

Answer 134

Correct answer: B – Budgetary Treaty 1975 Explanation: It strengthened the Parliament’s role in EU financial governance.

Question 135

In line with EU climate objectives, heavy-duty vehicles should reduce emissions by what percentage by 2040 (compared to 2019)? A. 90% B. 45% C. 65% D. 15%

Answer 135

Correct answer: A – 90% Explanation: Targets are 45% by 2030, 65% by 2035, and 90% by 2040.

Question 136

What is the main destination for EU waste exports? A. Morocco B. India C. Türkiye D. Egypt

Answer 136

Correct answer: C – Türkiye Explanation: Türkiye was the largest destination in 2022.

Question 137

Within the EU Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade, DNS4EU aims to provide: A. IoT best practices platform B. Cyberattack detection tool C. A European DNS service D. Expert opinions

Answer 137

Correct answer: C – A European DNS service Explanation: DNS4EU supports digital sovereignty and data protection.

Question 138

European Union Intergovernmental Conferences are convened by the: A. Commission President B. Parliament President C. European Council President D. Majority of Heads of State

Answer 138

Correct answer: C – European Council President Explanation: IGCs are convened to negotiate treaty changes.

Question 139

The European Union legislation guaranteeing uniform protections and rights regarding digital information held on European individuals is known as the: A. Digital Rights Act B. The European Data Privacy Directive (EDPD) C. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) D. The Privacy Regulation

Answer 139

Correct answer: C – The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Explanation: The GDPR was adopted in 2016 and entered into application in May 2018. It sets out rights of individuals and obligations for those processing personal data.

Question 140

Which of the following statements is correct about the European Court of Auditors? A. Drafts EU budget priorities with the Commission B. Ensures the safety of the European banking system C. Reviews EU income and spending to check funds are correctly spent D. Investigates maladministration

Answer 140

Correct answer: C – Reviews EU income and spending to check funds are correctly spent Explanation: The ECA audits EU revenue and expenditure and reports to the Parliament and the Council.

Question 141

Which intergovernmental EU policy-making method is achieved through statistics and benchmarking? A. The open method of coordination B. The discharge procedure C. The ordinary legislative procedure D. The consultation procedure

Answer 141

Correct answer: A – The open method of coordination Explanation: The OMC relies on indicators, benchmarking and peer review in non-legislative areas.

Question 142

When the Council votes by qualified majority, a blocking minority requires at least: A. 3 members representing 45% of the population B. 4 members representing at least 35% of the population C. 4 members representing at least 45% of the population D. 6 members representing 55% of the population

Answer 142

Correct answer: B – 4 members representing at least 35% of the population Explanation: Under QMV rules, a blocking minority must include at least four Member States representing over 35% of the EU population.

Question 143

Which EU institution provides the European Parliament and the Council with a statement of assurance on EU accounts? A. European Central Bank B. European Commission C. European Banking Authority D. European Court of Auditors

Answer 143

Correct answer: D – European Court of Auditors Explanation: Article 287 TFEU tasks the ECA with providing the statement of assurance.

Question 144

The High Representative/Vice-President of the Commission is responsible for: A. Chairing European Council meetings B. Holding the EU seat at the UN Security Council C. Coordinating the Commission’s work on EU external relations D. Chairing the General Affairs Council

Answer 144

Correct answer: C – Coordinating the Commission’s work on EU external relations Explanation: The High Representative coordinates external action as a Vice-President of the Commission.

Question 145

Between 2012 and 2022, which EU country registered the largest decrease in final energy consumption? A. Netherlands B. Germany C. Malta D. Spain

Answer 145

Correct answer: A – Netherlands Explanation: The Netherlands recorded the largest decrease in final energy consumption.

Question 146

Which European Commission home affairs fund is involved in the fight against human trafficking? A. Border Management and Visa Policy Instrument B. European Anti-Trafficking Network C. Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund D. Internal Security Fund

Answer 146

Correct answer: D – Internal Security Fund Explanation: The ISF supports actions against human trafficking and organised crime.

Question 147

Which treaty gave the European Parliament the final word on non-compulsory expenditure? A. Merger Treaty 1965 B. Budgetary Treaty 1970 C. Budgetary Treaty 1975 D. Single European Act

Answer 147

Correct answer: B – Budgetary Treaty 1970 Explanation: The 1970 Treaty granted Parliament final say on non-compulsory expenditure.

Question 148

According to Rule 218 of the European Parliament’s Rules of Procedure, a committee may validly vote when: A. One-quarter of its members are present B. One-third of its members are present C. One-half of its members are present D. Two-thirds of its members are present

Answer 148

Correct answer: A – One-quarter of its members are present Explanation: Rule 218 allows valid voting when one-quarter of members are present.

Question 149

In which of the following countries is voting in the European elections compulsory? A. France B. Germany C. Italy D. Belgium

Answer 149

Correct answer: D – Belgium Explanation: Voting is compulsory in several EU Member States, including Belgium. The obligation also applies to registered non-national EU citizens residing there.

Question 150

Which EU country has the lowest share of Internet users protecting their personal data? A. Belgium B. Romania C. Cyprus D. Czechia

Answer 150

Correct answer: B – Romania Explanation: In 2023, Romania recorded the lowest share of individuals taking steps to protect their personal data online.

Question 151

The structure of the Court of Justice of the European Union consists of: A. 27 Judges, each appointed for a renewable six-year term of office B. 27 General Court members, each appointed for a renewable five-year term of office C. 27 advocates-general, each appointed for a renewable five-year term of office D. 27 judges, each appointed for a renewable five-year term of office

Answer 151

Correct answer: A – 27 Judges, each appointed for a renewable six-year term of office Explanation: The Court of Justice is composed of 27 Judges and 11 Advocates General, appointed for renewable six-year terms.

Question 152

Which European politician proposed the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1950? A. Louise Weiss B. Robert Schuman C. Paul Henri Spaak D. Jean Monnet

Answer 152

Correct answer: B – Robert Schuman Explanation: The Schuman Declaration of May 1950 laid the foundation for the European Coal and Steel Community.

Question 153

The procedure whereby the European Commission may delegate the adoption of management or administrative measures to Directors-General and Heads of Department is known as the: A. Secondment procedure B. Delegation procedure C. Empowerment procedure D. Oral procedure

Answer 153

Correct answer: B – Delegation procedure Explanation: Under the Commission’s Rules of Procedure, management and administrative measures may be adopted by delegation.

Question 154

What is the second biggest expenditure of the EU budget? A. Single Market B. Cohesion C. Security and Defence D. Natural resources and Environment

Answer 154

Correct answer: D – Natural resources and Environment Explanation: After cohesion spending, the second-largest EU budget heading concerns natural resources and the environment.

Question 155

How long is the term of office of the President of the European Court of Justice and the President of the General Court? A. 3 years and 6 years B. 6 years and 3 years C. 6 years and 6 years D. 3 years and 3 years

Answer 155

Correct answer: D – 3 years and 3 years Explanation: Presidents of both courts are elected from among the judges for a renewable three-year term.

Question 156

How are European Election Observation Missions deployed? A. At the initiative of the EEAS B. At the initiative of the European Parliament C. At the express invitation of the host country D. At the invitation of the OSCE

Answer 156

Correct answer: C – At the express invitation of the host country Explanation: EU Election Observation Missions are deployed only following an invitation by the host country.

Question 157

Which European Union country imports the most honey? A. Germany B. Hungary C. Belgium D. France

Answer 157

Correct answer: A – Germany Explanation: Germany is the largest importer of honey from outside the EU.

Question 158

Which of the following European Union policies is covered by the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement? A. Customs Union B. Common Foreign and Security Policy C. Consumer Protection D. Monetary Union

Answer 158

Correct answer: C – Consumer Protection Explanation: The EEA Agreement covers the internal market, including consumer protection, but excludes policies such as CFSP and EMU.

Question 159

In the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which of the following best describes the EU’s approach to assisting Ukraine? A. Concentrating exclusively on military aid to reinforce security and defense. B. Reducing financial support to prioritize internal economic stability within the EU. C. Focusing solely on diplomatic negotiations without direct financial or military contributions. D. Providing a combination of financial, military, humanitarian, and refugee assistance to support Ukraine’s recovery and reconstruction.

Answer 159

Correct answer: D – Providing a combination of financial, military, humanitarian, and refugee assistance Explanation: Since the start of the war, the EU and its Member States have provided extensive financial, military, humanitarian, and refugee assistance to support Ukraine’s recovery, reconstruction, and reform efforts.

Question 160

Which institution of the European Union is responsible for drafting and proposing the Multi-Annual Financial Frameworks? A. The European Commission B. The Council of Ministers C. The European Parliament D. The European Central Bank

Answer 160

Correct answer: A – The European Commission Explanation: The European Commission proposes the MFFs, which are then negotiated by the Council and require the consent of the European Parliament.

Question 161

How long is the guarantee for EU purchases which are faulty? A. Two years, even if the fault is minor, such as a small scratch B. One year for online products, two years for others C. Two years maximum, in all EU countries D. Minimum 2 years at no cost, regardless of the purchase method

Answer 161

Correct answer: D – Minimum 2 years at no cost, regardless of the purchase method Explanation: EU consumer law guarantees a minimum two-year guarantee for faulty goods across the EU.

Question 162

When the Council of the European Union votes on a proposal, a Qualified Majority is reached if: A. 65% of Member States and 55% of population B. 55% of Member States and 35% of population C. 55% of Member States and 65% of population D. 65% of Member States and 35% of population

Answer 162

Correct answer: C – 55% of Member States and 65% of population Explanation: This is the double majority rule under the Lisbon Treaty.

Question 163

What does the EU “FDI” screening regulation pertain to? A. Foreign Debt Instrument B. Financial Development Index C. Free Trade Instrument D. Foreign Direct Investment

Answer 163

Correct answer: D – Foreign Direct Investment Explanation: The FDI screening regulation establishes EU-level coordination on foreign investments.

Question 164

What European Commission service is responsible for operational expenditures in the area of EU external action? A. Service for External Action Instruments B. Service for Foreign Policy Investments C. Service for Foreign Policy Instruments D. Service for External Expenditure

Answer 164

Correct answer: C – Service for Foreign Policy Instruments Explanation: The FPI manages operational spending in EU external action.

Question 165

What is the informal name of the Regulation governing Member States’ obligations to guarantee free movement of goods? A. Cassis de Dijon Regulation B. Apple Regulation C. Strawberry Regulation D. Marshmallow Regulation

Answer 165

Correct answer: C – Strawberry Regulation Explanation: Regulation (EC) No 2679/98 is commonly called the Strawberry Regulation.

Question 166

Draft budgetary plans are prepared each year and submitted to the European Commission by: A. Countries under Excessive Deficit Procedure B. Non-euro area countries C. Euro area countries D. All EU Member States

Answer 166

Correct answer: C – Euro area countries Explanation: Euro area countries submit draft budgetary plans annually to the Commission.

