Eukaryotes

Question 1

True or false: for the rest of life, these are our next set of cousins in order of recency of common ancestry:
Animal-Like Protists, Fungi, Plants, Other
Protists*, Archea, Bacteria

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Are Eukaryotes monophlyletic?

Answer 2

Yes, nucleus is a shared derived characteristic that unites all Eukaryotes.

Question 3

Are protists monophyletic?

Answer 3

No, “protists” not a true evolutionary group. (Unicellularity retained ancestral trait.

Question 4

What is an angiosperm?

Answer 4

An angiosperm is a flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed within a fruit or ovary.

Question 5

What is the purpose of a flower?

Answer 5

For exchanging gametes
(function: getting sperm to egg).

Question 6

What is the purpose of a seed?

Answer 6

Develops from fertilized egg (function: dormant embryo).

Question 7

What is the purpose of fruit?

Answer 7

Mature ovary containing the seed; develop from flowers (function: seed dispersal).

Question 8

What are two examples of plants that have both sexes?

Answer 8

1. Lily: bisexual flower
2. Corn: Unisexual flowers

Question 9

What are the four clades of plants mentioned in class?

Answer 9

1. Red Algae
2. Green Algae
3. Moss
4. Ferns
5. Conifers
6. Angiosperms

Question 10

What are four types of angiosperms?

Answer 10

1. Rose
2. Corn
3. Wheat
4. Maple tree

Question 11

What are the two major clades of prokaryote?

Answer 11

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea

Question 12

Why is the term prokaryote misleading?

Answer 12

The word “prokaryote” means “before nucleus,” referring to organisms that lack a nucleus. It implies bacteria and archaea are one natural group — they’re not. “Prokaryote” is not monophyletic they are two separate lineages.

Question 13

What is LUCA?

Answer 13

Last Universal Common Ancestor.

Question 14

When was LUCA, the last ancestor shared by all current life forms?

Answer 14

3.5 to 4.0 billion years ago

Question 15

What are two separate clade of organisms that lack a cell nucleus?

Answer 15

1. Bacteria
2. Achaea