IPE-213 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Describe communication overall

A

-essential function of any organism
- spoken, written & nonverbal
-includes gestures, touch, facial, eye expressions, movement & distance, appearance, symbols
- TeleHealth
- brief encounters
- all behavior is communication
- you can’t NOT communicate

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2
Q

Describe the Shannon-Weaver Model

A
  • encodes the message
  • transmits the message through a channel
  • message might encounter interference
  • receiver gets the message who interprets or decodes
  • receiver can either provide feedback or a reaction
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3
Q

What is tailoring

A

-involves development of programs
- adapting a existing program to a new situation

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4
Q

What is a key to developing & implementing health promotion interventions in communities

A

tailoring

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5
Q

What are the steps to adapting a program in tailoring

A
  • assessment of the problem (precede-procede)
  • formative research & identifying any existing EBP or strategies
  • ongoing evaluation & assessment to track how well the program is going during implementation
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6
Q

What is sustainability important

A

funding needs to be continued w/ support to empower the community to carry it out

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7
Q

Explain sustainability in a community

A

when funds diminish, the community has to have other ways to stick together to keep a program implemented by gathering grants and funding sources

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8
Q

What was the Heckler Report called in 1985

A

US Dept of Health & Human Services Task Force Report

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9
Q

What did the Heckler Report show

A
  • identified 6 specific issues that were major causes of disparities between minorities & the majority of the Caucasian American population
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10
Q

What were the 6 specific health issues that caused disparities in the Heckler Report

A
  • cancer
  • cardiovascular disease & stroke
  • diabetes
  • homicide & accidents
  • infant mortality
  • chemical dependency
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11
Q

What is the term health disparities refer to

A
  • difference in health status between the majority population & population subgroups
  • related to race, ethnicity & socioeconomic status still pervade the American health care system
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12
Q

What are the causes of health disparities

A
  • vulnerability
  • social economic circumstance
  • inadequate systems

All contribute significantly to difference in health status.

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13
Q

Why is SES (socioeconomic status) a key factor in disparities

A
  • its significant implications for health
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14
Q

What is low SES associated with

A
  • many health risks
  • lack of access to care
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15
Q

What are the CLAS Standards organizational strategies

A
  • American Indian or Alaskan Native
  • Asian
  • Black or African American
  • Hispanic or Latino
  • Native Hawaiian or other Pacidic Isalnder
  • White
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16
Q

What was the intention of the CLAS Standards

A
  • to advance health equity
  • improve quality
  • help eliminate healthcare disparities by establishing a blueprint for health & healthcare
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17
Q

What are the multilevel programs

A
  • REACH program
  • ## THRIVE program
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18
Q

What characteristics involved in the Social Cognitive Theory

A

-self efficacy
- behavioral capability
- outcome expectations
- outcome expectancies
- self control
- emotional coping

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19
Q

Environmental factors involved in Socail Cognitive Theory

A
  • vicarious learning
  • situation
  • reinforcement (+ and - )
  • reciprocal determinism
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20
Q

Environmental factors involved in Social Cognitive Theory

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A
  • vicarious learning
  • situation
  • reinforcement (+ and - )
  • reciprocal determinism
21
Q

What are the 4 principles of social marketing

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A

-product
- price
- place
- promotion

22
Q

Diffusions of Innovations (DOI)

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A
  • process by which a behavior/technology makes its way into a population & is or is not adopted
23
Q

What is diffusion referring to DOI

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A

the process by which innovation is communicated

24
Q

What is innovation referring to DOI

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A
  • the behavior or technology that is seen by the population as new
25
Categories of Adopters related to DOI
- early adopters - early majority adopters (sit back & wait) - late majority adopters (sit back & see how the rest of the group is doing) - laggards (late to get on board)
26
Key processes related to DOI
- innovation development - dissemination - adoption - implementation - maintenance
27
What does the Theory of Reasoned Action focus on
- rational cognitive decision making
28
Decisional balance in the Trans Theoretical Model is the process of
- weighing pros & cons
29
Use of Community Outreach Workers help
- bring legitimacy to community projects
30
In order to mobilize a community you must
- define the community - assess the capacity for mobilizing - identify appropriate strategies for engagement
31
The REACH model includes
- includes community/system change innervations which can bring about a desired targeted group effect
32
What is the Health Belief Model known as
- value expectancy theory
33
When was the Health Belief Model originated in
1950s
34
Who developed the Health Belief Model
- Hochbaum, Rosenstock & Kegels
35
Describe the Health Belief Model
- ppl will engage in healthy behavior - they value the outcome of behavior
36
What is health behavior motivated by
- perceived susceptibility ('perceived' risk that a health problem will develop) - perceived severity (outcome is 'severe') - perceived benefits (outcome + from action) - perceived barriers (outcome will be negative from action) ADDED ONES: - cues to action (external event that motivates to act) - self efficacy (one's belief in themselves to act)
37
What is the Theory of Planned Behavior also referred to as
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
38
Describe the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
- explores the relationship between people's attitudes & their behaviors - focuses on rational, cognitive decision making processes similar to HBM
39
Key components to TPB
the intention to do a behavior based on - person's attitude towards a specific behavior - person's perception of the subjective norms associated with the said behavior
40
TPB as a whole
- attitude - subjective norms - behavioral intention - perceived behavioral control - perceived power
41
The Transtheoretical Model stages of change
Stage 1: pre contemplation - no intention of taking action Stage 2: contemplation - thinking about change within next 6 months Stage 3: preparation - intend to take action Stage 4: person has acted Stage 5: maintenance - change of behavior has been made & the goal is to prevent relapse Stage 6: termination - complete transformation of behavior change
42
Who developed the Transtheoretical model
- Prochaska & DiClemente
43
Describe the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
- 'stages of change' - determining where a person is in relation to making a behavior change - focus on cooperation NOT compliance
44
Key component in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
- self efficacy
45
Describe the Precaution Adoption Process Model
- 'taking a precaution' against something - explains how ppl react to hazards
46
Stages of Precaution Adoption Process Model
Stage 1: unaware of the issue - lack of knowledge or awareness Stage 2: unengaged by the issue - don't know about the risk vs those who know but not engaged Stage 3: deciding about action - deciding whether to do something or not Stage 4: deciding not to act Stage 5: deciding to act - decision to act Stage 6: acting - taking the first step Stage 7: maintenance
47
Name the 7 leadership styles
Democratic leader - makes decision based on input form team Autocratic leader - makes decisions WITHOUT input Laissez-Faire - gives authority to employees Strategic leader - accepts burden of executive interest but keep work environment stable Transformational - motivates employees to reach their potential Coach Style - build upon expertise of each team member (can "read" the team well) Bureaucratic - by the books, takes but not always use employee input
48
REACH Model strategies toward the goal of eliminating health disparities
- capacity building - targeted actions - community/systems change - widespread risk/protective behavior change - health disparity reduction
IPE-213
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