Question 167

What is the method for an organisation to commit to the European Alliance for Apprenticeships (EAfA)? A. Through a pledge B. Through a donation C. Through a survey D. Through sectoral cooperation

Answer 167

Correct answer: A – Through a pledge Explanation: Organisations formally commit to EAfA objectives through pledges.

Question 168

Within the Better Regulation paradigm, what does “backward engineering” refer to? A. Increasing quality of analysis B. Ensuring credibility of impact assessments C. Providing evidence for policy redesign D. Performing problem analysis with a specific policy option already in mind

Answer 168

Correct answer: D – Performing problem analysis with a specific policy option already in mind Explanation: Backward engineering undermines proper impact assessment by starting with a pre-selected solution.

Question 169

Which European Union institution has the right to set interest rates in the Eurozone? A. None, only the Member States are allowed to set their national interest rates B. The European Central Bank C. The Eurogroup of Finance Ministers D. The European Commission

Answer 169

Correct answer: B – The European Central Bank Explanation: The European Central Bank sets key interest rates in the euro area, controls money supply and inflation, manages foreign currency reserves, authorises euro banknotes and ensures price stability.

Question 170

The Foreign Affairs Council is chaired by: A. The President of the Council of Ministers trio B. The European Commission President C. The High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy D. The Minister for Foreign Affairs for the Presidency of the European Council

Answer 170

Correct answer: C – The High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Explanation: The Foreign Affairs Council is chaired by the High Representative, assisted by the EEAS.

Question 171

What did the EU achieve in 2022 thanks to REPowerEU? A. Replaced all Russian gas in 6 months B. Filled gas storage to record levels (over 95% in November) C. Cut gas consumption by 70% D. Tripled renewable deployment

Answer 171

Correct answer: B – Filled gas storage to record levels (over 95% in November) Explanation: REPowerEU helped replace over 80% of Russian pipeline gas, fill storage above 95%, reduce consumption by 20% and boost renewables by over 40%.

Question 172

According to the European Framework for Action on Cultural Heritage, cultural heritage should be addressed through: A. Many other EU policies beyond culture B. Strictly culture policies C. Mainly culture policies with few exceptions D. Many other EU policies excluding digital policies

Answer 172

Correct answer: A – Many other EU policies beyond culture Explanation: Cultural heritage is mainstreamed across sustainability, tourism, research, digital, education and other EU policies.

Question 173

The European Commission has the power to: A. Sign international treaties B. Manage the European Union’s budget C. Organise EU summits D. Interpret EU law

Answer 173

Correct answer: B – Manage the European Union’s budget Explanation: The Commission proposes legislation, monitors implementation and manages the EU budget.

Question 174

What is the “back-to-back” process in Better Regulation? A. Evaluations and impact assessments launched sequentially B. Impact assessments before evaluations C. Evaluations and impact assessments launched together D. A mandatory interview phase

Answer 174

Correct answer: C – Evaluations and impact assessments launched together Explanation: When results are urgently needed, evaluations and impact assessments may run in parallel as a single process.

Question 175

Which EU country has the highest share of newly created enterprises? A. Estonia B. Slovakia C. Lithuania D. Romania

Answer 175

Correct answer: C – Lithuania Explanation: Lithuania recorded the highest share of enterprise births in 2021.

Question 176

Which item falls under the EU Directive on single-use plastics prohibitions? A. Plastic paper clips B. Flip flops C. Cigarette butts D. Ball pens

Answer 176

Correct answer: C – Cigarette butts Explanation: Cigarette butts are targeted due to their major environmental impact.

Question 177

What is the purpose of a Green Paper published by the European Commission? A. Set out legislation B. Justify a Commission decision C. Launch interinstitutional negotiations D. Stimulate discussion on EU topics

Answer 177

Correct answer: D – Stimulate discussion on EU topics Explanation: Green Papers invite debate and consultation and may lead to White Papers.

Question 178

What does BEFIT stand for? A. Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation B. Biometric Evaluation for Fit for 55 C. Broadband in Europe for AI Technologies D. Business Excellence Forum

Answer 178

Correct answer: A – Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation Explanation: BEFIT aims to create a single corporate tax rulebook and replace the CCCTB proposal.

Question 179

Which of the following is a priority of the European Commission's strategy for addressing climate change and agricultural resilience in the 2024–2029 mandate? A. Building a competitive and resilient agriculture and food system to secure Europe’s food sovereignty and support farmers B. Increasing agricultural productivity through technological innovation without emphasizing environmental sustainability C. Promoting international trade agreements to enhance food security by relying on global supply chains D. Focusing on urban industrial growth to counteract climate change impacts in rural agricultural areas

Answer 179

Correct answer: A – Building a competitive and resilient agriculture and food system to secure Europe’s food sovereignty and support farmers Explanation: The Commission prioritises climate and agricultural resilience, food sovereignty and support to farmers in the 2024–2029 mandate.

Question 180

On 9 May 1950, the ‘Schuman Declaration’ was instigated and prepared by: A. Louise Weiss B. Paul-Henri Spaak C. Jean Monnet D. Winston Churchill

Answer 180

Correct answer: C – Jean Monnet Explanation: Jean Monnet prepared the Schuman Declaration, which led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community.

Question 181

What is the single entry point for all crisis-related issues in the EEAS? A. The Crisis Response Centre (CRC) B. The Crisis Response Office (CRO) C. The External Crisis Bureau (ECB) D. The External Crisis Centre (ECC)

Answer 181

Correct answer: A – The Crisis Response Centre (CRC) Explanation: Created in 2022, the CRC is the EEAS’s 24/7 crisis response hub.

Question 182

Which EU Member State does not take part in Title V TFEU (Area of Freedom, Security and Justice)? A. Finland B. Denmark C. Greece D. Hungary

Answer 182

Correct answer: B – Denmark Explanation: Denmark has an opt-out from Title V of the TFEU under Protocol No 22.

Question 183

Which institution is responsible for making sure that the EU budget is spent correctly? A. European Parliament B. Council of Ministers C. European Ombudsman D. European Commission

Answer 183

Correct answer: D – European Commission Explanation: The Commission has ultimate responsibility for implementing the EU budget.

Question 184

In July 2024, the EU provided €1.5 billion to Ukraine from: A. Member State contributions B. Proceeds from immobilised Russian assets C. EIB loans D. EU trade tariffs

Answer 184

Correct answer: B – Proceeds from immobilised Russian assets Explanation: The EU used proceeds generated from immobilised Russian assets to support Ukraine.

Question 185

The European Council usually takes decisions by: A. Double weighted majority B. Simple majority C. Consensus D. Unanimity

Answer 185

Correct answer: C – Consensus Explanation: The European Council generally decides by consensus, with some exceptions.

Question 186

Which institution establishes the list of Council configurations by qualified majority? A. European Commission B. European Parliament C. European Council D. Council of the EU

Answer 186

Correct answer: C – European Council Explanation: The European Council sets the Council configurations under Article 236 TFEU.

Question 187

The European Parliament was given the right to approve the Commission President by the: A. Treaty of Lisbon B. Treaty of Nice C. Treaty of Amsterdam D. Maastricht Treaty

Answer 187

Correct answer: C – Treaty of Amsterdam Explanation: The Treaty of Amsterdam (1999) granted this approval power.

Question 188

Which EU system will monitor and record border crossings of non-EU nationals from 2025? A. SIS II B. ETIAS C. Entry/Exit System (EES) D. VIS

Answer 188

Correct answer: C – Entry/Exit System (EES) Explanation: The EES will record entry and exit data for non-EU nationals crossing EU borders.

Question 189

Sir Winston Churchill is seen as an EU pioneer (founding father) because he… A. Called for the establishment of a ‘European Economic and Military Superstate’ in a speech in Fulton, Missouri in 1946 B. Called for a ‘United States of Europe’ in a speech in Zurich in 1946 C. Proposed UK membership of the European Coal and Steel Community D. Promised the UK would act as guardians of peace against the Soviet Union

Answer 189

Correct answer: B – Called for a ‘United States of Europe’ in a speech in Zurich in 1946 Explanation: In Zurich in 1946, Winston Churchill called for a ‘United States of Europe’. He supported European unity but did not propose UK membership of the ECSC.

Question 190

Protocols 1 and 2 of the Treaty on the European Union define the role of national parliaments, in particular their right to check compliance of draft EU legislation with which principle? A. Fundamental rights B. Equality before the law C. Legal certainty D. Subsidiarity

Answer 190

Correct answer: D – Subsidiarity Explanation: Protocols No 1 and 2 grant national parliaments the right to monitor compliance with the subsidiarity principle.

Question 191

In July 2020, which EU Member States benefited from lump-sum rebates reducing their GNI-based contributions? A. Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria, Sweden, and Germany B. United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland, and Germany C. United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Austria, Sweden, and Germany D. Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Austria

Answer 191

Correct answer: A – Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria, Sweden, and Germany Explanation: For 2021–2027, these five Member States retained lump-sum rebates on GNI-based contributions.

Question 192

Who is responsible for appointing the Judge-Rapporteurs of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)? A. The President of the CJEU B. The Presidents of the European Commission and Council C. The Presidents of the European Parliament and Council D. The President of the European Parliament

Answer 192

Correct answer: A – The President of the CJEU Explanation: The President appoints a Judge-Rapporteur to oversee the progress of a case.

Question 193

What were the results of the Conference on the Future of Europe (COFEU)? A. 49 proposals were submitted to the EU institutions B. 95% of proposals became binding law C. A permanent EP citizen task force was created D. 25 new EU economic measures were adopted

Answer 193

Correct answer: A – 49 proposals were submitted to the EU institutions Explanation: COFEU concluded in May 2022 with 49 proposals and over 300 measures.

Question 194

Under Directive 2014/60/EU, how long does an EU country have to determine whether a discovered cultural object is a national treasure? A. 12 months B. 3 months C. 6 months D. 1 month

Answer 194

Correct answer: C – 6 months Explanation: Once alerted, a Member State has six months to determine whether the object is a national treasure.

Question 195

Which initiative related to transport was announced in the EU Commission 2023 Work Programme? A. Fuel tax on private SUVs B. Tolls on all highways C. Improving urban public transport D. Greening corporate fleets

Answer 195

Correct answer: D – Greening corporate fleets Explanation: The Commission announced an initiative on greening corporate fleets as part of sustainable transport policy.

Question 196

The Paris Agreement seeks to limit global warming to: A. Well below 1°C B. Well below 1.5°C C. Well below 2°C D. Well below 3°C

Answer 196

Correct answer: C – Well below 2°C Explanation: The Agreement aims to keep warming well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels.

