1
Q
C1
A
- atlas
- no body
- no bifid spine or spinous process
- anterior and posterior arches with lateral mass
2
Q
superior facets of C1…
A
articulate with occipital condyle
3
Q
C1 lateral mass
A
looks like lamina (is not), it is lateral to anterior arch
4
Q
C2
A
- axis
- has dens that forms pivot joint with atlas
5
Q
C7
A
- vertebra prominens
- no bifid spine
6
Q
Typical cervical vertebrae
A
- C3-C6
- bifid spine
- transverse process containing transverse foramen and anterior/posterior tubercles “split” by transverse foramen
7
Q
Articular facets
A
- face each other on horizontal plane
- facilitates rotation
8
Q
Actions of head and neck
A
- flexion
- extension
- lateral flexion
- rotation
- protraction
- retraction
9
Q
atalanto-occipital joint…
A
- is a synovial joint
- only flexes and extends
10
Q
atlanto-axial joint…
A
- joint is a pivot
- only rotates
11
Q
Numbering of cervical vertebrae
A
- cervical nerve running above it is corresponding number
- C7: has C7 above and C8 bellow
- C1 nerve sites between skull and C1
12
Q
Atlanto-axial articulations…
A
- atlas-dens pivot joint
2./3. gliding joints of inferior and superior facets
- allows for shaking of head “no no”
13
Q
Occipital-atlanto articulations…
A
- 2 gliding joins for the occipital condyles of skull and articular surfaces
- allows for up down motion of head “yes yes:
14
Q
occipitofrontalis
A
- has a frontal and occipital bellys separated by epicranial aponeurosis
15
Q
What is the epicranial aponeurosis
A
the central tendon of the scalp/occipitofrontalis muscle
16
Q
Origin of occipitofrontalis
A
superior nuchal line
17
Q
Insertion of occipitofrontalis
A
skin above supraorbital ridges
18
Q
Action of occipitofrontalis
A
elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forhead
19
Q
Innervation of occipitofrontalis
A
facial nerve CN VII
20
Q
cricoid cartilage
A
- encircles trachea
- composes the inferior-most boundary of the laryngeal skeleton
21
Q
Neck visceral skeleton
A
- hyoid bone
- superior trachea
22
Q
Laryngeal skeleton
A
- thyroid cartilage
- thyroid prominence
- cricoid cartilage
- epiglottis
23
Q
Superficial cervical fascia contents
A
- adipose tissue
- superficial lymph nodes
- loose areolar connective tissue
- facial muscle = platysma
- subcutaneous nerves
- small blood vessels
24
Q
platysma origin
A
- pectoral fascia and skin
25
Platysma insertion
- external surface of mandible, inferior border of mandible
26
innervation of platysma
facial nerve CN VII
27
action of platysma
- tenses anterior skin of the neck
- depresses mandible and labial angles
28
What is the clinical importance of fascia and compartments of the neck
- deep fascia compartments can act as highways for spread of infection
29
Deep cervical fascia
- encircles neck
- splits to form four fascial compartments
30
vertebral fascial unit of deep cervical fascia contains:
1. cervical vertebrae
2. prevertebral muscles
3. postvertebral muscles
4. cervical spinal nerve
31
visceral unit of deep cervical fascia contains:
1. trachea
2. thyroid gland
3. esophagus
32
carotid unit of deep cervical fascia contains:
1. internal jugular vein
2. common carotid artery
3. vagus nerve
33
muscular unit of deep cervical fascia contains:
1. sternocleidomastoid muscle
2. trapezius muscle
3. infrahyoid strap muscles
34
Alar fascia is formed by...
