Exam 2 Flashcards by Zachary Norvell

Native Americans

Common Characteristics

lack of interest to own property
very spiritual
Small environmental impact
trading networks

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Native Americans

Common Facts
How many languages?
When were origin?
How many?

Spoke of 2,000 different languages
* origins around 10-25k years ago
what they did depended on where they were
around 10 million of them settled

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Native Americans

Woodland Farmers
Where?
Who?
What did they do?

**Northeastern US/ Southern Canada
* Iroguis confederacy
* hunting, fishing, farming

if they farmed they had bigger villages

Humid continental climate | lived in longhouses

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Native Americans

“Three Sisters Farming”

(Three main crops)

Woodlands Farmers

corn
beans
squash

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Native Americans

Mixed Farming

Woodlands Farmers

Planting 3 crops together

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Native Americans

Mississippi Farmers
where?
pop?
economics?

Southeastern US
(MS to FL)
* more sophisticated
* fishing and hunting
* high population

cheifdoms
urbans centers

mound societies

Humid Suptropical Climate | Cheifs lived in big structures

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Native Americans

Cohokia

Mississippi

mound society
around 40,000

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Native Americans

5 Tribes

Mississippi Farmers

southeastern US until removed
* Cherokee
* Chocktaw
* Musogee
* Chikasaw
* Seminoles

- adopted many colonist customs
- good interrelations

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Native Americans

Plains Hunters

Central US
- women farmed and gathered
- men hunted
- Horses

sedentary and nomadic

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Native Americans

Horses

Plains Hunters

introduced by Spanish
nomadic lifestyle
Comanche and Apache

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Native Americans

Plateau and Deset
hunter and gatherers

Between Sierra Nevadas and Rockies
- small/ primitive settlements
- easy targets for missionaries
- forged for roots and seeds
- hunted small reptiles

nomadic

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Native Americans

Wikiups

Platea and Desert

lodge covered by brush

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Native Americans

Pueblo Famers
who?

Southwest region
- high pop from agriculture
- Mollogans
- Hohokan
- Anasazi

arid climate

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Native Americans

Coastal Fisher - Gatherers

Pacific Northwest
- No ag needed
- sophisticated social structure
- densly populated

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Native Americans

Subarctic and Arctic
hunters and fishers
who?

Northern
- small pop
- beavers, fish, berries
- Inuit
- Aleut

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Impacts of European colonization

Diseases
Why?
How many wiped out?
Results?

Native Americans

Smallpox, typhus, measles, diphtheria
- no previous exposure
- 90% of pop wiped out
- lost knowledge and culture

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Impacts of colonization

Things to Know
How quick did they take control?
What did they bring?
What did it casue

Europeans took control in 40 yrs
brought alcohol, weeds, technology
causes wars

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Impacts of European Colonization

Settlements Patterns
Why?
Results?

to get resources
natives slowed European expansion
natives helped them survive initially

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Impacts of European Colonization

Forced Relocation

Native Americans
what did they do?

fought for land
Europeans had guns
used treaties to displace Indians

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Impacts of European Colonization

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Native Americans
who?
what happened?

was supposed to be voluntary
the five tribes were main target
caused trail of tears

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Impacts of European Colonization

Trail of Tears

Native Americans
where?

Choctaw only 1/4 survived
lost rights
sent to reservations in Oklahoma

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Impacts of European Colonization

Policies towards Native Americans

Separation and containment
- many forced to read, wright
- religious conversion
- sent to boarding schools
- purged if heritage

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Native Americans populations Today
how many tribes?
pop?
poverty?

573 tribes
1% of todays pop in US
30% below poverty
lower life expectancy

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Native Americans today
where?
economics?

not many in east, most in plains region
geography reflects where they were forced
minority
good businesses
around 50,000 native owned businesses
tax exempt businesses

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Secretary Deb Haaland

First Native American cabinet secretary

Nunavut

Created in 1999 as homeland of Inuit Iqulit is capital Pop around 40,000 - attempt to address past injustices

Dakota Access Pipeline

Fracking, oil 1851 Treaty of Larome - standing rock Sioux tribe protests Taken over by govt to build pipeline - sacred grounds

Wilbur Zelinksy

First settlement Dutch settled in NY and it still shows today

Atlantic Slave Trade when? how many?

