Evolutionary Foundations

Question 1

What is the simplified view of evolution? 5 things

Answer 1

• infrequent mistakes in DNA replication lead to mutations
• most mutations are harmful or neutral
  -occasionally, mutations are helpful, leading to a survival advantage
  -sometimes genes are duplicated
  -can mutate to form new proteins

Question 2

Give an example of a possible mechanism for evolution of new enzymes

Answer 2

Hexokinase

Question 3

——– arose by chemical evolution

Answer 3

biomolecules

Question 4

Eukaryotes have evolved through _______.

Answer 4

Endosymbiosis, they had a symbiotic relationship with bacteria.

Question 5

What is the Krebs cycle?

Answer 5

The central hub of cellular metabolism

Question 6

Describe the evolution of the Krebs cycle

Answer 6

Believed to have evolved as two separate pathways:
-Reductive branch: provides a means of reoxidizing NADH from glycolysis
-Oxidative branch: provides substrates for lipid synthesis and amino acid synthesis
Eventually the increase in O2 allowed the cycle to complete and use O2 as the terminal electron acceptor