Imprinting
environmental patterns/objects present in development (during critical period) becomes permanent to behavioural environment
Pecking Order
relationship among members of same species with social hierarchy (dominant > subordinate). minimize violent aggressions and define stable relationships
Definition and types of Genetic drift
- change in composition of gene pool due to chance
- larger effect on smaller populations
- founder effect: isolated group, genetic drift, small population
- bottleneck effect: large die off event that affects genetic drift (composition)
adaptive radiation
emergence of number of lineages from single ancestral species; difference is their niche i.e. galapagos finches
What is Dawin’s Theory of Natural Selection?
pressures in the environment select for organism most fit
Fitness is defined by darwin as
The ability to survive and reproduce
List 6 agents leading to evolutionary change as stated by Darwin.
- overpopulation
- variations (in offspring i.e. mutations)
- competition
- natural selection (variations that give advantage)
- inheritance of the variations
- evolution of a new species
How does speciation often occur?
Local populations that closely resemble each other (demes)
- isolated
- no gene flow
- mutations or new combination of genes maintained in isolated population
- genetic differences make mating impossible
Define parallel evolution and what other type of evolution it is similar to
- parallel and convergent evolution
- parallel - a more recent common ancestor can be identified i.e. marsupials
- convergent - similar traits, but no recent common ancestor identified
Homologous vs analogous structures
homologous: same basic anatomical features, functions different
analagous: similar function, different pattern/structures (wings of bird vs wings of fly)
