Exam 2

Question 1

What is Bonferroni’s Adjustment used for?

Answer 1

• Used to correct and adjust the alpha level when multiple dependent variables are adjusted.
• Adjust alpha when multiple t tests are performed with ratio data on multiple dependent variables

Question 2

What 3 things will an ANOVA measure?

Answer 2

1) What the effect of variable A, independent of variable B
2) What the effect of variable B, independent of variable A
3) What the joint effect or interaction of variables A and B

Question 3

What is 1 thing that ANOVA will not measure?

Answer 3

1)What the relationship is between variables A and B

Question 4

How are multifactorial designs notated? Give an example.

Answer 4

• Listed as how many levels of each variables time each other
• Example 3x4x5:the first would have 3 variables, second would have 4 variables, third would have 5 variables.

Question 5

Which type of statistics are best used with parametric data?

Answer 5

interval and ratio (better than nominal and ordinal)

Question 6

Which type of statistics are best used with nonparametric data?

Answer 6

nominal and ordinal

Question 7

When would you use an independent t-test?

Answer 7

Two different groups with one dependent variable would use an independent t-test

Question 8

When would you use a dependent t-test?

Answer 8

Same group or repeated measure with one dependent variable would use a dependent t-test

Question 9

True/False: t-test assumes a normal subject distribution

Answer 9

True

Question 10

With what kind of data is a t-test used for?

Answer 10

Ratio and interval

Question 11

What is a repeated measure design?

Answer 11

Subjects in repeated measure studies are the same subjects thus each subject acts as their own control

Question 12

What is a between subjects design?

Answer 12

Between subjects studies use different subjects in each group

Question 13

What are 3 things that you cannot assume from a between subjects design?

Answer 13

1) It does not infer that all subjects were tested under all treatment conditions
2) Or that multiple comparison tests were conducted following data analysis
3) Or how the subjects in the study were assigned to the groups

Question 14

What are the 3 types of ANOVAs that are used for nonparametric data?

Answer 14

1) Friedman Two way ANOVA
2) Kruskal-Wwallis One Way ANOVA
3) Repeated measures ANOVA

Question 15

When do you use a Friedman Two Way ANOVA?

Answer 15

multiple groups (more than two) with nominal or ordinal data

Question 16

When do you use a Kruskal-Wallis One way ANOVA?

Answer 16

two groups one dependent variable, nominal or ordinal data

Question 17

When do you use a repeated measures ANOVA?

Answer 17

same subjects with different variables, nominal or ordinal data

Question 18

What is a one way ANOVA?

Answer 18

the one way ANOVA measures the significant effect of one independent variable

Question 19

What is a two way ANOVA?

Answer 19

The two way ANOVA is used when there are more than one independent variable and multiple observations for each independent variable.
-It can not only determine the main effect of contributions of each independent variable but also identifies if there is a significant interaction effect between the independent variables

Question 20

What is the most important result to interpret from a linear regression?

Answer 20

r2 or R2

Question 21

What does r2 represent?

Answer 21

The percentage of total variance determined for that variable by the predictor variables

Question 22

What is the Pearson-Product Correlation Coefficient (PPCC)?

Answer 22

• Can assess two ratings or raters when determining reliability
• Correlation between two variables to determine their linear relationship

Question 23

How is a Pearson-Product Correlation Coefficient (PPCC) reported? What does 1, -1 and 0 mean?

Answer 23

-Reported a number between 1 and -1. The closer to the 1 the stronger the positive relationship, the closer to -1 the stronger the negative relationship, 0 represents no relationship

Question 24

What does a correlation coefficient determine?

Answer 24

Strength of the relationship and tells you if it is positive or negative

Question 25

What does a .25, .5 and .75 correlation coefficient equate to in regards to the strength of the relationship?

Answer 25

.25-weak .5-moderate .75-strong

Question 26

What is 1 thing that the t-test will answer?

Answer 26

1) if there is a difference between variable A and B

Question 27

What are 3 things that the t-test will not answer?

Answer 27

1) If variable A can predict variable B 2) If there is a relationship between variables A and B 3) Or what is the joint effect or interaction of variables A and B is

Question 28

What is the most important thing to look at for the interpretation of a correlation?

Answer 28

r value

Question 29

Which type of ANOVA is best to use for nonparametric test when comparing three independent groups on one dependent variable?

Answer 29

Kruskal Walis One-Way ANOVA

Question 30

What type of data can the nonparametric ANOVA tests be used with?

Answer 30

mostly nominal and ordinal data | NOTE: possible for ratio and interval. You can use nonparametric test with parametric data but the reverse is NOT true

Question 31

What is the effect size characteristic?

Answer 31

- Based on means for quantitative data - Can influence the magnitude of the effect of the intervention - Can affect the estimate of the magnitude of the difference between groups - It does not relate to the degree to which studies are similar

Question 32

For between group statistics, if you are comparing 3x2x1 ANOVA with 3 comparison groups and get a p

Answer 32

NO. When comparing 3x2x1 ANOVA with 3 comparison groups, if the p

Question 33

What is a scatter plot used for (with linear regression)?

Answer 33

- Visually look at data distribution and correlation - Can see if the correlation is linear or curvilinear - Least squares line to estimate y based on unknown x - Can use this as a predictive value

Question 34

Which coefficient correlation test would you use for parametric data?

Answer 34

Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation

Question 35

Which coefficient correlation test would you use for nonparametric data?

Answer 35

Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

Question 36

Which coefficient correlation test would you use when both variables are dichotomous (nominal with two levels ie: gender)?

Answer 36

Phi Coefficient

Question 37

PICTURE OF SCATTER PLOT

Answer 37

negative, linear correlation | -as x increased, y decreases

Question 38

What is R2 in a stepwise regression?

Answer 38

R2 tells us how much variation within the variable there is. The larger the number the greater the variance for prediction

Question 39

What is R in a stepwise regression?

Answer 39

R is the influence on the variable. The larger the number the greater the effect

Question 40

When is the correlation coefficient stronger?

Answer 40

Stronger the correlation the closer to 1.0 or -1.0

Question 41

What is used to predict the value of one variable on another?

Answer 41

Regression analysis

Question 42

What is a regression analysis used for?

Answer 42

- Prediction of value of one variable on another is determined by doing a regression analysis - Can determine the value of one variable based on the value of the other variable - Prediction value cannot be safely determined if the regression line is extended past the data set (extrapolation of the line)