1
Q
Why would Manitoba Conservation want better drivers?
A
- Liability
- Professional image
- Reduce collisions
- Reduce workplace injuries
2
Q
What is the 1 second advantage?
A
A European study found that 80% of accidents could have been avoided if the driver had an additional second to respond. This 1 second advantage is to drive in a way that gives the driver an extra second
3
Q
What are the 3 movements a vehicle can do?
A
B Break
S Steer
A Accelerate
4
Q
Describe proper seating
A
Shoulders against the chair 9 & 3 hands right foot working pedals left foot on the fire wall bend in elbows bend in knees
5
Q
What are the benefits of a proper seating position?
A
Reduce fatigue Increase awareness of road Better hand control Better foot control Improved sight and scanning
6
Q
Should you be able to see the sides of the truck out of your side mirrors?
A
Only when you lean
7
Q
5 methods to see and be seen
A
- Don’t drive in blind spots
- Daytime running lights in clear weather
- Headlights in bad weather
- Lights
- Sirens
8
Q
What are the 4 ways a vehicle can stop / break?
A
- Slam on the breaks (engage ABS)
- Pump breaking (not advised)
- Threshold breaking / squeeze breaking (does not engage ABS)
- Hit something solid
9
Q
What causes front wheel skid?
A
Under steering
10
Q
What causes rear wheel skid?
A
Over steering
11
Q
What are 5 principles of collision avoidance?
A
- unlock your eyes & breaks
- look for an escape route
- unlock your eyes and breaks
- break, steer, release
- pick the best of the worst
12
Q
What are the main points of shoulder recovery?
A
- Do not break
- Ease off gas
- Regain control on shoulder
- Ease on to pavement to avoid car jerking across road
13
Q
What are the main points of highway ditching?
A
- Do not break
- Ease off gas
- Aim 45 degrees into ditch
- Regain control and pull parallel to road with breaks
- Once control is fully gained, emerge on road
14
Q
What is ABS and what does it do?
A
Anti lock Break System. This prevents the front wheel from locking up during a skid by mechanically simulating break pumping. Because the wheel doesn’t lock, the drive is able to continue steering while skidding.
15
Q
How often should mirrors be checked?
A
5-8 seconds
16
Q
What driving system does Man Con use?
A
Cooperative Driving System
17
Q
What are the 4 main principles of Cooperative Driving?
A
- Eye lead - (4 seconds immediate responsibility / 12 seconds scanning ahead). Look where you want to go because hands follows eyes
- Critical Path - open, safe path where driver intends to travel.
- Escape Route - positioning vehicle to there is an escape route. Requires constant reevaluation.
- Being seen. Don’t travel in blindspots, use audio and visual indicators to make yourself seen.
18
Q
What are the 5 main driving systems?
A
- Smith System
- The System (London)
- SIPDE (RCMP)
- Zone Control System
- Cooperative driving
19
Q
Why is cooperative driving different than other driving systems?
A
- 4 concepts (eye lead, critical path, escape route, being seen)
- Incorporates all road users (pedestrians & cyclists)
- Goal oriented
- Simplifies driver responsibility
20
Q
What are 3 different ways to steer?
A
- Palming (only for reversing)
- Hand over hand (strong)
- Shuffle steering
21
Q
How closely should you follow another vehicle?
A
2-3 seconds in good conditions
22
Q
What are all the BSA’s?
A
Break, steer, accelerate
Blind, stupid attitude
Be smooth always
23
Q
What 4 factors can prevent all collisions?
A
- Eye lead
- Critical path
- Escape route
- Being seen
Same principles are Cooperative driving
24
Q
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of rear view cameras
A
(+)
Can see below tailgate
Lining up hitch
Backing up close
(-) False sense of security Technology can fail Useless when dirty Useless when towing Useless when tailgate is down No peripheral
25
Discuss traction control
- If vehicle begins to slide (yaw), TC will apply breaks to specific wheels and may reduce power from the engine
- If wheels spin on acceleration, TC reduces engine power to increase traction
26
If you're stuck in the mud, do you want traction control on or off?
