What is a eukaryotic cell
A cell with membrane bound organelles such as a nucleus
What is an organelle
A structure found within a cell which a specific function
Nucleus
-largest and densest organelle
-bound by a double membrane that has pores
-contains DNA, collectively known as chromatin (chromosomes which are uncoiled)
What do the pores do on double membrane of nucleus
Controls what enters and leaves the organelle
They allow MRNA to leave and travel to ribosomes to be used in protein synthesis
Do not allow larger DNA molecules to leave
Ribosomes
-Smalles and least dense organelle
-not membrane bound
-can be found in cytoplasm or rough ER
-made in the nucleoli
-Site of protein synthesis
Nucleolus
-Densely stained region of the nucleus
-where ribosomes at constructed
Vesicles
-Small membrane bound sacs that contain fluid
-fluid contrais. proteins carbs or lipids
What do vesicles do
They fuse with the cell membrane so their contents can be secreted to the outside of the cell (exocytosis)
Golgi body
- a series of flattered cavities that are stacked on top of each other
- Vesciles pinches off from part of the cavities transports molecules
- Protein lipids and carbs produced in the ER can be modified here
-Form lysosomes
Rough ER
- series of connected flattened sacs called cisterns that spread through the cytoplasm
-have ribosomes attached to the surface
-vesciles pinch of the cavity and travel to golgi body where proteins can be modified
Smooth ER
- site of carb synthesis, storage and transport
- site of lipid synthesis, storage and transport
-series of connected more rounded cisterenae that do not have ribosomes on the surface
Lysosomes
-membrane bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes
-break down excess or worn out parts of cells so useful chemicals they contain can be reused
scan destroy invading viruses and bacteria
-can self destruct cell
mitochondria
-relatively large rod shaped organelle
- has a double membrane
- smooth outer membrane to control movement of molecules
-highly folded inner membrane (cristae)
-fluid interior is called the matrix
- site of respiration
-atp produced
Cristae membrane
- gives a greater surface area which respiration can take place o er
-contains enzymes for producing atp
The matrix
-in the mitochondria and contains enzymes for early stages of respiration-
ribosomes for protein synthesis and
-dna for replication of the cell