Began 1492 Most from 1700-1810 12-15 million slaves

Spanish Colonization where? economics?

Southeast, Texas region First Euros to establish large settlements Catholicism Presidios- military control Sugar plantations, gold mines, cattle ranching

Spanish Geopolitical decisions

Texas annex 1845 Mexico Session 1848 Gadsden Purchase 1950 Made 100,000 Mexicans citizens Mythical seven cities of Cibola

French Colonization where? economics?

Great lakes and west of apps Fishing, fur trade, and agricultural (natives help)

Long lots

Ribbon like pieces of land that are perpendicular

Patron system, fuedal system, and land grant system

working for someone to pay debt Entrepot: place where goods are shipped and distributed

British Colonization

entered late 13 colonies NA was priority

Hearth

origin where something begins

Chesapeake Bay where? economics?

Maryland and Virginia Adopted tabacco and olives very spread out

New England (Yankee) who?

Boston was main hub (90%) Pilgrams and Puritans puritans had higher impact

Middle Colonies

PA and NY subregion William Penn Philly was major port city Ag and industry Polygot: more diversity

# immigration and settlement Cultural Landscape

- visible imprint on land - (tells who has been there)

# immigration and settlement Material Culture

visible aspects of culture physical objects

# immigration and settlement Vernacular architechture

building that is native or unique to place

# immigration and settlement Cultural Selectivity

what traits are brought into new place

# immigration and settlement Cultural Simplification

dropping some triats when relocating

First wave immigration | biggest factor?

Push factors

2nd wave immigration | biggest factor? where?

Pull factors Northern and Western Europe

# immigration and settlement chain migration

people migrating and bringing people from their area with them

Third Wave migration nickname? how many and where? | when?

late 1800s The "Great Deluge" 23 million immigrants from SE europe

The "Great Deluge" pushes? impacts? pulls?

pushes - jewish prosecution and industry pulls - demand for unskilled labor impacts - ghettos, immigration policy, assimilation

assimilation

- blending of culture into host culture

Naturalization act of 1795 (renewed 1802)

no limit on immigration

# 1800 - 1930 Chinese exclusion act

suspeneded Chinese immigration for 10 yrs

# 1800 - 1930 Contract Labor law

prohibited companies for paying for transportation of labors

Impacts of immigration

population growth decrease

How much of US lived south of Mason Dixon Line

1/2

Settlement of Old Northwest

growth of chicago wheat, corn, and livestock

Township and Range System

geometric system of land division based on latitude and longitude

Western Settlment Frontiers

- Oregon country - 49th Parralel - Willamette Valley

lumbering frontiers

midwest pacific northwest

What area was settle last

short grass praire semi arid

Dust Bowl where? how many left?

great plains 60% of pop left

African American Migration how many left where? went to where?

5 million left south first wave went north second wave went west

Bracero Program where?

Mexican labor agreement California, Texas, Pacific Northwest

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952

for national security new quotas

# 3 modern waves of immigration mid 1800s to late 1800s

Northern Europeans

# 3 modern waves immigration early 1900s to 1920s

Sourthern and Eastern European

# 3 modern waves of immigration 1960 to present

latin americans and asians

# 3 moderns waves of immigration mid 1900s

not much immigration

# immigration TPS

temporary protected status

Recent Immigration Policy

laws for terrorism border control

What % of US is immigrants

13.7%

What percent of international immigrants are in US

20%

US immigration population % naturalized- unauthorized- nonimmigrant- lawful-

Nat -45% unauth - 23% nonimm - 5% lawful - 28%

Which categories are permanent immigrants admitted?

family relationship employment sponsorship humaniterian protection diversity visa lottery

purpose for temp visas

tourism and education

Asylee

someone who is already in US trying to get in

Asylum

protection granted for refugee

DACA

Deferred Action for childhod arrivals children who grew up in US

Exam 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)