- divisions of anterior prevertebral fascia
- fascia running on the anterior portion of vertebral column
- attaches to transverse processes and superior mediastinum
35
The two potential spaces created by the division of anterior prevertebral fascia
- two potential spaces created anteriorly: retropharyngeal space and posteriorly: alar space
36
Clinical significance on alar space:
- alar space reaches the diaphragm
- airway could be compromised
- mediastinum could inflame
- infection can be due to a penetrating trauma or enter from other areas
37
Clinical significance of retropharyngeal space
- upper respiratory infection could spread to retropharyngeal lymph nodes
38
Borders of the posterior triangle
- posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- anterior border of trapezius
- central superior surface of clavicle
39
Borders of anterior triangle
- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- mid-sagittal line of neck
- inferior border of the mandible
40
Content of submandibular triangle
- mylohyoid muscle
- hypoglossus muscle
- mylohyoid nerve of mandibular nerve V3
- hypoglossal nerve CN XII
- lingual artery and vein
- facial artery and vein
- submandibular lymph nodes
- submandibular salivary glands
41
Content of submental triangle
- submental lymph nodes
- anterior juglar vein
42
content of carotid triangle
- common carotid artery
- internal jugular vein
- cranial nerves X, XI, XII
- branches of the cervical plexus
43
content of muscular triangle
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
- superior belly of omohyoid
44
Submental triangle borders
- only 1
- sides: anterior bellies of digastrics
- hyoid bone
45
Submandibular triangle borders
- inferior border of the mandible
- anterior belly of digastric
- stylohyoid
46
Carotid tirangle
- posterior belly of digastric
- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- superior belly of omohyoid
47
Muscular triangle borders
- midline of the neck
- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- superior belly of omohyoid
48
geniohyoid
a suprahyoid strap muscle superior to mylohyoid muscle
49
Geniohyoid origin
- mental spine of mandible
50
Genophyoid insertion
hyoid bone
51
geniohyoid innervation
C1 ventral ramus
52
geniohyoid action
elevates hyoid bone
53
Internal jular vein
deep drainage
54
external jugular vein
- superficial drainage
- drains into subclavian
55
Subclavian + internal jugular veins
brachiocephalic vein
56
retromandibular vein and facial vein form...
common facial vein
57
Superficial venous drainage of neck: formation retromandibular
anterior and posterior tributaries come together to form
58
Superficial drainage: external jugular formation...
- posterior retromandibular + posterior auricular
59
Superficial drainage: common facial formation
facial vein + anterior retromandibular vein
60
superficial drainage: tributaries of external jugular
- transverse cervical vein
- suprascapular vein
- anterior jugular vein
61
internal jugular tributaries: superior to inferior
- sigmoid sinus (intercranial)
- pharyngeal venous plexus
- common facial vein: facial + posterior retromandibular
- lingual vein
- superior thyroid
- middle thyroid
62
where does inferior thyroid drain into...
brachiocephalic vein
63
external jugular vein drains into...
subclavian
64
what makes up the brachiocephalic artery
subclavian artery + common carotid artery
65
internal carotid artery...
supplies the brain through the carotid canal
66
Vagus nerve CN X
- passes through skull via jugular foramen
- has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic branches in neck
67
Parasympathetic branches of vagus nerve in the neck
- pharyngeal nerves
- recurrent laryngeal nerve
- superior laryngeal nerve
68
Divisions of superior laryngeal nerve
- internal and external laryngeal nerves
69
Spinal accessory nerve XI
- passes through skull via jugular foramen
- innervated sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
70
hypoglossal nerve CN XII
- passes through hypoglossal canal
- picks up hitchhiking spinal nerve fibers in anterior triangle
- motor supply to muscles of the tongue
71
cervical plexus
- ventral (anterior) rami of spinal nerves C1-C5
- supply infrahyoid muscles and floor muscles of posterior triangle
72
C3-C5
motor and cutaneous branches to posterior triangle
73
C1 ventral rami to...
thyrohyoid and geniohyoid
74
Ansa cervicalis
- made of superior and inferior roots
- superior roots: C1-C2
- inferior roots: C2-C3
75
human spinal cord is divided into...
