Exam 1

Question 1

pathways in brein: van use naar abuse

Answer 1

1. initial drug use: craving and goal-directed behaviour.
   = PFC & mesolimbic dopamine pathway
2. drug habits
   = nigrostriatal pathway (substantia nigra -> posterior putamen)
3. addiction: compulsive behaviour
   = PFC dysfunction

Question 2

3 pathways

Answer 2

1. mesolimbic: VTA -> NAcc
2. nigrostriatal: SN -> posterior putamen
3. mesocortical: VTA -> PFC

Question 3

cues at home can lead to relapse: habit account vs. incentive sensitization

Answer 3

habit account: law of effect -> stimulus-> drug reward or relief from withdrawal -> response

incentive sensitization: CS (home) -> US (drug)

Question 4

goal directed action: waar in het brein, waar sensitive to, wat is de functie

Answer 4

• ventromedial PFC & caudate nucleus
• sensitive to consequences of actions: R-O relationship
• change the value of the outcome -> change the behavior

Question 5

habit-based action: waar in het brein, waar sensitive to, wat is de functie

Answer 5

• posterior putamen & premotor cortex
• insensitive to the consequences of action: S-R relationship
• efficient execution, freeing up cognitive resources

Question 7

people with addictions keep on using drugs due to…

Answer 7

1. strong cravings & incentive sensitization (liking vs. wanting) = VTA - nAcc (mesolimbic)
2. strong habits = subst. nigra - posterior putamen (nigrostriatal)
3. impaired cognitive control = VTA - PFC (mesocortical)