deals with grouping organisms and determining how they are related
systematics
focuses on classifying, naming, and grouping organisms
taxonomy
study of determining evol relationships or patterns of descent
phylogenetics
portray the evolutionary divergence
phylogeny tree
include protein’s amino acid sequence, differences in the gene’s individual nucleotide sequence, or differences in gene arrangements
molecular characteristics
examples of ultra-conserving genes
regulatory genes
genes encoding for tRNA
genes involved in ATP synthesis