Ex. 29

Question 1

Macromolecule

Answer 1

Polymer
Large structure made of smaller structures

Carbohydrates, Nucleic acids, Proteins, and Lipids

Question 2

Micromolecule

Answer 2

Monomer

Small structure that makes up larger structures

Question 3

Dehydration

Answer 3

Process of removing water to build macromolecules

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

Process of adding water to break down macromolecules into micromolecules

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Rich in sugar and starches

Can be broken down into simpler molecules that provide energy

Made of Saccharide

Question 6

Saccharide

Answer 6

Sugar

Makes up Carbohydrates

Question 7

Monosaccharide

Answer 7

carb made of 1 sugar molecule

ex. Glucose

Question 8

Sucrose

Answer 8

carb made from 1 molecule of glucose and 1 molecule of fructose
ex. Table sugar

Question 9

Oligosaccharide

Answer 9

Carbs with intermediate length anywhere between 3 to 100 monosaccharides

Question 10

Polysaccharide

Answer 10

Huge carb made of hundreds of monosaccharides

ex. Cellulose in plants

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

Essential to the structures and activities of life

Function as: energy source, fight infection, assist in O2 transportation

Macromoluecule made up of micromolecules called amino acids

Question 12

Peptide bonds

Answer 12

2 or more amino acids bonded together

Question 13

Dipeptide bond

Answer 13

2 amino acids bonded together

Question 14

Polypeptide chain

Answer 14

2 or more amino acids bonded together

Question 15

Protein shapes

Answer 15

Primary - Chain
Secondary - Folded/Pleated
Tertiary - 3D
Quaternary - Clustered

Question 16

Nucleic Acids

Answer 16

Make up an organism’s genetic information

DNA/RNA

Made up of the micromolecule nucleotide

Question 17

Nucleotide

Answer 17

Makes up DNA/RNA

Made of 3 components

1. Sugar
2. A phosphate group
3. A nitrogen base

Question 18

DNA Nitrogen bases

Answer 18

1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Guanine
4. Cytosine

G pairs with C
A pairs with T

Question 19

RNA Nitrogen bases

Answer 19

1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Cytosine
4. Uracil

G pairs with C
A pairs with U

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

used for energy storage and make up our cell membranes

2 classes: simple and compound

Question 21

Simple lipids

Answer 21

Contains only Carbons, Hydrogens, and Oxygen
Includes fats and steroids

Can be grouped as Monoglycerides, Diglycerides, and Triglycerides

Saturated or unsaturated

Question 22

Saturated Lipids

Answer 22

No double bonds

Solid

Question 23

Unsaturated Lipids

Answer 23

1 or more double bonds

Oils

Question 24

Compound lipids

Answer 24

Contains Carbons, Hydrogens, Oxygen, fatty acids, and glycerol

Question 25

DNA

Answer 25

Two strands During replication, the two strands untwist, pull apart, and the old strand becomes part of the new strand

Question 26

RNA

Answer 26

Singel stranded