Convergent evolution
When distant species develop similar adaptations and niches.
Coevolution
Species evolve to become more dependent upon one another. Over millions of years species that intersect closely often adapt to one another.
Adaptive Radiation
Evolution of many diversely adapted species from one common ancestor. Over a relatively short period of time.
Stabilizing Selection
Selective pressures that select against the 2 extremes of a trait. Population experiences stabilizing selection.
Divergent evolution
Isolated populations evolve when geographical barriers separate members. As generations pass they can no longer interbreed