Evolution

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Process of biological change. How modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

Question 2

Macroevolution

Answer 2

Large scale changes that happen over a long period of time

Question 3

Microevolution

Answer 3

Small changes that happen over a smaller period of time

Question 4

All living organisms have…?

Answer 4

Use DNA as genetic material, very similar genetic codes, use the same process of transcription and translation, and use the same amino acids.

Question 5

Developmental Similarities

Answer 5

Mature forms come from similar embryonic tissues, early forms look similar, and similarities in early development imply similar genes

Question 6

Anatomical Evidence

Answer 6

Sharing structural similarities, but have different functions

Question 7

Vestigial Structures

Answer 7

Evolutionary leftovers that lose function. Able to be observed for evidence of evolution.

Question 8

Fossils

Answer 8

Preserved remains of an organism usually found in a sedimentary rock.

Question 9

Geologic Time Scale

Answer 9

System of chronological dating that relates rock layers (geologic strata) to time.

Question 10

Phylogenetic Trees

Answer 10

Diagram that represents evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Question 11

Biogeography

Answer 11

Global distribution of organisms. Distributions follow patterns that are explained by evolution from common ancestors and plate tectonics.

Question 12

Direct Evidence

Answer 12

We can observe small scaled evolution in organisms with short life cycles.

Question 13

Natural Selection

Answer 13

A mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations show differential reproductive success.

Question 14

Fitness

Answer 14

An individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.

Question 15

Artificial Selection

Answer 15

Us humans breeding organisms in a certain way in order to get the traits we want.

Question 16

Variation (Natural Selection)

Answer 16

Differences in individuals’ traits, natural variation occurs in populations.

Question 17

Overproduction (Natural Selection)

Answer 17

More offspring are produced than can survive.

Question 18

Competition (Natural Selection)

Answer 18

Individuals must compete for resources and some individuals will outcompete others.

Question 19

Adaptation (Natural Selection)

Answer 19

Beneficial traits become more common in the population over time as individuals with those characteristics survive better and reproduce more often.

Question 20

Normal Distribution (Natural Selection Type)

Answer 20

Shows the data arrangement where most values fall in the middle of the data set.

It is bell-shaped and symmetrical.

Question 21

Stabilizing Selection (Natural Selection Type)

Answer 21

Intermediate phenotypes are selected over extreme phenotypes.

Narrows the bell curve.

Question 22

Directional Selection (Natural Selection Type)

Answer 22

One extreme phenotype is selected over all the other phenotypes.

Shifts the bell curve toward the favored extreme.

Question 23

Disruptive Selection (Natural Selection Type)

Answer 23

Both extreme phenotypes are more fit than the intermediate phenotype.

Makes multiple peaks in the bell curve.

Question 24

Species

Answer 24

A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 25

Speciation

Answer 25

The rise of two or more species from just one

Question 26

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 26

When one ancestral species quickly diversifies and adapts to different environments to become many different species that fill a variety of niches

Question 27

What needs to happen for speciation to occur?

Answer 27

The species must become reproductively isolated, so they don't breed with their own kind

Question 28

Allopatric speciation

Answer 28

Speciation through geographic isolation

Question 29

Sympatric speciation

Answer 29

Speciation without geographic isolation

Question 30

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 30

Is the pattern of long stable periods of geologic time interrupted by brief periods of rapid change

Question 31

Gradualism

Answer 31

Theory that earth is millions of years old due to rock growth speeds

Question 32

Uniformitarianism

Answer 32

Geologic processes that shape the Earth are caused by natural forces and that past events must be explained in processes that can currently be observed

Question 33

Gene Pool

Answer 33

The collection of alleles in all of the individuals in a population