Question 197

Under Article 314 TFEU, in the third phase of the EU budgetary procedure, which institution acts first? A. European Economic and Social Committee B. European Parliament C. Council of Ministers D. Trilogue Committee

Answer 197

Correct answer: B – European Parliament Explanation: Parliament has 42 days to approve or amend the Council’s position.

Question 198

Which EU institution provides the negotiating mandate authorising trade negotiations with third countries? A. European Commission B. Member States individually C. Council of the European Union D. Council and European Parliament jointly

Answer 198

Correct answer: C – Council of the European Union Explanation: The Council authorises the Commission to open negotiations and may set negotiating directives.

Question 199

The Banking Union was created in 2014 in order to address the failings that result from: A. The 2008 Financial crisis and subsequent Sovereign Debt crisis B. The 1992 Black Wednesday crisis C. The 1972 oil embargo and energy crisis D. The 1998–2000 dot-com crash

Answer 199

Correct answer: A – The 2008 Financial crisis and subsequent Sovereign Debt crisis Explanation: The Banking Union was created in response to weaknesses revealed by the 2008 financial crisis and the euro area sovereign debt crisis.

Question 200

Which European politician is best known for the quote: “Europe will not be made all at once…”? A. Louise Weiss B. Konrad Adenauer C. Robert Schuman D. Walter Hallstein

Answer 200

Correct answer: C – Robert Schuman Explanation: The quote comes from the Schuman Declaration of 9 May 1950, the founding act of European integration.

Question 201

When a country joins the EU, the economic accession criteria require: A. A functioning market economy B. Inflation below 3% C. Debt-to-GDP below 60% D. Stable exchange rates

Answer 201

Correct answer: A – A functioning market economy Explanation: This is part of the Copenhagen criteria. The other options are Maastricht convergence criteria.

Question 202

What are animal by-products? A. Materials of animal origin animals do not consume B. Materials of animal origin people do not consume C. Materials of animal origin people consume D. Materials that cannot be fertilisers

Answer 202

Correct answer: B – Materials of animal origin people do not consume Explanation: Animal by-products are materials of animal origin not intended for human consumption.

Question 203

What does the European Climate Law do? A. Sets a legally binding climate-neutrality target on Member States B. Sets a binding target on the Commission only C. Sets targets on trading partners D. Implements the Paris Agreement directly

Answer 203

Correct answer: A – Sets a legally binding climate-neutrality target on Member States Explanation: The European Climate Law makes the EU’s climate-neutrality objective legally binding.

Question 204

What definition of “fraud” in the agri-food chain is provided by EU legislation? A. Deception of consumers B. No definition C. Intention to obtain undue advantage D. Violation of agri-food rules

Answer 204

Correct answer: B – No definition Explanation: EU law does not provide a formal legal definition of fraud in the agri-food chain.

Question 205

Which measure protects vulnerable consumers in the reformed EU electricity market? A. Suppliers of last resort B. Discounted prices for social groups C. Renewable-only electricity D. Preferential balancing

Answer 205

Correct answer: A – Suppliers of last resort Explanation: Ensuring suppliers of last resort guarantees electricity access if a supplier fails.

Question 206

Which judgment clarified that EU law forms a new legal order with primacy over national law? A. Van Gend & Loos B. Costa v ENEL C. Von Colson D. Factortame

Answer 206

Correct answer: B – Costa v ENEL Explanation: Costa v ENEL established the primacy of EU law over national law.

Question 207

According to Article 242 TFEU, which institution must be consulted before the Council sets committee rules? A. European Council B. Court of Justice C. European Parliament D. European Commission

Answer 207

Correct answer: D – European Commission Explanation: Article 242 TFEU requires consultation of the Commission.

Question 208

How is the share of renewable electricity expected to evolve from 2020 to 2030? A. From 37% to over 60% B. From 25% to 50% C. From 25% to 45% D. From 37% to over 70%

Answer 208

Correct answer: A – From 37% to over 60% Explanation: EU projections show strong growth in renewable electricity, particularly solar and wind.

Question 209

Which of the following European Union institutions has “representations” across the European Union? A. The European Parliament B. The European Commission C. The European Council D. The Council of the European Union

Answer 209

Correct answer: B – The European Commission Explanation: The European Commission maintains Representations in all EU Member States, acting as its local presence for communication, coordination and political reporting.

Question 210

As part of the European Green Deal, the proposed Just Transition Fund supports: A. Oil and gas regions identify new markets outside the EU B. Renewable energy regions investing in nuclear power plants C. Oil and gas regions maintaining production D. Coal and carbon-intensive regions transitioning to low-carbon energy

Answer 210

Correct answer: D – Coal and carbon-intensive regions transitioning to low-carbon energy Explanation: The JTF supports regions most affected by the transition to climate neutrality through diversification, reskilling and SME support.

Question 211

Which outcome results from rural development measures under the second pillar of the CAP? A. International trade rules B. Boosting rural areas through connectivity and basic services C. Agricultural market intervention rules D. Sector-specific market support

Answer 211

Correct answer: B – Boosting rural areas through connectivity and basic services Explanation: The second pillar of the CAP focuses on rural development, resilience and long-term sustainability.

Question 212

Which funding mechanism is included in the Clean Industrial Deal to support industrial decarbonisation? A. Agricultural Subsidy Programme B. Defence Research Fund C. Digital Transformation Grant D. Innovation Fund

Answer 212

Correct answer: D – Innovation Fund Explanation: The Innovation Fund is strengthened to support clean manufacturing and industrial decarbonisation.

Question 213

Delegated acts: A. Are legislative acts of specific application B. Can only be adopted if a legislative act delegates powers C. May replace an entire legislative act D. Enter into force even if Parliament or Council objects

Answer 213

Correct answer: B – Can only be adopted if a legislative act delegates powers Explanation: Delegated acts are non-legislative acts that supplement or amend non-essential elements of legislation.

Question 214

What is the European Commission’s online platform for sanitary and phytosanitary certification? A. RASFF B. EFSA C. EUROPHYT D. TRACES

Answer 214

Correct answer: D – TRACES Explanation: TRACES is used for SPS certification for imports, intra-EU trade and exports.

Question 215

The Single Notification Window launched in 2023 aims to gather information about: A. Member States’ notification obligations B. Rapid alert systems C. Competition law notifications D. Penalty provisions

Answer 215

Correct answer: A – Member States’ notification obligations Explanation: It centralises all information on notification obligations towards the Commission.

Question 216

Which statement correctly describes buildings’ impact on energy consumption and emissions in the EU? A. 25% energy, 20% emissions B. 40% energy, 36% emissions C. 60% energy, 55% emissions D. 10% energy, 6% emissions

Answer 216

Correct answer: B – 40% energy, 36% emissions Explanation: Buildings are the largest energy consumers and a major emissions source in the EU.

Question 217

Under qualified majority voting, when a Member State abstains, their vote: A. Does not count B. Counts as a vote against C. Counts as a vote in favour if split D. Abstention is not allowed

Answer 217

Correct answer: B – Counts as a vote against Explanation: Under QMV, abstentions are counted as votes against when assessing the required majority.

Question 218

Members of the European Court of Auditors are appointed for a term of: A. 4 years B. 5 years C. 6 years D. 8 years

Answer 218

Correct answer: C – 6 years Explanation: Members are appointed for a renewable six-year term under the EU Treaties.

Question 219

The alert mechanism report identifies in which Member States the macroeconomic situation may warrant a further in-depth review. The report is issued in November by: A. The European Economic and Social Committee B. The European Parliament Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee C. The European Commission D. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Answer 219

Correct answer: C – The European Commission Explanation: The Alert Mechanism Report is issued by the European Commission every November as part of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure within the European Semester.

Question 220

The ‘principle of collegiality’ applies within the European Commission’s College of Commissioners. This principle means that: A. Commissioners holding the portfolio have the casting vote B. The President votes first, followed by Vice-Presidents C. Each Commissioner votes in line with national interests D. Each of the 27 Commissioners carries the same weight in decision-making

Answer 220

Correct answer: D – Each of the 27 Commissioners carries the same weight in decision-making Explanation: Under collegiality, all Commissioners have equal voting weight and share collective responsibility for decisions.

Question 221

According to Article 240(2) TFEU and Article 23(1) of the Council Rules of Procedure, the General Secretariat: A. Is at the service of the Member States B. Decides on its own organisation C. Is independent and impartial with regard to Council members and Presidency D. No longer assists the European Council

Answer 221

Correct answer: C – Is independent and impartial with regard to Council members and Presidency Explanation: The General Secretariat assists the Council and its preparatory bodies and remains independent and impartial.

Question 222

Following the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, what happened to the European Parliament’s number of seats? A. 73 seats were redistributed B. The total number of seats was reduced from 751 to 705 C. 70 seats were cut D. Northern Irish seats were retained

Answer 222

Correct answer: B – The total number of seats was reduced from 751 to 705 Explanation: After Brexit, the Parliament’s total number of seats was reduced to 705.

Question 223

Which European Union institution has the exclusive mandate to negotiate international trade agreements with non-EU countries? A. European Council B. Council of the European Union C. European Commission D. European Parliament

Answer 223

Correct answer: C – European Commission Explanation: Member States have conferred exclusive competence for trade negotiations to the European Commission.

Question 224

The European Union’s External Action Service (EEAS) has diplomatic representations within which international organisation? A. Union of South American Nations B. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) C. Arctic Council D. NATO

Answer 224

Correct answer: B – Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Explanation: The EEAS maintains a diplomatic representation to ASEAN.

Question 225

Regarding GAEC standards under the CAP, which soil protection requirement applies? A. Crop rotation on all farms of at least 10 hectares B. 10% non-productive land on all farms C. Increasing women participation D. Crop diversification on all farms of at least 5 hectares

Answer 225

Correct answer: A – Crop rotation on all farms of at least 10 hectares Explanation: The new CAP requires crop rotation on farms of at least 10 hectares to protect soil quality.

Question 226

At European level, the profession of “researcher” is: A. Not yet clearly and commonly defined B. Fully recognised and comparable C. Clearly defined D. Free from gender inequalities

Answer 226

Correct answer: A – Not yet clearly and commonly defined Explanation: There is still no common EU-wide definition of the researcher profession.

Question 227

Which Treaty on the Functioning of the EU article sets out the Ordinary Legislative Procedure? A. Article 352 B. Article 294 C. Article 1(2) D. Article 292

Answer 227

Correct answer: B – Article 294 Explanation: Article 294 TFEU lays down the steps of the Ordinary Legislative Procedure.

Question 228

How is the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) also known? A. EU-Iran Nuclear deal B. Iran Nuclear deal C. Iran-Europe Aid deal D. Iran Humanitarian deal

Answer 228

Correct answer: B – Iran Nuclear deal Explanation: The JCPOA is commonly referred to as the Iran Nuclear deal.