31 segments
76
Major groups of spinal cord
- C1- C8
- T1- T12
- L1- L5
- S1- S5
- Co1
77
Spinal cord runs through...
vertebral canal
78
31 pairs of spinal nerves pass through
intervertebral foramina
79
Spinal nerves divides into
- dorsal and ventral rami
80
dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
innervates skin and deep back muscles
81
ventral ramus of spinal nerve
- innervates side, ventral body, and limbs
- plexi made up of ventral rami only
82
dorsal root of spinal cord
sensory afferent (toward CNS)
83
ventral root of spinal cord
motor efferent (away from CNS)
84
plexi are only formed from...
anterior rami of spinal nerves
85
intercostal nerves
- T1-11
- no plexus here
86
lumbar plexus
- T12, L1-L4
87
Sacral plexus
L4-S4
88
Coccygeal plexus
S4-Co1
89
Brachial plexus
- C5-C 8, T1
90
Sternocleidomastoid clavicular head origin
manubrium
91
Sternocleidomastoid sternal head
manubrium
92
Sternocleidomastoid clavicular head
mastoid process
93
Sternocleidomastoid sternal head
later superior nuchal line
94
Sternocleidomastoid heads actions:
- flexes, rotates, and lateral flexes neck
- expands ribcage
95
Sternocleidomastoid innervation:
Spinal accessory CN X (C2-C3 ventral rami of spinal nerves)
96
Trapezius origins
- external occipital protuberance (inion)
- medial half of superior nuchal line
- lower cervical and all thoracic spines
97
Trapezius insertions
- Lateral third of clavicle
- acromion and spine of the scapula
98
Trapezius actions
- elevates and rotates scapula
- bilaterally extends head
- single muscle acts to rotate head and face to opposite side
- Right SCM contracts → head tilts right and rotates left (chin points left).
- Left SCM contracts → head tilts left and rotates right (chin points right).
99
Trapezius innervation
spinal accessory CN XI (C3-C4 ventral rami of spinal nerves)
100
floor of posterior triangle
Prevertebral fascia and 5 underlying muscles
- splenius capitis
- levator scapulae
- posterior scalene
- middle scalene
- anterior scalene
101
roof of posterior triangle (also anterior triangle)
- cervical deep fascia
Superficial
- platysma
- hypodermis
- skin
102
what separates the smaller triangles within the posterior triangle
- inferior belly of omohyoid
103
content of the posterior triangle
- nerves to levator scapulae
- spinal accessory nerve CN XI
- greater auricular nerve
- transverse cervical nerve
- supraclavicular nerve
- phrenic nerve
- brachial plexus
- external jugular vein
104
Sensory branches from cervical plexus
- anterior rami C2-C4
- lesser occipital nerve
- greater auricular nerve
- transverse cervical nerve
- supraclavicular nerves
105
Motor branches from cervical plexus
- phrenic nerve to diaphragm
- C3, 4, 5, keeps you alive
106
Erb's point
local anesthesia: injecting at midpoint of posterior border of sternocleidomastoid blocks all four sensory nerves of the posterior triangle
107
lesser occipital nerve innervates (skin region)...
skin over lateral posterior cranium
108
Spinal accessory nerve XI
motor innervation to SCM and trapezius
109
Great auricular nerve innervates (skin region)...
sensory skin over auricle, mastoid, and parotid
110
Transverse cervical nerve innervates (skin region)...
skin over cervical anterior triangle
111
Supraclavicular nerves innervates (skin region)...
supply skin of shoulder and pectoral region
112
What pins phrenic nerve
- transverse cervical artery
- suprascapular artery
They both cross into the posterior triangle (ant to sup)
113
Arterial flow in posterior triangle to arm
Subclavian a. --> axillary a. --> brachial a.
