microcontrollers > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The microcontroller used in the Arduino Uno R3 is:
A. ATmega2560
B. ATmega328P
C. ESP8266
D. PIC16F877

A

B

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2
Q

The Arduino Uno R3 is known as the:
A. Smallest Arduino board
B. Standard flagship board for beginners
C. Wireless Arduino board
D. Industrial Arduino board

A

B

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3
Q

The Arduino Uno R3 includes which feature that makes it plug-and-play with computers?
A. Wi-Fi module
B. Bluetooth chip
C. USB-to-Serial converter
D. Ethernet port

A

C

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4
Q

The Arduino Mini 05 is primarily designed for:
A. Internet connectivity
B. Large industrial projects
C. Compact or space-limited projects
D. Wireless communication

A

C

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5
Q

Which board does NOT have an onboard USB port?
A. Arduino Uno
B. Arduino Mini 05
C. Arduino Mega
D. Arduino Leonardo

A

B

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6
Q

Programming the Arduino Mini 05 requires:
A. Bluetooth module
B. External FTDI adapter or Arduino ISP
C. Wi-Fi shield
D. Ethernet cable

A

B

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7
Q

The Arduino Ethernet board includes which networking feature?
A. HDMI port
B. RJ45 Ethernet port
C. Bluetooth antenna
D. Wi-Fi chip

A

B

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8
Q

The Arduino Ethernet board contains which storage feature?
A. Flash drive slot
B. Hard drive slot
C. microSD card slot
D. SIM card slot

A

C

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9
Q

The Arduino Ethernet board differs from the Uno because it:
A. Has no microcontroller
B. Lacks a USB-to-Serial chip
C. Cannot connect sensors
D. Uses a different programming language

A

B

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10
Q

A project requiring multiple sensor inputs would most likely use:
A. Arduino Uno R3
B. Arduino Mini
C. Arduino Ethernet
D. Arduino Pro Mini

A

A

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11
Q

The USB port on an Arduino board is mainly used to:
A. Control sensors
B. Supply power and upload code
C. Store data
D. Control motors

A

B

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12
Q

The barrel jack serves as:
A. Alternative external power input
B. Digital input port
C. Data storage interface
D. Analog output

A

A

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13
Q

The voltage regulator ensures that:
A. Data is transmitted correctly
B. The voltage supplied remains stable
C. The microcontroller runs faster
D. Sensors work more accurately

A

B

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14
Q

The crystal oscillator provides:
A. Electrical insulation
B. Clock timing signal
C. Power storage
D. Wireless communication

A

B

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15
Q

The external reset pin allows users to:
A. Increase voltage
B. Add an external reset button
C. Control LEDs
D. Adjust analog signals

A

B

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16
Q

The 3.3V pin provides:
A. Digital signals
B. 3.3 volts power output
C. Analog input
D. Ground reference

A

B

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17
Q

The 5V pin is used to:
A. Provide 5V power to components
B. Reset the Arduino
C. Store data
D. Send analog signals

A

A

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18
Q

The GND pin acts as:
A. Signal amplifier
B. Electrical return path
C. Voltage converter
D. Clock signal

A

B

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19
Q

The VIN pin allows:
A. External voltage input to power Arduino
B. Sensor calibration
C. Digital communication
D. Program uploading

A

A

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20
Q

Analog pins convert voltage into numerical values between:
A. 0–100
B. 0–255
C. 0–1023
D. 0–4096

A

C

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21
Q

The main microcontroller on the Arduino board is responsible for:
A. Running the program and controlling operations
B. Power regulation
C. Wireless communication
D. Sensor detection

A

A

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22
Q

The ICSP pins are used for:
A. SPI communication and programming
B. Motor control
C. LED display
D. Sensor calibration

A

A

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23
Q

The power LED indicator shows that:
A. Sensors are active
B. Data is transmitting
C. The board has power
D. The program finished running

A

C

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24
Q

The TX and RX LEDs indicate:
A. Analog voltage levels
B. Temperature changes
C. Data transmission and reception
D. Motor speed

