What are the components of biodiversity ?
- Genetic diversity
- Organismal diversity
- diversity of species
- human cultural diversity
- linguistic diversity
What are the three domains of life ?
Bacteria , Archaea , and Eukarya.
** Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic but the lineage between eukarya and archaea are much closer
What are the elements of organismal diversity?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phyla
- Families
- Genera
- Species
- Subspecies
What are the 8 superkingdoms of bacteria ?
1) Hadobacteria
2) Hyperthermophilic
3) Fimicutes
4) Actinobacteria
5) Cyanobacteria
6) Spirochetes
7) Chlamydias
8) Proteobacteria
Hadobacteria
- Thermophiles ( extreme hot or cold climates)
- some are resistant to radiation or degrade nuclear waste
Hyperthermobacteria
Extremeophiles : found in extreme enviornments such as volcano vents
Firmicutes
- one of the smallest cellular organisms
- mostly found in the human micrbiome
- often associated with obesity or diabetes
- produce endospores
Endospores
Allows DNA to be protected n extreme conditions by encapsulating the information.
Actinobacteria
- mostly found in soil
- elaborate filaments
- medically important ( ex: TB or strep )
Cyanobacteria
- 1st photosynthesizers
- fix nitrogen
- Aquatic
- Ancient group
Nitrogen fixation
Process which nitrogen from the atmospherer is incorporated into the tissue of plants by using bacteria through a symbiotic relationship
The symbiotic relationship between cyanobacteria and the eviornment led to the development of
chloroplasts
Spirochetes
- most are human pathogens or parasites
- free living in mud or water
- use of axial filament
ex) syphilis or lyme disease
Chlamydias
- small and parasitic
- found from the STD
Proteobacteria
- Largest and most diverse group
- diverse metabolisms
- many move with flagella
ex) E Coli
DNA barcoding
taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism’s DNA to identify as belonging to a particular species. It is also cheap, quick and cost effective
What are the biological super kingdoms ?
1) Stramenophiles
2) Alveolates
3) Rhizaria
4) Opistokonts
5) Excavates
6) Archaeplastids
7) Amoebozoans
Stramenophiles
- unequal flagella
- multicellular
- choloplasts
ex) diatoms and brown algae
Alveolates
- contain sacs under cell membrane
- not multicellular
- contain cholorplasts
- ex) ciliates, plasmodium , dinoflagellates
Rhizaria
- Marine
- not multicellular
- cholorplasts
long psuedopods
Opisthokonts
- posterior flagella
- multicellular
- no chloroplasts
ex) animals and fungi
Excavates
- no mitochondria
- not multicellular
- no cholorplasts
Archaeplastids
- chloroplasts with 2 outer membranes
- multicellular
Amoebozazons
- psuedopods on land or water
- kind of multicellular
- no chloroplasts
- ameobas and slime mold