114
where is the brachiocephalic artery
in thorax
115
where is subclavian artery
in root of neck
116
where is thyrocervical trunk, what makes it up
in root of neck
- made by inferior thyroid a, transverse cervical a, suprascapular a
117
where is inferior thyroid artery
in the anterior triangle
118
the suprascapular artery...
follows inferior belly of omohyoid
119
subclavian becomes axillary artery at...
distal border of 1st rib
120
what artery comes off of subclavian and travels to the brain
vertebral artery
121
what are the external jugular veins tributaries
- anterior jugular vein
- transverse cervical vein
- suprascapular vein
122
origin of digastric
posterior belly from digastric notch of mastoid process
(digastric notch is a deep groove on the medial side of the mastoid process of the temporal bone)
123
digastric insertions
passes by intermediate tendon thru Stylohyoid & hyoid trochlea; ant belly inserts on digastric fossa of mandible (just lateral to symphysis menti)
124
digastric actions
- depresses and retracts mandible
- elevates hyoid
125
Posterior belly of digastric innervation
facial nerve VII
126
Anterior belly of digastric
Nerve to mylohyoid of mandibular nerve V3 CN V
127
Stylohyoid origin
styloid process of temporal bone
128
Stylohyoid insertion
splits around posterior belly of digastric and inserts on hyoid bone
129
Stylohyoid action
- elevates and retracts hyoid
130
Stylohyoid innervation
- facial nerve VII
131
Mylohyoid origin
mylohyhoid line of mandible
132
Mylohyoid insertions
hyoid bone and median raphe
133
Mylohyoid action
elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
134
Mylohyoid nerve
Nerve to mylohyoid of mandibular divisions of V3
135
Sternohyoid origin
posterior manubrium
136
sternohyoid insertions
hyoid bone
137
sternohyoid action
depresses hyoid
138
Sternohyoid innervation
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3 ventral rami of spinal nerves)
139
Sternothyroid origin
posterior maubrium
140
sternothyroid insertion
thyroid cartilage
141
sternthyroid action
depresses thyroid cartilage
142
Sternothyroid innervation
Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3 ventral rami)
143
Thyrohyoid origin
thyroid cartilage
144
thyrohyoid insertion
hyoid bone
145
thyrohyoid action
- depresses hyoid bone
- elevates larynx
146
thyrohyoid innervation
C1 ventral ramus of spinal nerve
147
omohyoid superior belly origin
superior border of scapula
148
omohyoid inferior belly origin
suprascapular ligament
149
omohyoid superior belly insertion
through clavicular trochlea
150
omohyoid inferior belly insertion
superiorly to hyoid bone
151
omohyoid bellies action
depresses hyoid and larynx
152
omohyoid bellies inervation
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3 ventral rami)
153
Ansa cervicalis of the cerivcal plexus
the superior root of C1 and inferior roots of C2-C3 meet at the larynx to form a loop
154
facial nerve VII passes through...
the stylomastoid foramen
155
borders of the occipital triangle
- posterior border of SCM
- anterior border of trapezius
- inferior belly of omohyoid
156
borders of subclavian triangle
- inferior belly of omohyoid
- posterior border of SCM
- clavicle
157
levator scapulae origin
- transverse process of C1-C4
158
levator scapulae insertion
superior angle of scapula
159
levator scapulae action
- elevates scapula
- rotates scapular downward
- laterally flexes neck
160
levator scapulae innervation
- dorsal scapular N (C3-C4)
161
splenius capitis origin
- ligamentum nuchae
- spinous process of C7
- upper thoracic vertebrae
162
splenius capitis insertion
- mastoid process
- superior nuchal line
163
splenius capitis actions
- extends, rotates, and laterally flexes neck/head
164
splenius capitis innervation
- dorsal rami of spinal nerves
165
Anterior Scalene origin
transverse processes of C3-C6
166
Anterior Scalene insertion
rib 1
167
Middle Scalene origine
transverse processes of C2-C7
168
Middle Scalene insertion
rib 1
169
Posterior scalene origin
transverse processes of C5-C6
170
Posterior scalene insertino
rib 2
171
Scalene muscles actions
- flexes and laterally flexes neck
- expands ribcage
172
Scalene muscle innervation
ventral rami of spinal nerves
173
Where is the nuchal ligament?