You want traction control off because it prevents wheels spin and when stuck, wheel spin may help you get unstuck
27
What is the driver triangle?
Driver, vehicle, environment
28
What is contact patch and why is it important?
Contact patch is the surface area of the tire that contacts the road surface where friction is created. All driver controls are transmitted to the road through the tire's control patch
29
What is pitch? Give two examples
Pitch: transfer of weight under acceleration
ie. slamming on breaks = weight front of vehicle
ie. accelerating = weight back of vehicle
30
What is roll? Give an example
Roll: side to side (longitudinal) weight transfer
| ie. turning sharp left throws weight in the vehicle right
31
What is yaw?
Yaw: vertical weight transfer from bottom to top
32
What happens if there is reduced contact patch?
Reduced contact patch = less traction = less control
33
What is total stopping distance?
The total distance the vehicle takes to stop from the moment a hazard is perceived to the moment the vehicle comes to a complete stop
34
What is the perception and reaction time (in seconds)
Perception time 1.5 seconds
| Reaction time .75 seconds (half)
35
During 4 wheel lock up, how much steering control do you have?
0 - no steering control because the wheels are locked
36
What is the order of release, break, steer for
ABS vehicle
NO ABS vehicle
ABS - Break, steer, release
NO ABS - Break, release, steer (no steering input when breaking because of locked wheels)
37
What is the purpose of ABS?
To allow the driver to maintain steering control under max breaking application
38
Why is pump breaking bad?
May cause wheels to lock and does not stop a vehicle any quicker
39
What is break fade?
The loss of breaking efficiency due to heat build up in the breaks
40
What is break bias?
The percentage of break pressure applied to the front breaks
41
What is the break bias percentage and why?
70% front breaks 30% back breaks because the weight transfer to the front of the vehicle. Helps maintain control
42
What is castor?
For or alt angle of steering axis (aka centring for steering)
43
When in reverse, is castor negative or positive. How does this effect steering input?
When reversing, castor is negative, making steering more sensitive
44
What are the two biggest environmental factors influencing vehicle control?
Traction and visibility
45
List physiological factors that may influence driving
- Hearing
- Vision
- Driver stature (ie short)
- Medical condition
- Timing
46
List psychological factors that may influence driving
- Fatigue
- Emotions
- Aggressivness
- Attitude
47
What happens to the body when stress increases?
- Loss of fine motor skills
- Auditory exclusion
- Tunnel vision
- Emotional imbalance
48
List methods to reduce stress
- Slow down
- Organize self
- Stay fit
49
What are features of vigilance?
- Constant scanning of area
- Rational decisions
- Knowing there are choices
- Absorb information objectively
50
What are features of HYPERvigilance?
- Trance-like focus
- Tunnel vision
- Auditory exclusion
- Unresponsive to input
51
What human factors promote good decision making?
- Experience
- Training
- Skill
- Time
- Alertness
52
What are human barriers to good decision making?
- Peer pressure
- Timing
- Co-pilot syndrome
- Incorrect information
53
What does the acronym "AM I SAFE" stand for...
Attitude
Medication
Illness
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Eating right...
54
What are the 3 modes of law enforcement driving?
- Non-emergency
- Emergency
- Pursuit
55
Define emergency and provide a CO related example
A sudden, urgent, and often unforeseen occurrence, requiring immediate action. ie night lighting, shots fired, officer down, etc
56
What act authorizes the use of emergency vehicles in MB?
Manitoba Highway Traffic Act
57
What sections of the MB HTA are important for CO's (hint 4)
106(1) authorizes emergency vehicles to disobey traffic rules
106(2) requires emergency vehicles disobeying traffic lights to have lights & sirens engaged
106(4) Driver must exercise due care
106(8) Driver can be criminally negligent
58
Why can CO's in MB not pursue?
B/C the majority of our offences are summary conviction (less serious) and therefore it was determined that it was not worth the liability
59
What operational directive guides the use of emergency vehicles
OD CO215 Emergency vehicle operation
60
What operational directive guides the use of lights at night?
OD DO202 Driving Without Lights for Enforcement Purposes
61
Why do we have emergency equipment on our vehicles?