Question 229

According to Article 236 TFEU, which institution is allowed to change the list of Council configurations? A. The European Commission B. The European Court of Justice C. The European Council D. The European Parliament

Answer 229

Correct answer: C – The European Council Explanation: Under Article 236 TFEU, the European Council adopts by qualified majority the decision establishing the list of Council configurations.

Question 230

Which of the following statements regarding the obligations and disclosure requirements of EU staff is correct? A. EU staff may prioritise personal interests if declared afterwards B. EU staff are not required to disclose personal interests C. EU staff must seek approval for outside activities and notify their institution of spouse’s employment and relevant personal interests D. EU staff must only declare paid external activities

Answer 230

Correct answer: C – EU staff must seek approval for outside activities and notify their institution of spouse’s employment and relevant personal interests Explanation: EU staff must obtain authorisation for any outside activities and declare any interests that could affect their independence.

Question 231

In the event of inability to perform their functions, how are a Director-General’s duties delegated within the European Commission? A. Taken over by the Secretary-General B. Taken over by the Deputy Secretary-General C. Taken over by the most senior Deputy Director-General present, or the eldest if equal seniority D. Taken over by the President of the Commission

Answer 231

Correct answer: C – Taken over by the most senior Deputy Director-General present, or the eldest if equal seniority Explanation: Internal Commission rules provide for succession based on seniority among Deputy Directors-General.

Question 232

When the Council of the European Union votes using qualified majority voting, a blocking minority is achieved with: A. Four members representing more than 55% of the EU population B. Four members representing more than 35% of the EU population C. Six members representing more than 55% of the EU population D. Two members representing more than 35% of the EU population

Answer 232

Correct answer: B – Four members representing more than 35% of the EU population Explanation: A blocking minority requires at least four Member States representing more than 35% of the EU population.

Question 233

Which EU country is the top beer producer? A. Germany B. Czechia C. Poland D. Belgium

Answer 233

Correct answer: A – Germany Explanation: Germany is the largest beer producer in the EU, accounting for over 22% of total EU production.

Question 234

How many climate-neutral and smart cities does the Horizon Europe Mission aim to support by 2030? A. 150 B. 50 C. 100 D. 75

Answer 234

Correct answer: C – 100 Explanation: The Horizon Europe Mission on climate-neutral and smart cities aims to support 100 cities by 2030.

Question 235

Which of the five freedoms is included in the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes? A. Freedom to roam B. Freedom of diversity C. Freedom from hunger and thirst D. Freedom to grow

Answer 235

Correct answer: C – Freedom from hunger and thirst Explanation: The Convention includes freedom from hunger and thirst as one of the five animal welfare freedoms.

Question 236

The EU Product Compliance Network (EUPCN) is composed of representatives from: A. Each major EU manufacturer B. Each EU country and the European Council C. European manufacturers’ organisations and the Commission D. Each EU country and the European Commission

Answer 236

Correct answer: D – Each EU country and the European Commission Explanation: The EUPCN includes representatives from all EU Member States and the European Commission.

Question 237

Which case established the obligation to interpret national law in conformity with EU directives? A. Van Gend & Loos B. Costa v ENEL C. Von Colson and Kamann D. Factortame

Answer 237

Correct answer: C – Von Colson and Kamann Explanation: The CJEU held that national law must be interpreted in conformity with EU directives.

Question 238

What unprecedented commitment did the European Commission make at COP15 in Montreal in 2022? A. Carbon neutrality by 2050 B. A new EU energy grid C. A bee protection initiative D. Doubling EU international biodiversity financing to €7 billion for 2021–2027

Answer 238

Correct answer: D – Doubling EU international biodiversity financing to €7 billion for 2021–2027 Explanation: The Commission pledged to double EU international biodiversity financing at COP15.

Question 239

What is another name for the European Union's Judicial Cooperation Unit? A. Eurojust B. Eurojustice C. Euroline D. Coopjust

Answer 239

Correct answer: A – Eurojust Explanation: Judicial authorities cooperate through the EU’s Judicial Cooperation Unit, Eurojust, to ensure cross-border judicial cooperation.

Question 240

Under the Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP), who makes up the Conciliation Committee? A. A permanent body with members from all EU institutions B. Members of the Cabinets of Commissioners C. Members of the Commission’s Advisory Board D. An equal number of members of the Council (or representatives) and of the European Parliament

Answer 240

Correct answer: D – An equal number of members of the Council (or representatives) and of the European Parliament Explanation: The Conciliation Committee consists of equal numbers of representatives from the Council and the European Parliament, with the Commission acting as mediator.

Question 241

Who may bring a case before the Court of Justice of the European Union when a Member State fails to fulfil an obligation under the Treaties? A. The European Commission only B. The European Commission or the European Parliament C. The European Commission or another Member State D. The European Council or the European Parliament

Answer 241

Correct answer: C – The European Commission or another Member State Explanation: Articles 258 and 259 TFEU allow the Commission or a Member State to bring infringement proceedings.

Question 242

Who has the right to petition the European Parliament under Articles 24 and 227 TFEU? A. Every Member State of the EU B. Every citizen of the European Union C. Every citizen of the EU and the EEA D. Every Member State of the EU and the EEA

Answer 242

Correct answer: B – Every citizen of the European Union Explanation: Every EU citizen may petition the European Parliament on matters within EU competence that affect them directly.

Question 243

In the Single Market for goods, conformity assessment is complementary to: A. The single notification window B. Notified bodies C. Market surveillance D. The Blue Guide

Answer 243

Correct answer: C – Market surveillance Explanation: Conformity assessment ensures compliance before market placement, while market surveillance checks compliance after placement.

Question 244

According to Eurostat, which sector received the largest share of environmental protection investments in the EU in 2023? A. Air protection B. Wastewater and waste management services C. Protection against radiation D. Biodiversity and landscape protection

Answer 244

Correct answer: B – Wastewater and waste management services Explanation: Wastewater and waste management accounted for the largest share of environmental protection investments in 2023.

Question 245

According to the European Commission’s Chief Economists’ note, how large are the macroeconomic impacts of EU external trade policy compared to other drivers of economic activity? A. Irrelevant B. Medium C. Big D. Small

Answer 245

Correct answer: D – Small Explanation: Due to the size of the EU internal market, the macroeconomic effects of external trade policy are relatively small.

Question 246

How many cases of cancer in the EU are estimated to be preventable? A. All cases B. 70% C. 65% D. 40%

Answer 246

Correct answer: D – 40% Explanation: Around 40% of cancer cases in the EU are considered preventable through effective prevention policies.

Question 247

According to Eurostat, which EU Member State had the highest trade deficit in goods in 2022? A. France B. Spain C. The Netherlands D. Ireland

Answer 247

Correct answer: A – France Explanation: France recorded the highest trade deficit in goods in 2022.

Question 248

Under Article 290 TFEU, which institution(s) may revoke the delegation of powers to adopt delegated acts? A. The European Commission B. The European Parliament and the Council of the EU C. The European Parliament and the European Council D. The European Council

Answer 248

Correct answer: B – The European Parliament and the Council of the EU Explanation: Article 290 TFEU provides that both the European Parliament and the Council may revoke a delegation of powers.

Question 249

Following the war on Ukraine, the Commission made a proposal to increase the EU’s 2030 target for renewables in which initiative? A. Fit for 55 B. RePowerEU C. NextGeneration EU D. EU Solar Energy Strategy

Answer 249

B. RePowerEU

Question 250

European citizens’ initiative (ECI) allows citizens to call on which European Union institution to propose legislation? A. The European Commission B. The European Parliament C. The Council of the European Union D. The European Council

Answer 250

A. The European Commission

Question 251

Under the examination procedure for implementing acts, if the comitology committee’s opinion is positive, who adopts the act? A. European Parliament and Council B. European Commission C. No adoption possible D. Act must be withdrawn

Answer 251

B. European Commission

Question 252

Which EU initiative calls for a faster roll-out of large heat pumps for district heating and cooling networks? A. EU ETS B. Winter Package C. REPowerEU plan D. NextGenerationEU

Answer 252

C. REPowerEU plan

Question 253

Altiero Spinelli is notably recognised for having: A. Established the Federalist Movement in Italy B. Drafted a roadmap for EMU C. Campaigned for cultural cooperation D. Drafted a plan for a common market

Answer 253

A. Established the Federalist Movement in Italy

Question 254

Which article of the TFEU prohibits agreements between independent market operators that restrict competition? A. Article 101 B. Article 102 C. Article 107 D. Article 108

Answer 254

A. Article 101

Question 255

How many countries does the EURAXESS – Researchers in Motion platform include? A. 9 B. 43 C. 27 D. 14

Answer 255

B. 43

Question 256

How many trees does the EU Forest Strategy for 2030 aim to plant by 2030? A. 3 billion B. 6 billion C. 9 billion D. 12 billion

Answer 256

A. 3 billion

Question 257

According to the revised Renewable Energy Directive, what is the new EU binding renewable target? A. 32% B. 45% C. 42.5% D. 39%

Answer 257

C. 42.5%

Question 258

Regarding digitalisation of justice systems, how many EU Member States allow distance communication in court procedures? A. Half B. Less than one third C. All D. None

Answer 258

B. Less than one third

Question 259

The direct applicability of European Union law to national law means that: A. EU law confers rights and obligations directly on EU institutions, Member States and citizens B. EU law confers rights and obligations directly on EU institutions only C. EU law confers rights and obligations directly on EU institutions and Member States D. EU law confers rights and obligations on EU institutions, Member States, citizens and third countries

Answer 259

A. EU law confers rights and obligations directly on EU institutions, Member States and citizens

Question 260

Which EU institution provides impetus to the EU and sets its political priorities? A. Council of the European Union B. European Council C. European Parliament D. European Commission

Answer 260

B. European Council

Question 261

The President of the European Council is elected for: A. 2 years B. 2.5 years C. 5 years D. 7 years

Answer 261

B. 2.5 years

Question 262

The Van Gend & Loos case concerned which policy area? A. Environment policy B. Customs duties C. Free movement of workers D. Equal pay between men and women

Answer 262

B. Customs duties

Question 263

During the second reading of the OLP in Parliament, amendments to the Council position are admissible if they seek to: A. Restore the Council’s second-reading position B. Reach a compromise with the Commission C. Amend parts differing from the initial Commission proposal D. Take account of the Parliament’s first reading only

Answer 263

C. Amend parts differing from the initial Commission proposal

Question 264

Under the advisory comitology procedure, the committee’s opinion is: A. Binding on the Commission B. Non-binding on the Commission C. Binding if unanimous D. Binding if QMV

Answer 264

B. Non-binding on the Commission

Question 265

Under the Digital Services Act, a platform is designated as very large above which threshold? A. 10 million users B. 45 million users C. 70 million users D. 100 million users

Answer 265

B. 45 million users

Question 266

Who is responsible for implementing EU sanctions? A. European Commission B. EU Member States C. Council of the EU D. European Council