- From external occipital protuberance and medial superior nuchal line
- To spinous process of C7
174
What post triangle muscles attach to the nuchal ligament
- trapezius (medial attachment)
- splenius capitis (origin from the inferior half)
175
brachiocephalic artery splits into...
- common carotid artery
- subclavian artery
176
thyrocervical trunk artery splits into...
- suprascapular artery
- transverse cervical artery
- inferior thyroid artery
177
boundaries of the root of the neck
- (anteriorly) manubrium of sternum
- (laterally) first rib
- (posteriorly) vertebrae T-1
178
What blood and lymph vessels are in the root neck boundaries
- subclavian artery and vein
- ends of thoracic duct (from the thorax)
- right lymphatic duct (from arm and side of head
179
what nerves pass through the root of the neck
- Vagus CN X. and its recurrent laryngeal nerve
- Sympathetic trunk/chain
- Phrenic nerve: branch of cervical plexus going from the neck down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm
180
What are the visceral components of the root of the neck
- esophagus and trachea
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid gland
181
Function of thyroid gland
- produces thyroxine and controls metabolic rate
- iodine deficiency can cause thyroid hyperplasia (goiter)
182
Function of parathyroid glands
- endocrine glands produces parathyroid hormone to control calcium and phosphorus levels
- usually 4 embedded on posterior side of thyroid
183
Where are the glands of the root of the neck located?
- The thyroid gland sits on top of the trachea just inferior to the larynx (voice box)
- The 4 parathyroid glands are embedded posteriorly on the thyroid gland on the upper and lower poles of the thyroid lobes
184
What are the 3 ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
- superior cervical ganglion: Carotid nerve comes off of this ganglion which turns into sympathetic plexus traveling with internal and external carotid arteries
- middle cervical ganglion: connects superior to inferior
- inferior cervical ganglion: fuses with ganglion of T1 to form stellate ganglion. Inferior to this ganglion is the sympathetic trunk along lateral vertebral bodies deep to parietal pleura
185
In which spinal cord segments are sympathetic neuronal cell bodies located?
- Sympathetic neurons in the spinal cord are located in segments T1-L2, so cervical sympathetic nerves ascend from thoracic spinal cord to cervical ganglia
186
Where does internal jugular vein drain into?
- into the brachiocephalic vein
187
Which veins form the superior vena cava
- left and right brachiocephalic veins
188
Where do the veins of the thyroid gland generally drain?
- Superior and middle thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein
- The inferior thyroid gland then to the left brachiocephalic vein
189
location of the suboccipital region
- area between occipital skill, above and posterior atlas and axis bellow
- depp to trapezius and semisplinialis capitis muscles
190
Identify Semispinalis capitis and Splenius capitis as topographic markers in occipital region.
- Splenius capitis just deep to trapezius and superficial to semispinalis capitis
- Suboccipital triangle deep to semispinalis capitis
191
Deep to trapezius...
splenius and semispinalis capitis
192
Deep to splenius capitis...
rest of semisplinalis capitis
193
Deep to semispinalis capitis...
rectus minor and suboccipital triangle
194
Direction of semispinalis capitis fibers
- vertical
195
Direction of splenius capitis fibers
- oblique
196
Transverse stabilizing ligament
- stretches across the rings of the atlas, holding the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1
197
Alar stabilizing ligament
- extend from the sides of the dens to the occipital condyles
- limits excessive rotation
198
Apical stabilizing ligament
runs from the tip of the dens to the anterior margin of foramen magnum
199
Tectorial membrane stabilizer
- Runs from the body of C2 to the internal surface of the occipital bone
- helps prevent hyperflexion
200
Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament:
- connects anterior arch of the atlas to the occiput (base of skull)
- resists excess extension
201
Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
- connects posterior arch of the atlas to the occiput (base of skull)
- resists excess flexion
202
What is the superior continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
tectorial ligament
203
The cruciate ligament covers much of which part of C2?