A

C

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25
The AREF pin allows: A. Custom reference voltage for analog readings B. Resetting Arduino C. Increasing sensor sensitivity D. Powering motors
A
26
Digital pins operate using which states? A. Continuous voltage B. HIGH or LOW C. Binary and analog D. Frequency waves
B
27
Digital pins are typically used for: A. Reading temperature values B. Switching devices ON or OFF C. Measuring voltage variation D. Detecting humidity
B
28
Analog pins are used to: A. Send digital signals B. Read variable voltage signals C. Control motors D. Reset circuits
B
29
Analog pins convert sensor voltage into: A. Binary codes B. Numerical values C. Sound signals D. Light pulses
B
30
Which device typically uses digital signals? A. LED switch control B. Temperature sensor reading C. pH measurement D. Humidity detection
A
31
Which device typically uses analog signals? A. Push button B. LED blinking C. LM35 temperature sensor D. Relay switching
C
32
Analog pins help detect: A. Binary states only B. Small changes in physical conditions C. Digital pulses only D. Electrical shorts
B
33
Sensors measuring light, temperature, or sound typically require: A. Digital pins only B. Analog pins C. Power pins D. Communication pins
B
34
Digital signals represent: A. Continuous values B. Two discrete states C. Voltage waves D. Frequency signals
B
35
Analog inputs allow Arduino to understand: A. Detailed environmental data B. Only ON/OFF signals C. Only binary code D. Only digital signals
A
36
The KY-036 Metal Touch Sensor detects: A. Temperature B. Electrical conductivity changes C. Sound waves D. Pressure
B
37
The KY-036 sensor can produce: A. Analog output only B. Digital output only C. Both analog and digital outputs D. PWM signals
C
38
The LM35 Temperature Sensor outputs: A. Linear analog voltage proportional to Celsius B. Binary digital signals C. Ultrasonic waves D. PWM signals
A
39
The LM35 sensor is known for: A. Factory calibration B. Wireless communication C. High voltage output D. Magnetic detection
A
40
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor measures distance by: A. Light reflection B. Echo timing of sound waves C. Electrical conductivity D. Magnetic detection
B
41
The typical distance range of the HC-SR04 sensor is: A. 1–50 cm B. 2–400 cm C. 10–100 cm D. 5–200 cm
B
42
The DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor provides data using: A. Analog voltage B. Single-wire digital serial data C. Pulse width modulation D. Binary switch
B
43
A water detector sensor detects: A. Water level or presence B. Gas concentration C. Magnetic fields D. Pressure
A
44
The water sensor produces: A. Analog voltage based on moisture B. Digital pulse output C. PWM signal D. Magnetic signal
A
45
A pH sensor measures: A. Light intensity B. Acidity or alkalinity of liquids C. Humidity level D. Water pressure
B
46
The 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor is known for: A. High speed rotation B. Precise step movement C. Wireless communication D. Audio output
B
47
The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor typically operates at: A. 3V B. 5V C. 12V D. 24V
B
48
The stepper motor commonly uses which driver module? A. L298N B. ULN2003 C. BTS7960 D. DRV8825
B
49
The SG90 Servo Motor operates using: A. Analog signals B. PWM signals C. Digital clock signals D. AC power
B
50
The SG90 servo motor typically rotates between: A. 0°–90° B. 0°–180° C. 0°–270° D. 0°–360°
B
51
A buzzer is mainly used to: A. Detect sound B. Produce sound alerts C. Measure voltage D. Store energy
B
52
LEDs are commonly used as: A. Voltage regulators B. Visual indicators C. Sensors D. Power supplies
B
53
A relay module allows Arduino to: A. Store electrical energy B. Control high-voltage devices C. Measure analog signals D. Detect humidity
B
54
Relays operate using: A. Electromagnetic mechanical switching B. Magnetic sensors C. Thermal sensors D. Optical signals
A
55
PWM signals can be used to: A. Control LED brightness B. Increase voltage C. Reduce resistance D. Measure current
A
56
