Evolution Week 1

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

• highly organized compartment bounded by a plasma membrane that contains concentrated chemicals in aqueous solution
• chemicals rxns occur inside cells that sustain life

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

• broad explanation based on many lines of evidence
• aids in the generation of new hypotheses
  has withstood rigorous scientific testing

Question 3

Cell theory

Answer 3

1. All organisms are made of cells
2. all cells come from preexisting cells (most cells reproduce by dividing, copying themselves)

Question 4

What is evolution?

Answer 4

• evolution describes a change in a population over time
  population change can happen in different ways
  evolution cannot just be reduced to “survival of the fittest”

Question 5

What is the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 5

1. All species related by common ancestry
2. characteristics of species modified from generation to generation: “descent through modification”

Question 6

For a population to change through natural selection, what 2 occurrences have to happen?

Answer 6

1. there must be variation in the population
2. something causes differential survival in the population
   te traits of the surviving population are inherited by the next generation

Question 7

Definition of population

Answer 7

• Group of individuals of same species living in same area at the same time

Question 8

What 2 conditions for natural selection to occur in a population?

Answer 8

1. Individuals in a population vary in characteristics that are heritable (passed on to offspring) (VARIATION)
2. in a particular environment, certain versions of these heritable traits help individuals survive better or reproduce more than other versions (HERITABILITY)

Question 9

Natural selection does not change in individuals…

Answer 9

during the process, individuals do not change-only the population does.

Question 10

True or False: Selection can be artificial in nature

Answer 10

True (example: agriculture)

Question 11

Definition of Artificial selection

Answer 11

• Individuals in a population are selected for mating based on particular traits

Question 12

Definition of speciation:

Answer 12

• natural selection has caused populations of one species to diverge to form new species