Abscess
A localized collection of pus resulting from an infection or inflammation within tissue.
Addison’s disease
A chronic endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient production of hormones by the adrenal glands, leading to symptoms like fatigue and low blood pressure.
Aldosterone
A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance, influencing blood pressure and fluid balance.
Amniocentesis
A diagnostic procedure performed during pregnancy where amniotic fluid is sampled to assess fetal health and genetic conditions.
Antibody
A specialized protein produced by the immune system that binds to specific antigens, neutralizing pathogens or marking them for destruction.
Arterial
Pertaining to arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Babesiosis
A malaria-like parasitic infection transmitted by ticks, affecting red blood cells and causing symptoms such as fever and anemia.
Benign
Referring to a condition or growth that is non-cancerous and generally poses no serious threat to health.
Buffy coat
The layer of white blood cells and platelets that separates from red blood cells in a centrifuged blood sample.
Carbohydrate
A macronutrient found in various foods that provides a primary source of energy through its breakdown into glucose.
Catalyst
A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
Cerebrospinal fluid
The clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and removing waste products.
Digoxin
A cardiac glycoside medication used to treat heart failure and atrial arrhythmias by increasing the force of heart contractions.
Dysentery
An intestinal infection causing severe diarrhea with blood and mucus, often due to bacteria or parasites.
Eclampsia
A severe complication of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure and seizures, typically occurring after preeclampsia.
Edema
The accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues, leading to swelling and potentially affecting function.
Effusion
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in a body cavity, such as the pleural or pericardial spaces.
Endemic
Referring to a disease or condition consistently present within a particular geographic area or population.
Fenestration
The presence of openings or perforations in a structure, such as tissue, allowing for passage or drainage.
Folic acid
A B vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and cell division, crucial during pregnancy for fetal development.
Glycosuria
The presence of excess glucose in the urine, often indicative of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Guillain-Barre syndrome
An acute autoimmune condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness and paralysis due to nerve inflammation.
Hematology
The branch of medicine focused on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of blood disorders and diseases.
Hematuria
The presence of blood in the urine, which may indicate various underlying conditions affecting the urinary tract.