Resistors are used to: A. Limit current flow B. Generate electricity C. Detect temperature D. Store data
A
57
Potentiometers act as: A. Fixed resistors B. Variable resistors C. Voltage generators D. Capacitors
B
58
Capacitors store: A. Electrical charge temporarily B. Magnetic fields C. Digital signals D. Heat energy
A
59
NPN transistors function as: A. Voltage regulators B. Electronic switches C. Sensors D. Oscillators
B
60
RGB LEDs combine: A. Three colors (Red, Green, Blue) B. Two colors C. Four colors D. Five colors
A
61
Push buttons act as: A. Input switches B. Sensors C. Power sources D. Output devices
A
62
Slide switches allow: A. Circuit ON/OFF control B. Temperature measurement C. Voltage increase D. Signal storage
A
63
Potentiometers provide values between: A. 0–100 B. 0–255 C. 0–1023 D. 0–4096
C
64
LEDs must always be connected with: A. Capacitor B. Resistor C. Diode D. Relay
B
65
Typical LED resistor values are: A. 10–50Ω B. 100–150Ω C. 220–330Ω D. 1k–10kΩ
C
66
Motors should be powered using: A. Arduino digital pins B. External power supply C. Analog pins D. USB port
B
67
When using external power sources, you must connect: A. Separate circuits only B. Common ground C. Higher voltage supply D. Digital pins
B
68
Flyback diodes protect circuits from: A. Overheating B. Voltage spikes from inductive loads C. Sensor noise D. Data loss
B
69
Circuits should be prototyped first using: A. Breadboards B. PCBs C. Microchips D. Displays
A
70
One of the most important safety rules is to: A. Leave circuits powered during wiring B. Disconnect power before modifying circuits C. Increase voltage during testing D. Remove resistors from LEDs
B
71
Which Arduino function runs once when the board starts or resets? A. loop() B. setup() C. start() D. begin()
B
72
What is the main role of the setup() function? A. Execute instructions repeatedly B. Initialize hardware and program settings C. Turn off the Arduino D. Execute interrupts
B
73
Which function runs continuously after setup() finishes? A. repeat() B. start() C. loop() D. run()
C
74
Which Arduino data type stores values from 0–255? A. int B. byte C. float D. long
B
75
Which data type is commonly used for whole numbers? A. float B. int C. byte D. char
B
76
Which data type stores decimal numbers? A. byte B. int C. float D. long
C
77
Which data type is used for large whole numbers such as time values? A. byte B. int C. float D. long
D
78
Why is selecting the correct data type important in Arduino programming? A. It improves voltage output B. It saves memory and prevents errors C. It increases Wi-Fi speed D. It increases screen resolution
B
79
What are “magic numbers” in programming? A. Special CPU instructions B. Hard-coded numeric values without explanation C. Floating point numbers D. Binary values
B
80
Which keyword defines a constant variable in Arduino? A. static B. const C. definePin D. variable
B
81
What is the advantage of meaningful variable names? A. Increase CPU speed B. Improve code readability C. Reduce voltage D. Increase memory size
B
82
What is the main purpose of comments in code? A. Improve processor speed B. Explain program logic C. Increase memory D. Control sensors
B
83
Which conditional statement checks a single condition? A. switch B. if C. case D. default
B
84
Which conditional structure handles two possible outcomes? A. if B. if-else C. switch D. loop
B
85
Which structure is best for checking multiple conditions sequentially? A. else if B. for C. do-while D. switch
A
86
Which statement compares one variable with several fixed values? A. while B. switch-case C. if D. break
B
87
What is the advantage of using functions in Arduino code? A. Increase voltage output B. Improve code reuse and organization C. Reduce sensors D. Increase CPU temperature
B
88
What is modular coding? A. Writing longer programs B. Breaking programs into reusable functions C. Using fewer variables D. Avoiding libraries
B
89
What is the purpose of the Serial library in Arduino? A. Store data permanently B. Enable communication with a computer C. Increase CPU speed D. Control power supply
B
90
Which function starts serial communication? A. Serial.print() B. Serial.begin() C. Serial.connect() D. Serial.start()