the dens
204
Suboccipital muscles
intrinsic muscle of the back, so are innervated by posterior dorsal rami of cervical nerves (not the cervical plexus which is made up of ventral rami of cervical nerves)
205
Suboccipital triangle is formed by:
- obiquus capitis superior
- obliquss capitis inferior
- rectus capitis posterior major
206
Innervation to suboccipital triangle muscles
- suboccipital nerve: dorsal ramus of of C1 spinal nerve
207
Actions of suboccipital muscles (including rectus capitis posterior minor)
extend and rotate neck
208
rectus major is deep to
semispinalis capitis
209
rectus minor is deep and medial to
rectus major
210
which 3 nerves are found in the suboccipital region
- Suboccipital nerve: motor to the suboccipital muscles (dorsal ramus of C1)
- Greater occipital nerve: sensory nerve to back of the head and posterior scalp: Found on posterior surface of splenius capitis (dorsal ramus of C2)
- Third occipital nerve: sensory to a narrow strip of skin on either side of the midline of the back of the head (also known as least occipital nerve, dorsal ramus of C3)
211
Where lesser occpital nerve come from
- arises from the ventral rami of C2
- runs along the posterior border of SCM then ascends towards the scalp behind the ear
212
What does the lesser occpital nerve do?
- Provides cutaneous sensory innervation to the skin of the posterolateral scalp, upper part of the ear, and area behind the ear
213
Occipital nerves from sup to inf
- Greater occipital nerve: C2
- 3rd occipital nerve: C3
- Lesser occipital nerve: C2-3
214
What major artery is found in the suboccipital region
- vertebral artery
- runs through transverse formaina and into basilar artery in skull
215
What is the vertebral artery's pathway?
Subclavian artery → up through transverse foramina (C6–C1) → curves around posterior arch of atlas → enters skull via foramen magnum → joins contralateral vertebral artery → basilar artery
216
From where does the vertebral artery branch?
subclavian artery
217
Bones of neurocranium
- frontal bone
- parietal bone
- temporal
- occipital bone
- sphenoid bone
- ethmoid bone
218
Bones of viscerocranium
- Mandible
- Maxillae
- Zygomatic bones
- Nasal bones
- Lacrimal bones
- Vomer
- Palatine bones
- Inferior nasal conchae
219
face
runs from hairline down to inferior border of mandible, openings in the face for sensory structures: eyes, nostrils, oral cavity
220
forehead region features
- frontal eminences
- supraorbital margin
- superciliary arch
- glabella
221
temporal region features: temple and anterior to external ear features
- temporal lines
- temporal fossa
- temporalis muscle
222
orbital region features:
- upper eyelids and lashes (cilia)
- lower eyelids and lashed (cilia)
- superior papilla and punctum
- inferior papilla nad punctum
- lateral palpebral commisures
- medial palpebral commisures
- eye ball
223
orbital papilla
- ridges on medical sides of lids
224
orbital punctum
- small hole that sucks in tears
- on papilla
225
infraorbital region
- area under orbital region
226
nasal region features (sup to inf)
- nasal bones
- lateral cartilage
- septal cartilage
- alar cartilage
- fiboareolar tissue
- external nares
227
alar cartilage
- forms the wings of the nose keeping nostrils open (rigid)
- more anterior
228
fibroareolar tissue
- not as rigid
- makes the lateral portion of nares
229
zygomatic / malar region
