Evolution+Speciation

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

The cumulatitive changes in the characteristics of species through genetic variation and natural selection driven by environmental pressures.

Question 2

Key drivers of evolution

Answer 2

natural selection and genetic variation

Question 3

Natural selection and evolution

Answer 3

Individuals with favorable traits survive environmental pressures and pass them to offspring, increasing the allele frequency of those traits in the population.

Question 4

Variation and evolution

Answer 4

mutation in DNA(cause phenotypic varation), meiosis and reproduction,

Question 5

Problem with overr-reproduction

Answer 5

Exceeding carrying capacity of the area/intraspecific competition/interspecific competion over food and resources

Question 6

Acquired characteristics

Answer 6

changes within an individuals lifetime(muscle growth, scars, behaviour)

Question 7

Divergent evolution

Answer 7

One ancestral species gives rise to two or more new species, each adapted to different environments.

Question 8

Evidence of divergent evolution

Answer 8

Homologus structure-same ancestor=similar anatomy but different function

Question 9

Convergent evolution

Answer 9

Stems from analogus structure when has similar function but different origin

Question 10

Causes of convergent evolution

Answer 10

Different species develop similar traits independently because of facing dimilar environmental pressures(e.g dolphin and shark)

Question 11

selective breeding and evolution

Answer 11

A form of artificial selection where humans choose desirable traits to increase their frequency in offspring(e.g wolf–>different dog breeds)

Question 12

Allopatric speciation

Answer 12

New species form when populations are geographically isolated, preventing gene flow and causing divergence in traits

Question 13

Causes of allopatric speciation

Answer 13

Occurs when a population is geographically isolated, stopping gene flow. Different selection pressures and genetic drift change allele frequencies, leading to new species with distinct phenotypes.

Question 14

Sympatric speciation

Answer 14

Two population of species occupying same area but different niche

Question 15

Causes of sympatric speciation

Answer 15

New species arise within the same geographic area due to reproductive isolation (e.g., behavioral changes, temporal isolation, or polyploidy in plants), which prevents gene flow.

Question 16

Hybridisation

Answer 16

The process in which a hybrid is produced through mating but offspring is infertile

Question 17

Infertile hybrids

Answer 17

fusion of gametes from different species produce infertile hybrids as chromosomes are mismatched and cannot form homologus pair

Question 18

instant speciation

Answer 18

Some plant speciation can occur within a single generation