What is the evolution of the nervous system?
- neurons were 1st arranged as nerve nets
- neurons started to coalesce
What kind of cerebral cortex do humans have?
an enlarged one
What do proteins code for?
- GENES not traits
What do proteins allow for?
- formation of the structure & chemical composition of the nervous system
- behavior is created
What is behavior influenced by?
genetics
What is a phenotype?
- the measure of a trait
What is the unbreeding technique?
- mating siblings over 20 generation
- every individual is nearly 100% genetically identical
What is the selective breeding technique?
- mating individuals with similar phenotype
What is the knockout technique?
techniques to make a specific gene not functional
What is the knock-in technique?
addition of sequence into the genome
What is the GWAs technique?
genome-wide association study
What is the definition of Heritability?
proportion of the population variance accounted for by genetic variance
What does heritability measure?
measures variances, not cause
What is the equation for heritability?
H^2 = variability of genotype
variability of population
What is a 0 in heritability?
nothing in phenotype variation is accounted for by genetic variation
What is a 1 in heritability?
all of the variability in the population is accounted for by genetic variability
what doesn’t high heritability mean?
it doesn’t mean low environmental influence
T or F: heritability statistic cannot change in different environments
false
- it can change in different environments
- it doesn’t apply to individuals
- doesn’t say anything about how genes works on the phenotype
What is epigenetic?
the mechanisms that turn genes on & off without changing the actual sequence of the genome
What does epigenetic help with?
- helps stage development
- environmental influences
- methylation turns genes off
T or F: some epigenetic markers can be inherited
true:
- like hormone receptors that affect stress
