Everything Flashcards

(48 cards)

1
Q

What is project risk in this course?

A

The probability and consequence of not achieving project objectives.

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2
Q

Differentiate pure vs. business risk.

A

Pure (hazard) risk has loss only; business (speculative) risk can result in loss or gain.

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3
Q

Name the four categories of project risk used here.

A

Schedule, cost, quality, and people risks.

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4
Q

List the core questions in the risk management process.

A

What can go wrong? How to minimize impact? What to do before an event? What to do when it occurs?

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5
Q

Two sources for identifying risks from prior work?

A

Project data/files and documented lessons learned.

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6
Q

What structure helps link risks to scope?

A

Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) aligned with the WBS (diagram referenced).

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7
Q

Four responses to negative risks?

A

Avoid, reduce, transfer, accept.

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8
Q

Four strategies for positive risks?

A

Exploit, share, enhance, accept.

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9
Q

Define a contingency plan.

A

Predefined actions to reduce/mitigate impact if a foreseen risk occurs.

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10
Q

Difference between budget and management reserves.

A

Budget reserves tie to identified work-package risks; management reserves cover major unforeseen, project-level risks.

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11
Q

Purpose of time buffers.

A

Compensate for unplanned delays (e.g., severe risk or merge activities).

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12
Q

One benefit of formal change control.

A

Tracks costs of changes and keeps WBS/performance measures intact.

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13
Q

Key difference between managing and leading a project?

A

Managing copes with complexity; leading copes with change.

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14
Q

Two customer/team outcomes PMs must achieve per Westland (2010).

A

Keep customers happy and team members happy.

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15
Q

What are “influence currencies”?

A

Organizational favors/resources exchanged to build cooperative relationships.

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16
Q

Purpose of a stakeholder dependency map.

A

Visualize whose cooperation/approval is needed, potential opposition, and relationship status (diagram referenced).

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17
Q

Define MBWA in this context.

A

PMs spending much time in face-to-face interactions to build relationships and spot issues early.

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18
Q

One benefit of strong top management support.

A

Signals importance of cooperation and enables responsive resourcing.

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19
Q

Why is a project sponsor significant?

A

Provides senior backing, guidance, and organizational leverage.

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20
Q

Example of an ethical dilemma from the notes.

A

Padding cost/time estimates or falsifying accounts.

21
Q

Two elements of trust highlighted.

A

Character (motives) and competence (skills).

22
Q

One takeaway from Case Study 2 (Seaburst).

A

Investigate discreetly, document the incident, and improve site security while preserving relationships.

23
Q

A contradiction PMs must balance.

A

Being flexible yet firm.

24
Q

Two traits of an effective PM listed.

A

Systems thinker; high emotional intelligence.

25
Core emphasis of Agile per the notes?
Tight feedback cycles and continuous improvement.
26
One Agile value and its contrast.
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.
27
MVP’s role in Agile.
Start small, then iteratively improve based on user feedback.
28
When to favor Waterfall?
When outputs are clearly defined and the project resembles prior work.
29
What does the Stacey Complexity Model guide?
Choice of Agile vs. Waterfall based on clarity of requirements/process (diagram referenced).
30
“Doing Agile” vs. “Being agile”?
Practices/roles/tools vs. an organizational mindset of flexibility and responsiveness.
31
Three key Scrum roles.
Product Owner, Development Team, Scrum Master.
32
Typical team size in Scrum.
About five to nine people.
33
One limitation of Agile PM.
Less satisfying to top management’s need for strict budget/scope/schedule control.
34
One tangible and one intangible reason to go international.
Additional revenue streams; broader corporate profile.
35
A key challenge in international projects.
Time-zone differences affecting coordination.
36
One recommended practice for international teams.
Form geography-based team structures with global sub-team leads.
37
What does resource management ensure?
Right resources available at the right time via capacity planning and assignment.
38
A budgeting challenge noted.
Misalignment between project plans and FP&A consolidated budgets hampers tracking by work package.
39
Two collaboration tools for maintaining project information.
SharePoint and Google Drive.
40
One way advanced tech will help PMs.
AI/RPA automates manual updates and improves predictive estimation and risk ID.
41
Three major deliverables at closure.
Wrap-up, project audit, performance evaluation.
42
Five closure types.
Normal, premature, perpetual, failed, changed priority.
43
Two wrap-up activities.
Obtain customer acceptance and release resources/pay accounts.
44
One objective of a project audit.
Evaluate benefits delivered and identify improvements for future projects.
45
Why audits are often skipped.
They take time; people prefer moving to new work; participants may be reluctant.
46
Key step in an implementation review.
Hold a benefits realization meeting; document expected vs. realized benefits and archive.
47
What is contractual closure?
Formal confirmation both parties fulfilled contract terms and all invoices are paid.
48
One professional body for PMs in NZ.
PMINZ (NZ chapter of PMI).