Answer 266

B. EU Member States

Question 267

The Schengen provisions establish common rules notably for: A. EU identity cards B. Long-term visas C. European border police force D. Judicial cooperation and enforcement of criminal judgments

Answer 267

D. Judicial cooperation and enforcement of criminal judgments

Question 268

Economic Partnership Agreements primarily: A. Apply to all ACP countries B. Exclude flexible rules of origin C. Open EU markets immediately to partners D. Are less ambitious than FTAs

Answer 268

C. Open EU markets immediately to partners

Question 269

The Circular Economy and the 2018 Circular Economy Package sought: A. The promotion of reuse and recycling and redesign of products to reduce waste B. The promotion of energy efficiency in buildings C. The promotion of blockchain technology in healthcare D. The promotion of organic farming practices in agriculture

Answer 269

A. The promotion of reuse and recycling and redesign of products to reduce waste

Question 270

What is the Critical Medicines Alliance? A. An association of critical medicines producers B. A consultative mechanism to strengthen the supply of critical medicines in the EU C. A not-for-profit organisation of patients D. An expert group advising the Commission

Answer 270

B. A consultative mechanism to strengthen the supply of critical medicines in the EU

Question 271

What EU Member State initially vetoed the start of North Macedonia's EU membership negotiations? A. Bulgaria B. France C. Greece D. Cyprus

Answer 271

C. Greece

Question 272

Which Commission portfolio in the 2024–2029 mandate focuses on emissions reduction, clean energy and sustainable growth? A. Environment, Water Resilience and Circular Economy B. Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth C. Energy and Housing D. Sustainable Transport and Tourism

Answer 272

B. Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth

Question 273

In the EU, an agreement maintaining special links with non-EU countries is called: A. Trade Stabilisation Agreement B. Association Agreement C. Bilateral Relations Agreement D. Pre-Membership Agreement

Answer 273

B. Association Agreement

Question 274

EU resolutions expressing jointly held views may be issued by: A. The European Commission only B. The European Parliament, European Council and Council of the EU C. European Council and Council of the EU only D. The European Parliament only

Answer 274

B. The European Parliament, European Council and Council of the EU

Question 275

The Common Organisation of the Markets (CMO) under the CAP provides frameworks for: A. Intervention prices below which products may be purchased B. Import bans on agricultural products C. Collective labour agreements D. Anti-dumping duties

Answer 275

A. Intervention prices below which products may be purchased

Question 276

Under Article 247 TFEU, which institution can compulsorily retire a Member of the Commission? A. European Ombudsman B. European Parliament C. Court of Justice D. College of Commissioners

Answer 276

C. Court of Justice

Question 277

Novel food is defined as food not consumed to a significant degree in the EU before: A. 1997 B. 1957 C. 2007 D. 1907

Answer 277

A. 1997

Question 278

The Voluntary Solidarity Mechanism agreed in June 2022 involves: A. All EU Member States B. 23 EU Member States and associated countries C. Only frontline Member States D. Mandatory relocation quotas

Answer 278

B. 23 EU Member States and associated countries

Question 279

According to Article 17(1) TEU, which EU institution shall promote the general interest of the Union and ensure the application of the Treaties? A. European Council B. European Parliament C. European Commission D. Economic and Social Committee

Answer 279

C. European Commission

Question 280

To ensure uniform conditions for implementing legally binding EU acts, the European Commission is entitled to adopt: A. Non-binding acts B. Supplementary acts C. Delegated acts D. Implementing acts

Answer 280

D. Implementing acts

Question 281

Legislative acts published in the Official Journal (L series) enter into force: A. On the 30th day following the date specified B. On the date of publication C. On the 25th day if no date is specified D. On the date specified, or if none, on the 20th day after publication

Answer 281

D. On the date specified, or if none, on the 20th day after publication

Question 282

Which article of the North Atlantic Treaty enshrines the principle of collective defence? A. Article 2 B. Article 51 C. Article 5 D. Article 14

Answer 282

C. Article 5

Question 283

The EU Air Safety List includes: A. All airlines banned from operating in the EU B. All airlines permitted to operate in the EU C. Airport time slots D. Airline safety reports

Answer 283

A. All airlines banned from operating in the EU

Question 284

Under the revised Effort Sharing Regulation, EU Member States must collectively reduce emissions in ESR sectors by: A. 15% B. 55% C. 35% D. 40%

Answer 284

D. 40%

Question 285

EU-MIDIS II found that Roma ECEC participation rates close to the ET2020 target were observed in: A. Romania and Poland B. Hungary and Spain C. France and Portugal D. Belgium and Bulgaria

Answer 285

B. Hungary and Spain

Question 286

Under the revised EU rail passenger rights rules, each European train must offer at least: A. 2 bicycle spaces B. 4 bicycle spaces C. 6 bicycle spaces D. 8 bicycle spaces

Answer 286

B. 4 bicycle spaces

Question 287

When adopting international agreements under CFSP, which non-legislative procedure applies? A. Consultation procedure B. Open method of coordination C. Agreement procedure D. Consent procedure

Answer 287

A. Consultation procedure

Question 288

Excluding overseas territories, how many time zones does the EU span? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Answer 288

B. 3

Question 289

According to Article 14 of the Treaty on European Union, which of the following applies to the election process for European Parliament representatives? A. Representatives are elected for a 4-year term B. The election uses “first past the post” voting C. The election is by women’s suffrage D. The election is a free and secret ballot

Answer 289

D. The election is a free and secret ballot

Question 290

How long is a Commissioner’s term of office? A. 6 years B. 5 years C. 4 years D. 2.5 years

Answer 290

B. 5 years

Question 291

The European Union’s Constitutional Treaty was rejected in referenda, including one held in which country? A. Spain B. The Netherlands C. Portugal D. Denmark

Answer 291

B. The Netherlands

Question 292

Which European Union institution is responsible for the management of the European Central Bank’s finances? A. The European Court of Auditors B. The Eurogroup of Finance Ministers C. The European Central Bank D. The European Parliament

Answer 292

C. The European Central Bank

Question 293

The procedure whereby the European Commission may empower one or more of its Members to take management or administrative measures on its behalf is known as the: A. Written procedure B. Delegation procedure C. Empowerment procedure D. Oral procedure

Answer 293

C. Empowerment procedure

Question 294

Starting with January 2024, the EU Emissions Trading System covers what percentage of CO₂ emissions that occur from large ships between two EU ports and when ships are within EU ports? A. 15% B. 50% C. 100% D. 25%

Answer 294

C. 100%

Question 295

What is the least expensive EU country for food and non-alcoholic beverages in 2023? A. Romania B. Bulgaria C. Croatia D. Hungary

Answer 295

A. Romania

Question 296

As part of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), which initiative ensures coordination of economic policies between Member States through the European Semester? A. Banking Union B. Economic Union C. Fiscal Union D. Monetary Union

Answer 296

B. Economic Union

Question 297

Which EU strategy aims to address the high energy consumption and emissions of the buildings sector? A. Renovation Wave Strategy B. Heat Pump Strategy C. Passive Insulation Strategy D. New European Bauhaus Strategy

Answer 297

A. Renovation Wave Strategy

Question 298

What is the European Commission's primary source of results from EU-funded research and innovation projects? A. Horizon Europe B. Joint Research Centre C. European Research Area D. CORDIS

Answer 298

D. CORDIS

Question 299

According to Article 14 of the Treaty on European Union, which of the following applies to the election process for European Parliament representatives? A. Representatives are elected for a 4-year term B. The election uses “first past the post” voting C. The election is by women’s suffrage D. The election is a free and secret ballot

Answer 299

D. The election is a free and secret ballot

Question 300

How long is a Commissioner’s term of office? A. 6 years B. 5 years C. 4 years D. 2.5 years

Answer 300

B. 5 years

Question 301

The European Union’s Constitutional Treaty was rejected in referenda, including one held in which country? A. Spain B. The Netherlands C. Portugal D. Denmark

Answer 301

B. The Netherlands

Question 302

Which European Union institution is responsible for the management of the European Central Bank’s finances? A. The European Court of Auditors B. The Eurogroup of Finance Ministers C. The European Central Bank D. The European Parliament

Answer 302

C. The European Central Bank

Question 303

The procedure whereby the European Commission may empower one or more of its Members to take management or administrative measures on its behalf is known as the: A. Written procedure B. Delegation procedure C. Empowerment procedure D. Oral procedure

Answer 303

C. Empowerment procedure

Question 304

Starting with January 2024, the EU Emissions Trading System covers what percentage of CO₂ emissions that occur from large ships between two EU ports and when ships are within EU ports? A. 15% B. 50% C. 100% D. 25%

Answer 304

C. 100%

Question 305

What is the least expensive EU country for food and non-alcoholic beverages in 2023? A. Romania B. Bulgaria C. Croatia D. Hungary

Answer 305

A. Romania

Question 306

As part of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), which initiative ensures coordination of economic policies between Member States through the European Semester? A. Banking Union B. Economic Union C. Fiscal Union D. Monetary Union

Answer 306

B. Economic Union

Question 307

Which EU strategy aims to address the high energy consumption and emissions of the buildings sector? A. Renovation Wave Strategy B. Heat Pump Strategy C. Passive Insulation Strategy D. New European Bauhaus Strategy

Answer 307

A. Renovation Wave Strategy

Question 308

What is the European Commission's primary source of results from EU-funded research and innovation projects? A. Horizon Europe B. Joint Research Centre C. European Research Area D. CORDIS

Answer 308

D. CORDIS

Question 309

What is the main purpose of the Common Market Organisation (CMO) Regulation within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)? A. To set binding environmental targets for all Member States B. To regulate exclusively the wine sector within the EU C. To establish uniform taxation rules for agricultural products across the EU D. To equip agricultural markets with support measures, simplify procedures, and ensure consistency with other CAP regulations

Answer 309

D. To equip agricultural markets with support measures, simplify procedures, and ensure consistency with other CAP regulations

Question 310

Which legislative procedure in the European Union gives the European Parliament and the Council of the EU equal weight? A. Ordinary Legislative Procedure B. Consultation Procedure C. Consent Procedure D. Conciliation Procedure

Answer 310

A. Ordinary Legislative Procedure

Question 311

When did the European Union first impose sanctions on Russia? A. 2020 B. 2008 C. 2022 D. 2014

Answer 311

D. 2014

Question 312

According to the European Commission’s REPowerEU plan, what is the target for renewable hydrogen production within the EU by 2030? A. 10 million tons B. 1 million tons C. 5 million tons D. 20 million tons

Answer 312

A. 10 million tons

Question 313

What is the Have Your Say platform used for? A. Citizens’ initiatives B. Citizen panels C. Youth debate forums D. Collecting stakeholder contributions under Better Regulation

Answer 313

D. Collecting stakeholder contributions under Better Regulation

Question 314

What is the purpose of a White Paper published by the European Commission? A. Launch legislation B. Justify a decision C. Launch a political debate D. Initiate preliminary consultation

