Evolution + Speciation

Question 1

What is the binomial naming system?

Answer 1

A way of naming organisms by using their genus name and species name

Question 2

What do evolutionary trees show?

Answer 2

The relationship between different groups and species by a common ancestor

Question 3

What are the main three ways fossils can form?

Answer 3

• gradual replacement by minerals
• preservation (amber)
• casts and impressions

Question 4

What are the reasons for extinction?

Answer 4

• environment changes too quickly
• new disease
• predators / human hunting
• new species (competition)
• catastrophic event

Question 5

Why is there a gap in the fossil record?

Answer 5

• soft bodied organism decay quickly
• really old fossils destroyed

Question 6

What are the name of genetically modifying products for medical or pharmisutical reasons?

Answer 6

Pharming

Question 7

What are the uses for genetic modifcation in agriculture?

Answer 7

• to make crops disease resistant
• resistance to herbicides
• improve nutritional value of crops
• tolerance to temperature (hot / cold climate)

Question 8

What are the pros of genetic modification?

Answer 8

• can be used to treat genetic or inherited disorders
• could help treat hunger (golden rice)
• farmers can breed crops that are resistance to herbicides and insecticides
• allow plants or animals to grow faster

Question 9

What are the cons of genetic modification?

Answer 9

• risk of transferring the gene from the GM organism to another
• plants could potentially have lower nutritional value
• if humans eat GM food could have a health impact
• extremely expensive and lengthy process

Question 10

What is the only way new alleles are made?

Answer 10

Mutations

Question 11

What is speciation

Answer 11

When two animal populations split and evolve so much they can no longer reproduce (so are now two separate species)

Question 12

What is evolution?

Answer 12

The gradual change of inherited characteristics of biological populations over time

Question 13

What are the names of the three domains and what do they include?

Answer 13

Eukaryota: protists, fungi, plants, animals
Bacteria: true bacteria
Archaea: bacteria living in extreme environments

Question 14

What is the process of genetic engineering/modification?

Answer 14

• enzymes are isolated and ‘cut out’
• the gene is then inserted into a vectore using more enzymes
• vector is then used to insert the gene into the required cells
• genes are transferred to the cells at an early stage of the development (e.g. embryo)

Question 15

What is the theory of natural selection?

Answer 15

Everything evolved from the same simple life form that developed 3 billion years ago

Question 16

What are the reasons for extinction?

Answer 16

• new disease
• new predators
• interspecific competition
• single catastrophic event
• changes to environment (over time)

Question 17

What was Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 17

Survival of the fittest - characteristics are passed onto offspring in genes

Question 18

What is the order of classification?

Answer 18

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 19

What is the domain and kingdom of animals?

Answer 19

• eukariota
• animalia