Exam 1

Question 1

The Problem of Government

Answer 1

Potential for harm
How can we enjoy benefits along with harm?
Human predicament cycle: Tyranny –> Revolution –> Anarchy –> Competing Groups –>

Question 2

Sovereignty

Answer 2

the ultimate authority in a political jurisdiction; final say

Question 3

“Given a choice between chaos and despotism, people will choose _______ every time.”

Answer 3

despotism

Question 4

Source of Government

Answer 4

State of Nature → Infringement of rights → Social Compact (purpose to protect rights of citizens) → Gains legitimacy → If Gov. doesn’t uphold rights, can overthrow

Question 5

Autocracy

Answer 5

People like children; require direction & control. Role of gov is to prevent disorder, protect gov interests

Question 6

Classical Republicanism

Answer 6

People are not corrupt, but corruptible, require education and direction. Role of gov is to guard individual rights, encourage civil virtue, and provide structure

Question 7

Libertarian

Answer 7

• People can be trusted to pursue own self interest w/o gov interference.
• some good some bad
• Examples: Tea Party, Libertarians

Question 8

Liberalism

Answer 8

People are essentially good, but institutions corrupt. Role of gov is to get rid of corrupting conditions.

Question 9

Evils of Democracy

Answer 9

• Factionalism
• Corruption
• Structural Flaws i.e. low participation, hasty actions

Question 10

Establishing Political Legitimacy

Answer 10

• Approval of the gods (divine right)
• Religious Authority
• Lineage
• Intelligence/wisdom
• History
• Consent

Question 11

Political Economy

Answer 11

Intersection between a nation’s economic activities and its governmental policies

Question 12

Virtue

Answer 12

a quality or characteristic of a person or thing

Question 13

The Classical Model

Answer 13

Ancient Rome, Greek models of government

Question 14

Characteristics of a good society

Answer 14

Prosperity, wide spread political participation, creating literature and history

Question 15

Corporate Colony

Answer 15

• Has Charter from king
• Purpose is trade
• example: Virginia

Question 16

Covenant Colony

Answer 16

• No charter
• Purpose more religious
• example: Pilgrims

Question 17

“We shall be as a _____ __ _ ____… the eyes of all people are on us.”

Answer 17

city on a hill

-John Winthrop

Question 18

Christian Calling

Answer 18

The protestant work ethic; hard work is characteristic of a good Christian

Question 19

Habeas Corpus

Answer 19

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person’s release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.
_Magna Carta and Petition of Rights both talk about

Question 20

English Civil War

Answer 20

• Charles I executed
• Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector of England”
• Restoration of Monarchy (Charles II) under certain conditions
• James II

Question 21

The Glorious Revolution

Answer 21

• William and Mary
• James II flees
• Little if any deaths
• Protestant reinstated from Catholic

Question 22

The Bill of Rights, 1689

Answer 22

• Parliament Supremacy
• King can’t suspend parliamentary laws
• No standing armies
• Can’t remove judges

Question 23

“In no country, perhaps the world, is ___ so general a study.”

Answer 23

• law

- Edmund Burke

Question 24

The Rule of Law

Answer 24

• Ste of principles, if respected, ensure that laws protect natural rights
• Nations with rule of law are predictable, stable, and fair with working societies

Question 25

5 Principles of Rule of Law

Answer 25

- Generality - Due Process - Prospectivity - Publicity - Consent

Question 26

Generality

Answer 26

Must apply to broad categories of people

Question 27

Prospectivity

Answer 27

Law must apply to future action, not past

Question 28

Publicity

Answer 28

Must be known and enforced regularly and broadly

Question 29

Consent

Answer 29

People agree to laws and/or elected officials that make them

Question 30

Due Process

Answer 30

The law must be administered impartially (enforced equally)

Question 31

Command System

Answer 31

- Government controls - example: Mercantilism (benefit of crown) - Wealth defined by crown's assets and gold

Question 32

Market System

Answer 32

- Self interest - laisser-faire - less government interference - example: capitalism - Wealth defined by yearly amount of production/consumption per capita

Question 33

Law of Comparative Advantage

Answer 33

- An individual will produce at least one good/service at a lower opportunity cost then others - specialize in whatever you have the lowest opportunity cost for - trade benefits both parties

Question 34

The Law of Supply

Answer 34

Businesses will produce, or supply, more of a good/service as the price of that good/service increases (directly related)

Question 35

The Law of Demand

Answer 35

As the price of a good/service rises, the demand for that good/service falls (inversely related)

Question 36

Sacrcity

Answer 36

High demand, but low supply

Question 37

Role of Profit

Answer 37

Acts as signal for businesses to invest more and encourages competition

Question 38

Role of Losses

Answer 38

Acts as signal to shift investments to other industries

Question 39

Supply and Demand Graph

Answer 39

``` l * * supply l * * price l * ---------------- equilibrium price l * * l_*___________* demand quantity ```

Question 40

Role of Government in Economy

Answer 40

``` Prevent fraud (trade must be voluntary) Provide monetary system Provide infrastructure (transportation) Define property rights Enforce exchange agreements ```

Question 41

Role of Money

Answer 41

eliminates need for coincidence of wants

Question 42

Opportunity Cost

Answer 42

the most valuable option you did not take

Question 43

Simple Exchange (barter)

Answer 43

both buyer and seller believe they benefit, or they would not participate in exchange

Question 44

The Colonial Status Quo

Answer 44

- Self government - Elected assemblies in colonies - Assemblies held "power of the purse" - British practiced "salutary neglect"

Question 45

What Provoked American Resistance?

Answer 45

- Increased imperial bureaucracy - Renewed enforcement of Navigation Act - Proclamation line of 1763 (Appalachian mountains) - Legislation for colonies (all the "Acts")

Question 46

Why did England feel justified in establishing all of the "Acts"?

Answer 46

- to raise revenue to pay debts from 7 years war | - the war was protecting the colonies

Question 47

Colonists' Responses

Answer 47

``` - Inter-colonial cooperation >Non-important agreements >Committees of correspondance >Inter-colonial associations *Sons of Liberty *Colonial Congress - Riots/resistance - Protests/petitions - example: Boston Tea Party ```

Question 48

Imperial Responses

Answer 48

- The Coercive Acts - Quartering Act - Close down assemblies

Question 49

The Whig party

Answer 49

Sympathized with colonists

Question 50

The Battles of Lexington and Concord

Answer 50

- First shot of Revolutionary War (shot heard around the world) - Both sides blamed other for the first shot

Question 51

How did patriots justify separation with Britain?

Answer 51

- violation of rights of Englishmen - no taxation without consent - no fair trial by jury of peers

Question 52

What helped Unify the Colonies?

Answer 52

- The War - Declaration of Independence - George Washington

Question 53

Why did Americans win?

Answer 53

- Unity - Continental Army (instead of each colony having own) - Symbolic victories - Clear sense of divine intervention - Mass communication - "Common sense" by Thomas Paine - Alliance with French - Battle at Yorktown

Question 54

Why did British loose?

Answer 54

- Discord | - Disagreement with leadership (how to punish patriots)

Question 55

Newburgh Consperacy

Answer 55

Washington averted the situation by appealing to their sense of virtue.