Answer 314

C. Launch a political debate

Question 315

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU protects individuals and legal entities against actions: A. By private companies B. By EU institutions C. By individuals D. By non-EU institutions

Answer 315

B. By EU institutions

Question 316

In EU road transport law, cabotage refers to: A. A banned activity B. Unlimited operations C. Limited number of operations in another Member State D. Operations only in neighbouring states

Answer 316

C. Limited number of operations in another Member State

Question 317

Under the “Clean energy for all Europeans” package, the revised 2030 EU energy targets require: A. 32.5% energy efficiency and 32% renewables B. 55% efficiency and 75% renewables C. 12.5% efficiency and 22% renewables D. 75% efficiency and 92% renewables

Answer 317

A. 32.5% energy efficiency and 32% renewables

Question 318

What is the new EU portal for exporters and importers to access trade-related information? A. Access2Markets B. Market Access Database C. EU Customs Trader Portal D. European Customs Information Portal

Answer 318

A. Access2Markets

Question 319

Through which legal tool does the European Union determine the amounts of the annual ceilings on commitment and payment appropriations? A. The EMU stabilisation tool B. The Macroeconomic coordination policy tool C. The multiannual financial framework (MFF) D. The European Semester

Answer 319

C. The multiannual financial framework (MFF)

Question 320

Which configuration of the Council of the European Union meets most frequently? A. Environment B. Education, Youth, Culture and Sport C. General Affairs D. Agriculture and Fisheries

Answer 320

C. General Affairs

Question 321

Within the Council of the EU, Coreper II prepares the work of which configuration? A. Education, Youth, Culture and Sport B. Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs C. Transport, Telecommunications and Energy D. General Affairs

Answer 321

D. General Affairs

Question 322

The European Court of Justice is composed of: A. One judge per Member State B. Judges rotating every three years C. One judge per large Member State D. Eight permanent judges

Answer 322

A. One judge per Member State

Question 323

The European body responsible for undertaking a risk assessment before a GMO can be placed on the market is: A. ECB B. ECHA C. EMA D. EFSA

Answer 323

D. EFSA

Question 324

The Board of Directors of the European Investment Bank (EIB) is comprised of: A. EU Finance Ministers B. The EIB President, representatives of the Member States and the European Commission C. The EIB President and Vice-Presidents D. The EIB President, ECB President and Commission President

Answer 324

B. The EIB President, representatives of the Member States and the European Commission

Question 325

Which statement correctly reflects the impact of the Treaty of Lisbon on the EU budgetary procedure? A. It introduced compulsory vs non-compulsory expenditure B. The Council has exclusive budget powers C. Parliament never has the last word D. The Conciliation Committee failed to reach agreement four times

Answer 325

D. The Conciliation Committee failed to reach agreement four times

Question 326

According to ENISA’s 2023 analysis of cyber threats in the EU transport sector, which threat was most significant in 2022? A. DDoS attacks B. Data-related threats C. Ransomware attacks D. Insider threats

Answer 326

C. Ransomware attacks

Question 327

How many grades does the AST/SC (secretaries and clerks) function group comprise? A. 6 B. 11 C. 12 D. 8

Answer 327

A. 6

Question 328

When was the EU Single Market put in place? A. 1985 B. 1993 C. 1992 D. 2003

Answer 328

B. 1993

Question 329

Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) work in the European Parliament within: A. National political groups B. Cross-political groups C. Transnational political groups D. Subnational political groups

Answer 329

C. Transnational political groups

Question 330

The function of trans-European networks (TENs) is to create a modern and effective infrastructure. Which of the following is a major trans-European network? A. Drinking water networks B. Knowledge network C. Transport networks D. Neural networks

Answer 330

C. Transport networks

Question 331

An action for damages is a direct legal action brought by: A. Both individuals and European Union institutions B. Member States only C. European Union institutions only D. Both individuals and Member States

Answer 331

D. Both individuals and Member States

Question 332

Which two European Union institutions form the budgetary authority and are responsible for exercising the EU’s budgetary powers? A. Court of Auditors and European Parliament B. European Parliament and Council of the European Union C. Court of Auditors and European Commission D. European Commission and Council of the European Union

Answer 332

B. European Parliament and Council of the European Union

Question 333

According to European consumer credit legislation, what are the three types of credit rights? A. Renegotiate the amount, change your mind, transfer the debt B. Make informed decisions, default on the loan, pay back ahead of time C. Make informed decisions, change your mind, pay back ahead of time D. Change your mind, transfer the debt, make informed decisions

Answer 333

C. Make informed decisions, change your mind, pay back ahead of time

Question 334

According to a 2023 Eurobarometer survey, most companies in the EU rate the justice system in their country as: A. Very or fairly bad B. Fairly good C. Very or fairly good D. Fairly bad

Answer 334

C. Very or fairly good

Question 335

Which of the following is a task of the Eurosystem? A. Printing and minting euro notes and coins B. Writing the European Single Rulebook on banking C. Issuing Eurobonds D. Holding the euro area’s foreign currency reserves

Answer 335

D. Holding the euro area’s foreign currency reserves

Question 336

In specific cases, the ordinary legislative procedure may be launched in judicial or police cooperation if supported by at least: A. 1/3 of the Member States B. 1/4 of the Member States C. 3/5 of the Member States D. 2/3 of the Member States

Answer 336

B. 1/4 of the Member States

Question 337

In the context of interinstitutional agreements on budgetary discipline (IIA), these agreements: A. Define a pragmatic yearly calendar for adopting the EU budget B. Were formalised by the 1975 Budgetary Treaty C. Cover a two-year planning period D. Aim to reduce administrative requirements only

Answer 337

A. Define a pragmatic yearly calendar for adopting the EU budget

Question 338

Which European treaty abolished the distinction between compulsory and non-compulsory expenditure? A. Budgetary Treaty 1970 B. Budgetary Treaty 1975 C. Single European Act 1986 D. Lisbon Treaty 2009

Answer 338

D. Lisbon Treaty 2009

Question 339

Which of the following is a priority of the EU's Affordable Energy Action Plan? A. Limiting energy efficiency initiatives B. Reducing renewable energy investments C. Lowering energy costs to provide immediate relief to consumers D. Increasing coal subsidies for energy security

Answer 339

C. Lowering energy costs to provide immediate relief to consumers

Question 340

According to the European Parliament’s Rules of Procedure – Rule 181, an amendment to an own-initiative report or Council position is not admissible in plenary session if: A. It uses highly technical language B. It seeks to delete or replace the whole of a text C. It directly relates to the text it seeks to amend D. It amends only one article or paragraph

Answer 340

B. It seeks to delete or replace the whole of a text

Question 341

According to Article 282 TFEU, what does legal personality of the European Central Bank allow it to do? A. Buy and sell shares B. Enter into and conclude agreements C. Take decisions on behalf of Parliament D. Issue Eurobonds

Answer 341

B. Enter into and conclude agreements

Question 342

The Costa v ENEL case concerned which action by the Italian state? A. Privatisation of gas B. Nationalisation of water C. Nationalisation of electricity D. Privatisation of telecommunications

Answer 342

C. Nationalisation of electricity

Question 343

Which legislative procedure is used to ratify an accession treaty to the EU? A. Consent Procedure B. Ordinary Legislative Procedure C. Cooperation Procedure D. Consultation Procedure

Answer 343

A. Consent Procedure

Question 344

Approximately how many EU civil servants work across EU institutions? A. 15,000 B. 30,000 C. 60,000 D. 150,000

Answer 344

C. 60,000

Question 345

According to the Fit for 55 package, by how much are transport emissions expected to decrease by 2040 compared to 2015? A. 40% B. 80% C. 60% D. Almost 100%

Answer 345

B. 80%

Question 346

How much clothing is discarded per person each year in the EU on average? A. 2 kg B. 12 kg C. 120 kg D. 25 kg

Answer 346

B. 12 kg

Question 347

In the event of the resignation of all Members of the European Commission, what happens? A. Directors-General replace Commissioners for two months B. Commissioners remain in office until replaced for the rest of the term C. Commissioners leave immediately D. A caretaker College is appointed

Answer 347

B. Commissioners remain in office until replaced for the rest of the term

Question 348

How does the Commission propose to simplify the EU economic governance framework? A. Maintain existing debt benchmarks B. Introduce a single operational indicator C. Change deficit enforcement rules D. Introduce annual fiscal recommendations

Answer 348

B. Introduce a single operational indicator

Question 349

In the history of EU enlargement, when was the largest in terms of people and number of countries? A. In 1957 B. In 2004 C. In 1973 D. In 2007

Answer 349

B. In 2004

Question 350

Europe Day is held on 9th May every year and marks the anniversary of: A. The signature of the Treaty of Rome in 1957 B. The Schuman Declaration of 1950 C. The founding of NATO in 1949 D. The birth of the European Parliament in 1958

Answer 350

B. The Schuman Declaration of 1950

Question 351

According to Article 290 TFEU, what voting procedure is used to object to a delegation of powers for delegated acts? A. EP unanimity and Council unanimity B. EP majority of component members and Council qualified majority C. EP majority and European Council unanimity D. European Council consensus and Council qualified majority

Answer 351

B. EP majority of component members and Council qualified majority

Question 352

In July 2024, what was the source of the €1.5 billion provided by the EU to Ukraine? A. Member State contributions B. Proceeds from immobilised Russian assets C. EIB loans D. EU trade tariffs

Answer 352

B. Proceeds from immobilised Russian assets

Question 353

Which EU institution, acting unanimously, decides on the composition of the Economic and Social Committee? A. Council of the European Union B. European Parliament C. European Commission D. Council and Parliament jointly

Answer 353

A. Council of the European Union

Question 354

Which two EU Member States have a voting age below 18? A. Netherlands and Romania B. Slovenia and France C. Greece and Malta D. Hungary and Norway

Answer 354

C. Greece and Malta

Question 355

After the Council adopts its position on the EU budget, under what condition can the European Parliament amend it? A. Simple majority B. Commission approval C. Council unanimity D. Absolute majority of all MEPs

Answer 355

D. Absolute majority of all MEPs

Question 356

Which feature is associated with regulated professions in the EU? A. Similar requirements across the EU B. Limited access C. Transparent job mobility D. Sufficient employment information

Answer 356

B. Limited access

Question 357

Agreements reached in trilogue negotiations under the ordinary legislative procedure are: A. Binding B. Non-binding C. Binding if unanimous D. Binding if QMV

Answer 357

B. Non-binding

Question 358

What is the framework bringing together national competition authorities and the European Commission? A. European System of Competition Authorities B. European Competition Sharing Information System C. European Competition Network D. European Antitrust Competition Network

