What is the TMJ disk made out of?
Dense fibrous connective tissue
What is the difference between cartilage found in normal joints of the body and that found in the TMJ?
- TMJ - fibrocartilage
- Rest of body’s joints - hyaline cartilage
What are the referral patterns for the temporalis?
- Anterior temporalis - maxillary incisors
- Middle temporalis - maxillary premolars
- Posterior temporalis - maxillary molars
What is the referral pattern for the masseter?
- Ear
- Lower molars
- Above eye
What is the normal range of motion for protrusion?
8-10mm
What is the normal range of motion for side-to-side or lateral?
10-12mm
What is the normal range of motion for opening or vertical?
at least 40mm
1.What’s the difference between myalgia and myofacial pain?
- Myalgia - localized muscle soreness
- Myofacial pain - refers from the tender point to a distant location
1.What’s the difference between muscle splinting and spasm?
- Muscle splinting - the muscle tightens to protect joints or other muscles
- Spasm - Charlie horse, painful contraction
T/F? The bite is the main cause of TMD problems.
False
Do you need irreversible procedures or reversible procedures to solve TMD pain?
Reversible - not irreversible
What are the major ligaments involved with the TMJ and what do they do?
- Sphenomandibular - runs from spine of sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible.
- Stylomandibular - thickening of the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland. Runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible.
What is the nerve supply for sensory and motor for the jaw and face?
Trigeminal nerve CN V
What is the specific cause of TMD?
There is no one specific cause but there are many contributing factors:
i. Predisposing factors
ii. Initiating factors
iii. Perpetuating factors
What are the muscles of the face, and what are their functions?
- Masseter – closes jaw by elevating the mandible
- Temporalis – elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, posterior fibers retract the mandible
- Lateral Pterygoid – opens the mouth, acting bilaterally they protrude mandible, acting alternatively they produce grinding action
- Medial Pterygoid – elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, acting together they protrude the mandible, acting alone they protrude one side, alternatively they produce grinding action
What is the epidemiology of TMD?
- 75% - has at aleast one sign of joint dysfunction
- 33% - have at least one symptom
- 5-7% - need treatment
What’s the term for when a muscle that has undergone degenerative change that causes the contracted state to persist, can be hereditary?
Myofibrotic contracture
What’s the term for when a muscle tighten to protect joints or other muscles, need to find the cause of the need to protect – muscle relaxants and rest
Protective splinting
What is the term for when there is muscle soreness, that does not refer to distant site?
Myalgia
What is the term for when a muscle had inflammation usually due to trauma/infection?
Myositis
What is characteristic of myofacial pain?
It refers to a distant site
What causes clicking and popping in the jaw?
Disc-condyle incoordination
Anterior disc displacement with reduction