- zygomatic bone makes the border of this region, contains:
- zygomatic arch
- temporomandibular joint
- upper massester muscle
230
Buccal region
- lower portion of masseter
- angle of the mandible
- buccinator
231
oral region
- superior labium (upper lip)
- inferior labium (lower lip)
- nasolabial groove: smile lines
- philtrum: dip under nose
- lateral commissures: corners of mouth
- vermillion border (top of upper lip)
- labiomental border (bottom of lower lip)
- transition zones: dry to wet mucosa
232
mental region features
- mental protuberance
233
external ear features (sup to inf)
- helix
- tragus
- lobule
- the external ear contains the largest amount of elastic cartilage in the body
234
auricular muscles
- superior auricular
- posterior auricular
- anterior auricular
235
innervation to auricular ear muscles
CN VII
236
skin and fascia (face skin)
- medium to thin
- pliable and movable
- fixed to cartilage of ear and ala of nose
- numerous sweat and sebaceous glands
237
superficial fascia of face
- contains connective tissue and fat (buccal fat pad)
- vessels, nerves, and superficial muscles of expression
238
deep fascia of face
- no discrete layer in face unlike the neck
239
V1
- ophthalmic division of trigeminal
- sensory
240
ophthalmic division V1 cutaneous branches
- supraorbital nerve
- supratrochlear nerve
- infratrochlear nerve
- lacrimal nerve
- external nasal nerve
241
V2
- maxillary division
- sensory
242
maxillary division V2
- infraorbital nerve
- zygomaticofacial nerve
- zygomaticotemporal nerve
243
V3
- mandibular division
- sensory and motor
244
Mandibular division V3
- auriculotemporal nerve
- lonng buccal nerve
- mental nerve
245
branches of infraorbital nerve
- inferior palpebral: lower eyelid
- laster nasal: side of nose
- superior labial: upper lip
246
branches of mental nerve
- mental: chin
- inferior labial: lower lip
- gingival: labial incisor gingiva
247
What nerve innervates the bottom of ear to angle of mandible region
- great auricular nerve
248
branches of ophthalmic artery
- supraorbital a.
- supratrochlear a.
- dorsal nasal a.
- lacrimal a.
- external nasal a.
- zygomaticofacial a.
- zygomaticotemporal a.
249
branches of the maxillary artery
- infraorbital a.
- buccal a.
- mental a.
250
branches of facial artery
- labial branches: superior and inferior
- nasal branches
- angular branches
251
branches of the facial artery from sup to inf
- angular artery
- nasal branch
- superior labial
- interior labial
252
all of the branches of the ophthalmic artery have corresponding nerves with the same name except:
dorsal nasal artery --> infratrochlear nerve
253
The nerve associated with superficial temporal artery:
auricular temporal nerve
254
Transverse facial artery
- comes of of external carotid artery
- runs along temporal process of zygomatic
255
veins in the face
- do not have valves
- blood can flow either to the large veins in the neck, OR to the large venous channels located in the interior of the cranium
256
most facial veins drains deep into...
ophthalmic vein
257
face veins drain superficially into...
facial vein
258
drainage of facial vein...
First to angular vein, next superior ophthalmic vein, then cavernous sinus
259
nasal veins drain into
infraorbital vein
260
deep fascial vein drains into...
pterygoid plexus
261
superior and inferior labial veins drain into...
