1
Q
Types of lifestyles:
A
- Cursorial
- Aerial
- Arboreal
- Saltorial
- Fossorial
- Aquatic locomotion
2
Q
Cursorial
A
- limbs adapted for running
1. Bones from carpals/ tarsals often fused —> run into toes to reduce contact with ground and friction
2. Tibia/ fibula and ulna/ radius = long —> lever to increase efficiency of motion
3
Q
Aerial
A
- limbs adapted for flight
1. Forelimb modified into wings - BIRDS: carpals and metacarpals fused
- BATS: rather than digits lost—> lengthened with flap of skin in between
4
Q
Arboreal
A
- adapted for life in the trees
1. Digits adapted for grasping so animal can swing through the trees
2. Wrist and ankle s have little fusion to increase flexibility
5
Q
Saltorial
A
- limbs adapted to jumping
1. Hind limbs = lengthened —> act as over during jumping, and muscular —> for thrust
2. Digits of hind limb (toes) = linger for stability and balance
3. Forelimbs = smaller —> used for landing and/or feeding
6
Q
Foot posture:
A
- Plantigrade
- Digitigrade
- Unguligrade
7
Q
Plantigrade
A
Squirrel
8
Q
Digitigrade
A
Dog
9
Q
Unguligrade
A
Deer
10
Q
Tetrapod
A
Four limbs
11
Q
Fossorial
A
- adapted for burrowing or digging
1. Humerus = strong and solid —> acts as shock absorber - attachment to collar bone and scapula modified to allow animal to push soil from the front to the sides allowing forward motion
2. Digits = thickened and strengthened —> acts as paddles for moving through soil
3. Often plantigrade —> wall flat-footed
4. Live predominantly underground
12
Q
Aquatic
A
- adapted for life in water
- limbs adapted for swimming
1. Forelimb - modified to flippers —> act as paddles to propel
2. Flipper = flattened —> reduces friction —> allows for galloping motion rather than sinusoid all as in fish
3. Hind limb normally lost