To communication caution to the public
62
List factors that may influence emergency equipment
- Weather
- Geography
- Siren chasers
- Construction
63
What is siren side?
When the driver becomes affixed at the sound of the siren. Trancelike
64
What can you expect from the public when using emergency equipment?
- Panic stopping
- Panic accelerating
- Unorganized driving
65
What is the ultimate goal of emergency response?
Guaranteed safe arrival
66
When speed increases, what happens to vision?
Speed increase = vision decrease. Tunnel vision
67
When speed is doubled, how much does stopping distance increase?
Doubling speed = 4X more stopping distance
68
Define perception time:
spotting the hazard
69
Define reaction time:
executing response to the hazard
70
What is the speed differential rule of thumb?
20km faster that moving traffic
40km faster than stationary traffic
ie. 130 in a 110
ie. 40 in an intersection with stopped traffic
71
What are the two most important skills while driving through an intersection?
Line of sight
| Path of travel
72
What are some tactical advantages that can be used at intersections?
- Change siren pitch
- Scan through intersection
- Know escape route
- Slow down
- Line of sight
73
How can you increase your pursuit of time?
1. cooperative driving
2. Know your district
3. Good route selection
74
R. v SHARP :
Criminal negligence doesn't require intention, only indifference.
I wasn't SHARP and now I'm criminally negligent
75
R. v WAITE
Other officer test. Marked departure from the standard that is expected from a prudent officer.
WAITE, would another officer do this?
Hayride example
76
Academic solutions vs reality
Academic = how it should be
Reality = how it is
77
Efficiency vs effectiveness
```
Efficiency = doing things right
Effective = doing the right things
```
78
Define: Critical Incident
Any situation beyond the realm of a person's usual experience that overwhelms them and their lack of control on the situation
79
Canton v Harris
The public expects officers to have training in areas that require an application of skill.
I CANNTON believe we didn't receive training on that
Deliberate indifference shown by department that doesn't provide training
80
Does criminal negligence require proof of intention?
No, just proof of indifference, according to R. v Sharp
81
Blaz vs Dickenson
Not following policy may be used as evidence of lack of due care
BLAZ! I didn't follow policy and now I am being accused of not showing due care!
82
Dimmit vs Lorimore
Officers have the discretion to start a pursuit, but not necessarily the discretion to stop it. Under dangerous conditions, a pursuit must be stopped
DIMMIT! (Lori)more bad conditions. We have to stop this pursuit.
83
Doem vs Phillips
PILLIPS is dead. This pursuit is DONE and we are liable because we had the authority to stop it and didn't
Anyone with the authority to stop a pursuit is liable for action / inaction determined to be a causation of fact
84
Causation:
The act of causing or producing an effect
85
Proximate cause:
The cause which produces the injury, that without which, the injury wouldn't have happened.
86
What factors do you consider during the risk assessment for a pursuit?
- Weather
- Location
- Geography
- WL / livestock
- Time of day
- Circumstances
87
What are the dangers of a pursuit?
- Speed
- Unpredictable
- Emotion
- Unknown ENVR
88
What are alternatives to pursuits?
- Licence plate
- Vehicle information
- Driver identification
- Outwit
- Aircraft
89
What is neutral shift?
Putting the vehicle into neutral to decrease stopping time b/c power is no longer going to the wheels
90
What factors will assist you in justifying your actions?
1. 2 officer test
2. Good notes
3. Training
91
What is the main purpose of a seatbelt?
To keep the driver in place so they can control the vehicle
92
Can a vehicle be death of GBH?
Yes. Ramming or using it as a barrier
93
What should your pre-drive routine include?
Checking
- fluids
- tire pressure
- cleanliness of lights
- mirrors
- walk around
- anything in the box that could fly
94
What's the most important skill an officer processes?
Eye lead
95
How do you control front end swing?
- Small steering input
- Speed
- Eye lead
96
What is due care?
What a reasonable, prudent person would do in the same circumstances
97
How far can a siren be heard?
440ft stationary
| 125ft average
98
Which emergency lights are the most visible at a distance?
white wig wags
CO Training
flashcards
Decks in class (3)
# Cards