B
91
Which function prints text without moving to the next line? A. Serial.print() B. Serial.println() C. Serial.read() D. Serial.write()
A
92
Which function prints text and moves to a new line? A. Serial.read() B. Serial.println() C. Serial.print() D. Serial.begin()
B
93
Which function reads incoming serial data? A. Serial.read() B. Serial.begin() C. Serial.available() D. Serial.print()
A
94
What does Serial.available() do? A. Prints data B. Checks if data is available in the buffer C. Reads sensors D. Resets communication
B
95
What is button “debouncing”? A. Increasing switch voltage B. Removing false signals caused by mechanical bounce C. Increasing sensor speed D. Improving CPU power
B
96
Why is delay() sometimes considered bad practice? A. It blocks the program execution B. It increases CPU speed C. It increases memory D. It increases voltage
A
97
Which function allows non-blocking timing in Arduino? A. time() B. millis() C. clock() D. wait()
B
98
What does millis() measure? A. Temperature B. Voltage C. Time since the program started D. CPU speed
C
99
What is an interrupt in Arduino? A. A loop structure B. A hardware signal that pauses the program to handle an event C. A memory register D. A serial command
B
100
Which function attaches an interrupt to a pin? A. interruptStart() B. attachInterrupt() C. enableInterrupt() D. interruptAttach()
B
101
What does CPU stand for? A. Central Power Unit B. Central Processing Unit ✓ C. Computer Program Unit D. Control Processing Utility
B
102
What is the primary function of a CPU in a microcontroller? A. Store permanent memory B. Execute program instructions and control operations C. Provide internet access D. Increase power supply
B
103
Which CPU type processes 8 bits of data at a time? A. 8-bit CPU B. 16-bit CPU C. 32-bit CPU D. 64-bit CPU
A
104
Which microcontroller families commonly use 8-bit CPUs? A. ARM Cortex B. AVR and 8051 C. Intel Core D. AMD Ryzen
B
105
Which CPU type provides a balance between processing power and complexity? A. 8-bit CPU B. 16-bit CPU C. 32-bit CPU D. 64-bit CPU
B
106
Which microcontrollers commonly use 32-bit CPUs? A. ATtiny series B. ARM Cortex-M series C. 8051 series D. PIC10 series
B
107
Which CPU type is rarely used in microcontrollers because of higher power consumption and cost? A. 8-bit B. 16-bit C. 32-bit D. 64-bit
D
108
What is the first stage in CPU operation? A. Decoding B. Execution C. Instruction Fetching D. Output
C
109
What happens during instruction decoding? A. The CPU interprets the instruction B. Data is deleted C. Memory is cleared D. CPU shuts down
A
110
What happens during the execution stage? A. Instructions are stored B. CPU performs the required operation C. CPU stops working D. Output is deleted
B
111
Which CPU component performs arithmetic and logical operations? A. Control Unit B. ALU C. Register D. Bus
B
112
Which CPU component directs the operation of other components? A. ALU B. Control Unit C. Register D. Bus
B
113
What are registers in a CPU? A. Permanent storage devices B. Small high-speed storage locations C. Power supply units D. Sensors
B
114
What is the function of the bus interface? A. Store instructions B. Connect CPU with memory and I/O devices C. Increase CPU speed D. Reduce power
B
115
What does instruction fetching involve? A. Retrieving instructions from program memory B. Executing sensor commands C. Resetting the CPU D. Increasing voltage
A
116
What is the role of program memory (ROM/Flash)? A. Store program instructions B. Store temporary data C. Control sensors D. Power the CPU
A
117
Why are good programming practices important? A. Increase electricity use B. Improve reliability, readability, and efficiency C. Reduce program capability D. Increase voltage
B
118
Which bad programming practice should be avoided? A. Using constants B. Using functions C. Overusing delay() D. Writing comments
C
119
What problem occurs when input pins are left floating? A. Random signal readings B. Increased power supply C. Improved signal quality D. Faster communication
A
120
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