infraorbital and mental veins
262
what other veins drain into the pterygoid plexus
- infraorbital
- mental
263
danger zone of the face
veins drain into the cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus so infection can spread to the region
264
orbicular oris action
compress the lips, close the mouth, protrude lips
265
levator anguli oris interstion
- deep side
- inserts into the angle of mouth
266
levator anguli oris action
- elevate/levitate the angle of the mouth
267
zygomaticus major origin
zygomatic bone
268
zygomaticus major insertion
into the angle of the mouth
269
zygotmaticus major action
draw the angles of the mouth up and back
270
depressor anguli oris insertion
goes into the angle of the mouth inferiorly
271
depressor anguli oris action
depresses the angle of the mouth
272
risorius insertion
into the angle of the mouth from the lateral aspect
273
risorius action
draw the angle of the mouth laterally
274
Levator labii superioris and Levator labii superioris alaque nasii (LLSAN) insertion
in various area of alar cartilage/skin of the nose and into the upper lip
275
Levator labii superioris and Levator labii superioris alaque nasii (LLSAN) action
elevate the upper lip and flare out the nostrils
276
zygomatic minor insertion
into the skin and muscle of the upper lip
277
zygomatic minor action
elevate the upper lip
278
depressor labii inferioris insertion
insert into the lower lip
279
depresser labii inferioris action
depress the lower lip
280
buccinator (deep) origin
- pterygomandibular raphe, buccal alveolar process maxilla and mandible
281
buccinator (deep) insertion
- orbicularis orris
- lateral lower lip
282
buccinator (deep) action
- compress the cheeks against the molars during mastication
- contract out when you are blowing or sucking in
283
frontalis origin
galia aponeurotica
284
frontalis insertion
into the superciliary brow ridge and the skin overlying
285
frontalis action
pull the scalp up and back, in doing so raises eyebrows
286
orbicularis oculi orbital portion action
close the eyelids forcefully
287
orbicularis oculi palpebral portion action
active when you are winking or blinking
288
orbicularis oculi orbital portion
most external part encircling orbit
289
orbicularis oculi palpebral portion
covers the upper and lower eyelids
290
procerus insertion
into the skin overlying the the glabella
291
procerus action
causes transverse wrinkling of the skin of the nose
292
corrugator insertion
into the skin overlying the eyebrow
293
corrugator action
causes worry lines between your eyes, vertical wrinkles
294
nasalis
compressor, dilator
295
nasalis action
compress the nostrils and dilate/flare the nostrils
296
mentalis
deep to depressor labii inferioris
297
mentalis origin
incisive fossa of the mandible
298
mentalis insertion
into the skin overlying it
299
mentalis action
pucker the chin and protrude the lower lip
300
what is the motor innervation of the face
Facial CN VII
301
what are the 5 major divisions of the cranial nerve VII
- temporal: forehead and orbit muscles
- zygomatic: zygomatic, orbital and infraorbital muscles
- buccal: cheeks and circumoral muscle
- mandibular: lower lip and chin muscles
- cervical: cervical muscles (platysma, posterior digastric, and stylohyoid)
302
what are the additional branches of CN VII?
- posterior auricular branch: auricular muscles of the ear
- occipital branch: occipital muscle
303
What are the 5 layers of the scalp
1. skin
2. connective tissue
3. aponeurosis
4. loose areolar tissue
5. pericranium
304
Two zebras bit my clavicle painfully
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
- posterior auricular
branches of CN VII
305
skin of scalp
- thick
- hair follicles
- glands
- covers scalp
306
connective tissue of scalp
- thick
- dense vascular
- innervated
- emissary veins
- anchored to aponeurosis
- subcutaneous tissue
307
aponeurosis of scalp
- galea aponeurotica
- tendon of occipitofrontalis muscle
- has common tendon
308
losse areolar tissue of scalp
- mobile
- transmits bacteria and blood
- site for infection
- scale detachment
309
arterial supply anterior to the ear (scalp)
- ophthalmic artery (supratrochlear a. and supraorbital a.)
- external carotid a. (superficial temporal)
310
arterial supply posterior to ear (scalp)
external carotid a. (posterior auricular a. and occipital a.)
311
sensory innervation anterior to the ear (scalp)
3 divisions of CN V
- V1: supratrochlear and supraorbital
- V2: zygomaticotemporal
- V3: auriculotemporal
312
sensory innervation posterior to ear
- lesser occipital
- greater occipital
- 3rd occipital
Head and neck
flashcards
Decks in class (13)
# Cards
-
Exam 1312
-
Exam 2 - Parotid region and muscles of mastication38
-
Practical-1100
-
Exam 2 - Contents of the Neurocranium71
-
Exam 2 - Review of Nervous System and CNs91
-
CN and Nuclei5
-
Exam 2 - Cranial Nerve V (trigeminal)68
-
Special fibers21
-
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Exam 373
-
Pharynx and Larynx Exam 395
-
pterygopalatine fossa42
-
practical 22
-
Artery and Vein review56