Answer 358

C. European Competition Network

Question 359

In 2013, the European Commission proposed to reform existing regulations on air passenger rights. Which of the following is a key principle clarified by the proposal? A. The right to duty free purchases while flying within the Schengen area B. The right to free in-flight Wi-Fi internet connections C. Right to compensation in case of long delays D. The allocation of landing and take-off slots at European airports

Answer 359

C. Right to compensation in case of long delays

Question 360

The Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS) builds upon which existing European Regulation? A. The REACH Regulation B. The Food Labelling Regulation C. The Bathing Water Directive D. The WEEE Directive

Answer 360

A. The REACH Regulation

Question 361

As the world’s leading humanitarian aid donor, how does the EU implement humanitarian assistance programmes? A. Mainly directly through DG ECHO B. Mainly indirectly through NGOs, UN agencies and partners C. Mainly in partnership with NATO D. Mainly through Member States’ budgets

Answer 361

B. Mainly indirectly through NGOs, UN agencies and partners

Question 362

How long should Member States’ medium-term fiscal-structural plans last? A. 1 or 2 years B. 6 or 7 years C. 4 or 5 years D. 10 to 15 years

Answer 362

C. 4 or 5 years

Question 363

Within the Council of the EU, which is the first level at which Member State representatives prepare the work of ministers? A. Trilogue Committee B. Working Party C. Coreper D. Council configuration

Answer 363

B. Working Party

Question 364

Which platform allows the European Commission and Member States to discuss major Single Market barriers? A. Single Market Act B. Single Market Enforcement Task Force C. Single Market Programme D. Single Market Governance Platform

Answer 364

B. Single Market Enforcement Task Force

Question 365

By what percentage does the Commission aim to reduce fertilizer use by 2030? A. 50% B. 20% C. 30% D. 10%

Answer 365

B. 20%

Question 366

Which policy is covered by the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement? A. Competition policy B. Trade policy C. Monetary Union D. Agriculture and fisheries

Answer 366

A. Competition policy

Question 367

How many migrants arrive yearly via legal pathways to the EU? A. 2–3 million from EU countries B. 5–6 million from EU countries C. 5–6 million from non-EU countries D. 2–3 million from non-EU countries

Answer 367

D. 2–3 million from non-EU countries

Question 368

Which of the following is a joint body of the European Economic Area (EEA)? A. EEA Court B. EEA Council C. EEA Regional Committee D. EEA Standing Committee

Answer 368

B. EEA Council

Question 369

What probationary time interval must EU officials serve before they can be established? A. 12 to 15 months B. 3 to 6 months C. 1 to 3 months D. 9 to 15 months

Answer 369

D. 9 to 15 months

Question 370

According to Article 290 TFEU, non-legislative acts of general application adopted by the Commission to supplement or amend non-essential elements are called: A. Decisions B. Enforcement Acts C. Rulings D. Delegated Acts

Answer 370

D. Delegated Acts

Question 371

During the ordinary legislative procedure committee stage in the European Parliament, public hearings are: A. Chaired by the rapporteur B. Closed to the public C. Formal consultations with citizens D. Question and answer sessions with experts, stakeholders and civil servants

Answer 371

D. Question and answer sessions with experts, stakeholders and civil servants

Question 372

During the third reading of the ordinary legislative procedure, if the European Parliament rejects the joint text: A. The Commission withdraws the proposal B. The act is adopted C. A conciliation committee is convened D. The procedure ends without adoption

Answer 372

D. The procedure ends without adoption

Question 373

Which EU country is the largest importer of clothes? A. Spain B. Romania C. Germany D. Italy

Answer 373

C. Germany

Question 374

Political attribution of malicious cyber activity: A. Is required for all EU diplomatic measures B. May, but does not have to, accompany diplomatic measures C. Cannot expose malicious activity D. Cannot be coordinated at EU level

Answer 374

B. May, but does not have to, accompany diplomatic measures

Question 375

For the period after 2023, the Commission plans to propose renewed legislation regarding: A. Treatment of animals during transport to slaughterhouses B. Treatment of animals on farms C. Animal welfare labelling D. Treatment of animals at slaughter

Answer 375

A. Treatment of animals during transport to slaughterhouses

Question 376

The Single European Act introduced qualified majority voting notably in which new policy area? A. Common Customs Tariff B. Environment policy C. Education policy D. Enlargement

Answer 376

B. Environment policy

Question 377

Under Article 314 TFEU, in Stage 4 of the budgetary procedure, which body agrees on a joint text? A. Trilogogue Committee B. Conciliation Committee C. EESC and CoR D. Parliament and Council

Answer 377

B. Conciliation Committee

Question 378

According to a 2023 Commission survey on green budgeting, which Member States introduced new measures since 2021? A. Greece, Portugal and Spain B. Greece, Romania and Spain C. Belgium, France and Hungary D. Italy, Portugal and Spain

Answer 378

A. Greece, Portugal and Spain

Question 379

Article 314 of the TFEU sets out the stages of the budgetary procedure. In Stage 4 of the procedure: A. The Commission is not allowed to participate in the Conciliation Committee’s proceedings B. The Commission may withdraw the draft budget once the Conciliation Committee is convened C. If the Conciliation Committee fails within 63 days, a new draft budget must be submitted D. If the Conciliation Committee agrees on a joint text, Parliament and Council have 14 days to approve it

Answer 379

D. If the Conciliation Committee agrees on a joint text, Parliament and Council have 14 days to approve it

Question 380

Which EU institution is composed of Heads of State or Government and determines the EU’s general political direction and priorities? A. Council of Europe B. European Council C. Council of the EU D. Court of Justice

Answer 380

B. European Council

Question 381

In the Francovich and Bonifaci judgments (1991), Member States were held liable for failure to: A. Translate EU law B. Issue rulings within deadlines C. Implement recommendations D. Transpose a directive

Answer 381

D. Transpose a directive

Question 382

According to Article 13 TEU, which of the following is an EU institution? A. Economic and Social Committee B. Committee of the Regions C. European Banking Authority D. Court of Auditors

Answer 382

D. Court of Auditors

Question 383

The Recovery and Resilience Facility seeks to: A. Fund cohesion policy only B. Support investments and reforms linked to EU priorities C. Support companies affected by COVID-19 only D. Strengthen health security only

Answer 383

B. Support investments and reforms linked to EU priorities

Question 384

According to the 2023 Commission monitoring report, between 2015 and 2020 the reliability of local and regional rail passenger services: A. Was similar to punctuality B. Remained unchanged C. Increased D. Dropped

Answer 384

D. Dropped

Question 385

What is the primary role of the Euratom Supply Agency (ESA)? A. Maintain nuclear armaments B. Supply radiation equipment C. Ensure supply of nuclear materials for power uses D. Distribute iodine tablets

Answer 385

C. Ensure supply of nuclear materials for power uses

Question 386

Under the examination procedure, the comitology committee adopts its opinion by: A. Qualified majority B. Simple majority C. Absolute majority D. Consensus

Answer 386

A. Qualified majority

Question 387

Where was the European Pillar of Social Rights proclaimed? A. Riga 2015 B. Lisbon 2009 C. Gothenburg 2017 D. Brussels 2022

Answer 387

C. Gothenburg 2017

Question 388

According to the EEA (2023), what percentage of European habitats have an unfavourable conservation status? A. 81% B. 25% C. 63% D. 47%

Answer 388

A. 81%

Question 389

In the European Union the term ‘acquis’ or ‘acquis communautaire’ refers to the European Union’s: A. Body of law B. Cohesion funds C. Competition rules D. Biodiversity strategy

Answer 389

A. Body of law

Question 390

How does the “Have Your Say” portal contribute to Better Regulation? A. It is the portal where the Commission publishes its finalised legislative proposals. B. It is the entry point for all stakeholder’s contributions to the European Commission’s initiatives. C. It is an online tool for communicating with the Ombudsman. D. It is the online platform for the European Parliament to interact with every EU citizen.

Answer 390

B. It is the entry point for all stakeholder’s contributions to the European Commission’s initiatives.

Question 391

Which European Union institution is responsible for examining member state legislation to ensure they have correctly ‘transposed’ European Union legislation into national law? A. The European Parliament B. The Court of Justice of the European Union C. The European Commission D. The European Ombudsman

Answer 391

C. The European Commission

Question 392

The Consent and Consultation Procedures are collectively referred to as the: A. Codecision Procedures B. Special Legislative Procedures C. Cooperation Procedures D. Assent Procedures

Answer 392

B. Special Legislative Procedures

Question 393

How does the Next Generation Internet initiative pursue its goal to empower users with the freedom of choice among a range of open-source decentralized digital solutions? A. By providing financial support to local public administrations offering ICT classes for senior citizens B. By providing financial support to schools that teach ICT skills C. By providing financial support to mainstream IT companies D. By providing financial support to grass-root projects covering all layers of the Internet

Answer 393

D. By providing financial support to grass-root projects covering all layers of the Internet

Question 394

The exemptions from the EU antitrust rules are governed by the so-called: A. Block Exemption Regulations B. EU Antitrust Regulations C. Block Exemption Directives D. Vertical and Horizontal Antitrust Rules

Answer 394

A. Block Exemption Regulations

Question 395

Which EU country had the highest average household expenditure on sporting goods and services in 2020? A. Luxembourg B. Netherlands C. France D. Germany

Answer 395

A. Luxembourg

Question 396

How much flexibility are Member States expected to have in designing their fiscal adjustment after the economic governance reform? A. Less than before B. The same as before C. Different degrees according to each Member State’s performance D. More than before

Answer 396

D. More than before

Question 397

What is the purpose of the 2023 ASAP Regulation? A. It aims to provide funding for urgent environmental conservation projects in the EU. B. It seeks to establish stricter regulations on general urgent political developments. C. It aims to bolster the production capacity of ammunitions and missiles in the EU. D. It focuses on promoting international peacekeeping efforts.

Answer 397

C. It aims to bolster the production capacity of ammunitions and missiles in the EU.

Question 398

How many weeks does a Conciliation Committee have to adopt a joint text before the proposed legislation fails to be adopted? A. 12 weeks B. 8 weeks C. 6 or 8 weeks D. 4 weeks

Answer 398

C. 6 or 8 weeks

Question 399

The primary role of the European Court of Auditors is to: A. Audit European Union member states budgets to ensure compliance with the Stability and Growth Pact B. Audit cross-border European Union multinationals to ensure payment of corporation tax C. Audit European Union revenue and expenditure D. Monitor European Union importations of goods

Answer 399

C. Audit European Union revenue and expenditure

Question 400

What is the objective of the European Commission's vision for emerging virtual worlds (metaverses)? A. Promote commercialization of virtual reality technologies B. Establish strict regulations on virtual worlds C. Ensure safety and confidence of the public and businesses D. Create closed proprietary virtual worlds

Answer 400

C. Ensure safety and confidence of the public and businesses

Question 401

What is the role of the Rule of Law Report in the Rule of Law Mechanism? A. Identify challenges and prevent problems B. Assess economic impacts C. Provide basis for EU legislation D. Grant sole authority to the Commission

Answer 401

A. Identify challenges and prevent problems

Question 402

Which EU country has the most high-tech manufacturers? A. Germany B. France C. Sweden D. Italy

Answer 402

A. Germany

Question 403

The Eurosystem is made up of: A. The ECB only B. The ECB and national central banks of euro area countries C. The ECB and national central banks of all EU Member States D. The ECB and all EU and EEA national central banks

Answer 403

B. The ECB and national central banks of euro area countries

Question 404

The European Union’s ‘traditional’ own resources are made up of: A. Customs duties, agricultural duties and sugar levies B. Plastic packaging waste resource C. GNI-based own resource D. VAT-based own resource

Answer 404

A. Customs duties, agricultural duties and sugar levies

Question 405

In which EU country do young people leave the parental home at the highest average age? A. Finland B. Croatia C. Italy D. Poland

Answer 405

B. Croatia

Question 406

What is the European Climate Pact? A. A movement of people B. An industry agreement C. A pledge by MEPs D. A declaration by Member States

Answer 406

A. A movement of people

Question 407

In the European Semester, what are country-specific recommendations? A. Conditions for EU funds B. Issued every 6 months C. Policy guidance to boost jobs and growth D. Adopted by Parliament and Council

Answer 407

C. Policy guidance to boost jobs and growth

Question 408

During second reading of the ordinary legislative procedure, how does the Council vote on Parliament’s amendments? A. Unanimity or QMV depending on Commission opinion B. QMV on all amendments C. QMV on all articles D. Unanimity on all amendments

Answer 408

A. Unanimity or QMV depending on Commission opinion

Question 409

Which European Union institution is responsible for interpreting primary and secondary European Union law and deciding on the validity of secondary law? A. The European Court of Auditors B. The European Commission C. The Court of Justice of the European Union D. The European Court of Human Rights

Answer 409

C. The Court of Justice of the European Union

Question 410

What is the name of the informal interinstitutional meetings that take place between representatives of the European Commission, European Parliament and Council of the European Union during the first reading of the ordinary legislative procedure? A. The trilogue meetings B. The comitology meeting C. The conciliation committee meeting D. Inter-organisational dialogue

Answer 410

A. The trilogue meetings

Question 411

Which policy-making procedure, established in the 1990s—particularly in employment policy—provides a framework for EU countries to evaluate each other through peer pressure, with the European Commission's role limited to surveillance? A. The ordinary legislative procedure B. The consultation procedure C. The open method of coordination D. The discharge procedure

Answer 411

C. The open method of coordination

Question 412

With which of the following countries did the European Union sign a dedicated competition cooperation agreement (as opposed to a Memorandum of Understanding)? A. Japan B. Mexico C. Brazil D. India

Answer 412

A. Japan

Question 413

The chairperson of the Economic and Social Committee is appointed for a period of: A. 2 years B. 2.5 years C. 4 years D. 5 years

Answer 413

B. 2.5 years

Question 414

What is the amount of EU funding that will benefit the Cybersecurity Skills Academy, aiming to address the lack of cybersecurity professionals in the EU? A. EUR 10 million B. EUR 20 million C. EUR 1 million D. EUR 5 million

Answer 414

A. EUR 10 million

Question 415

According to Article 5 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Commission has competence to provide arrangements within which the EU Member States must coordinate policy. These fields include: A. Competition rules necessary for the functioning of the internal market B. Monetary policy for the Member States whose currency is the euro C. Conservation of marine biological resources under the common fisheries policy D. Economic policy and employment

Answer 415

D. Economic policy and employment

Question 416

To which EU Member States does the Council of the EU recommend they set up National Productivity Boards? A. To all EU Member States B. To euro area Member States C. To non-euro area Member States D. To Denmark and Sweden

Answer 416

B. To euro area Member States

Question 417

In the aftermath of the 2023 Council Recommendation on the key enabling factors for successful digital education and training, which of the following is a support action of the European Commission? A. Imposing a fine on Member States B. Launching the 'Digital Education in Europe' survey C. Creating a plan to reach 20 million ICT specialists D. Facilitating recognition of certifications

Answer 417

B. Launching the 'Digital Education in Europe' survey

Question 418

Why has the EU revised its Late Payments Directive? A. To promote unicorn companies B. To streamline payment processes C. To promote fair competition D. As part of the SME Relief Package due to late payments

Answer 418

D. As part of the SME Relief Package due to late payments

Question 419

In February 2025, the European Commission unveiled the Clean Industrial Deal. What is the primary purpose of this initiative? A. To provide loans for small and medium-sized enterprises. B. To fund research in artificial intelligence. C. To promote digital transformation exclusively in the tech sector. D. To mobilize over €100 billion to support EU-made clean manufacturing.

Answer 419

Correct answer: D. To mobilize over €100 billion to support EU-made clean manufacturing.

Question 420

The 'cap and trade' principle within the European Union’s ETS refers to: A. The capping of oil reserves and trading in renewable energies B. The capping of national budget deficits and the trading in Eurobonds C. The capping of bank liquidity reserves and the trading in complex derivatives D. The capping of greenhouse gas emissions and the trading of allowances

Answer 420

Correct answer: D. The capping of greenhouse gas emissions and the trading of allowances

Question 421

Which legislative institution of the European Union is responsible for representing the interests of Member State governments? A. The European Council B. The Council of Europe C. The European Parliament D. The Council of Ministers (or Council of the European Union)

Answer 421

Correct answer: D. The Council of Ministers (or Council of the European Union)

Question 422

How does the European Union take a decision when a country negotiating with the European Union succeeds in closing a chapter of the Acquis Communautaire? A. The European Commission’s College of Commissioners vote by a simple majority B. The European Council vote by double majority vote C. The Council of the European Union vote by unanimity D. The European Parliament and Council of the European Union decide using the ordinary legislative procedure

Answer 422

Correct answer: C. The Council of the European Union vote by unanimity

Question 423

Since 1 January 2021, the European Union’s development assistance has been delivered through the NDICI–Global Europe. What are its three pillars? A. Economic, Societal, Thematic B. Economic, Geographic, Historical C. Crisis, Thematic, Societal D. Geographic, Thematic, Rapid Response

Answer 423

Correct answer: D. Geographic, Thematic, Rapid Response

Question 424

Jean Monnet was a lifelong supporter of European integration. Which statement is correct? A. He coined the phrase about Europe being built through concrete achievements B. He was the first elected President of the Common Assembly of the ECSC C. He was born German and became French in 1919 D. His ideas inspired the Schuman Plan

Answer 424

Correct answer: D. His ideas inspired the Schuman Plan

Question 425

According to the European competence framework on sustainability, which is one of the four competence groups learners should acquire? A. Exploratory thinking B. Embracing complexity in sustainability C. Collective action D. Promoting nature

Answer 425

Correct answer: B. Embracing complexity in sustainability

Question 426

According to Eurostat figures, what percentage of the total EU workforce is employed in cultural and creative industries? A. Under 1% B. Between 3 and 4% C. Over 10% D. Between 6 and 7%

Answer 426

Correct answer: B. Between 3 and 4%

Question 427

In the competition policy context, what constitutes predation? A. Charging excessive prices B. Requiring buyers to purchase exclusively from a dominant company C. Refusal to deal with counterparts D. Setting prices at a loss-making level

Answer 427

Correct answer: D. Setting prices at a loss-making level

Question 428

Which type of rules of origin is used for the application of the most-favoured-nation (MFN) treatment? A. Both preferential and non-preferential rules B. No rules of origin C. Preferential rules of origin D. Non-preferential rules of origin

Answer 428

Correct answer: D. Non-preferential rules of origin

Question 429

Which of the following is a priority of the European Commission's strategy for addressing climate change and agricultural resilience in the 2024–2029 mandate? A. Building a competitive and resilient agriculture and food system to secure Europe’s food sovereignty and support farmers. B. Increasing agricultural productivity through technological innovation without emphasizing environmental sustainability. C. Promoting international trade agreements to enhance food security by relying on global supply chains. D. Focusing on urban industrial growth to counteract climate change impacts in rural agricultural areas.

Answer 429

A. Building a competitive and resilient agriculture and food system to secure Europe’s food sovereignty and support farmers.

Question 430

Which of the following transitions was a priority in the European Union’s new industrial strategy published in March 2020? A. Digital leadership B. Cultural excellence C. Social justice D. Political entrepreneurship

Answer 430

A. Digital leadership

Question 431

According to the EU Farm to Fork Strategy, by what percentage should the sales of antimicrobials for farmed animals and in aquaculture be reduced by 2030? A. By 100% B. By 50% C. By 25% D. They should not be reduced.

Answer 431

B. By 50%

Question 432

What is a European Commission Green Paper? A. A document containing concrete proposals for legislative measures in a specific policy area B. A document setting out a statement on issues such as democracy or fundamental rights C. A document intended to stimulate discussion on a given topic at the European Union level D. A document setting out a programme for implementing a legislative programme

Answer 432

C. A document intended to stimulate discussion on a given topic at the European Union level

Question 433

In which European city does the European Parliament hold its ‘part-sessions’? A. Strasbourg only B. Brussels only C. Strasbourg and Brussels D. Luxembourg only

Answer 433

C. Strasbourg and Brussels

Question 434

What is the relation between the Berlin Process and EU enlargement? A. The Berlin Process is not connected to EU enlargement B. The Berlin Process preceded EU enlargement until 1973 C. The Berlin Process is a pilot project regarding Türkiye’s accession D. The Berlin Process is complementary to EU enlargement

Answer 434

D. The Berlin Process is complementary to EU enlargement

Question 435

Who are the partners in the Northern Dimension policy? A. The EU and Greenland B. Canada, the United States, the EU and Russia C. The EU, Belarus, Russia and Iceland D. The EU, Russia, Norway and Iceland

Answer 435

D. The EU, Russia, Norway and Iceland

Question 436

In what year was it decided that meetings of Heads of State or Government should be held regularly as ‘European Council meetings’? A. 1964 B. 1974 C. 1984 D. 1994

Answer 436

B. 1974

Question 437

Why is Altiero Spinelli notably recognized? A. Mediated between Germany and France B. Supported the drafting of a European constitution C. Collaborated with Robert Schuman D. Drafted a plan for a European common market

Answer 437

B. Supported the drafting of a European constitution

Question 438

What is the main focus of the plant health dimension of EU food safety policy? A. Monitoring contaminants in food and feed products B. Detecting and eradicating pests at an early stage to prevent spreading and ensure healthy seeds C. Ensuring compliance of food businesses with EU hygiene law D. Tracing the movement of all farm animals

Answer 438

B. Detecting and eradicating pests at an early stage to prevent spreading and ensure healthy seeds