Exam 2

Question 1

For an AP axial chest projection (lordotic postion) (3)

1. the shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.
2. the patient’s back is arched until the midcoronal plane and IR form a 45-degree angle.
3. a 15-degree cephalad central ray angulation is used if the patient is standing erect.
4. the elbows and shoulders are rotated anteriorly

Answer 1

The shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR, the patients back is arched until MCP and IR form a 45-degree angle, the elbows and shoulders are rotated anteriorly

Question 2

For an AP chest projection obtained in a neonate or infant who is being ventilated with a high-frequency ventilator, the exposure should be obtained

Answer 2

the exposure can be obtained at any time

Question 3

A supine AP abdomen projection obtained with the patient in a LPO position demonstrates (2)

1. the sacrum and coccyx aligned with the symphysis pubis.
2. a distance from the pedicles to the spinous processes that is narrower on the right side than on the left side.
3. the sacrum rotated toward the patient’s right side.
4. the symphysis pubis rotated toward the patient’s right side.

Answer 3

A distance from the pedicles to the spinous processes that is narrower on the right side than on the left side and the sacrum rotated toward the patient’s right side.

Question 4

A PA chest projection obtained on expiration demonstrates (3)

1. a narrower and longer heart shadow.
2. an underexposed image if exposure is not increased when a manual technique is used.
3. a broader and shorter heart shadow.
4. fewer than 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm.

Answer 4

An underexposed image if exposure is not increased when a manual technique is used, a broader and shorter heart shadow, fewer than 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

Question 5

For AP projections of the chest performed with a portable x-ray unit, placing the IR lengthwise is not appropriate for which body habitus?

Answer 5

Hypersthenic

Question 6

Optimal contrast, density, and penetration have been achieved on AP abdominal projections when which anatomic structures are demonstrated

Answer 6

Psoas major muscle, kidneys, inferior ribs, and lumbar transverse processes

Question 7

An AP axial chest projection ( lordotic position) with accurate positioning demonstrates (3)

1. the medial ends of the clavicles projected superior to the lung apices.
2. the lateral borders of the scapulae within the lung field.
3. equal distances from the vertebral column to the SC joints.
4. almost horizontal posterior and anterior portions of the first through fourth ribs.

Answer 7

The medial ends of the clavicles projected superior to the lung apices, equal distances from the vertebral column to the SC joints, almost horizontal posterior and anterior portions of the first through fourth ribs

Question 8

Which positioning problems, listed results in an AP-PA chest projection(lateral decubitus position) with the manubrium and the fifth thoracic vertebra located at the same level? (2)

1. A patient rotated into an RPO position
2. An AP projection obtained with the upper midcoronal plane tilted away from the IR
3. A PA projection obtained with the upper midcoronal plane tilted toward the IR
4. An AP projection obtained with the central ray angled cephalically

Answer 8

An AP projection obtained with upper MCP tilted away from the IR and a PA projection obtained with the upper MCP tilted toward the IR

Question 9

A mobile AP chest projection obtained with a the CR angled caudally demonstrates

1. vertically contoured ribs.
2. the manubrium projected superior to the fourth thoracic vertebra.
3. less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the apices above the clavicles.
4. horizontal clavicles.

Answer 9

This would demonstrate vertically contoured ribs

Question 10

For an upright AP abdomen projection, the… (2)

1. ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the IR.
2. patient remains in an upright position at least 5 to 20 minutes before the image is obtained.
3. symphysis pubis should be included.
4. patient is instructed to take a deep inspiration before the image is obtained.

Answer 10

ASIS’s are positioned at equal distances from the IR and patient remains in an upright position at least 5-20 minutes before the image is obtained

Question 11

A right PA oblique chest projection (RAO position) with poor positioning demonstrates almost equal lung fields on both sides of the vertebral column and eighty posterior ribs above the diaphragm. How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained? (2)
1. Take the exposure after the second full inspiration.
2. Increase the degree of patient obliquity.
3. Decrease the degree of patient obliquity.
4. Move the IR and central ray inferiorly.
only

Answer 11

Take the exposures after the second full inspiration and increase the degree of patient obliquity

Question 12

An AP chest projection obtained with the patient rotated into an RPO position demonstrates (2)

1. the left SC joint superimposed over the vertebral column.
2. the left posterior ribs with greater length than the right posterior ribs.
3. a manubrium superimposed over the fourth thoracic vertebra.
4. elevated lateral clavicular ends

Answer 12

The left SC joint superimposed over the vertebral column and a manubrium superimposed over the fourth thoracic vertebra

Question 13

A PA chest projection(lateral decubitus position) demonstrates (3)

1. the C6-C7 vertebral bodies without distortion.
2. the manubrium superimposed over the fourth vertebral body.
3. a closed C6-C7 intervertebral disk space.
4. clearly shown C6-C7 spinous processes and laminae.

Answer 13

The manubrium superimposed over the fourth vertebral body, a closed C6-C7 intervertebral disk space, and clearly shown C6-C7 spinous processes and laminae

Question 14

An AP chest projection obtained with the CR angled to caudally demonstrates…… that 1 in of the apices above the clavicles and …… shaped posterior ribs

Answer 14

It needs to be angled more and the ribs will be vertical

Question 15

An AP neonate abdomen projection that was obtained with the patient in a slight RPO position will demonstrate

Answer 15

A wider right iliac wing

Question 16

To reposition a decubitus abdomen projection that demonstrates longer right posterior ribs and a wider right iliac wing

Answer 16

Rotate the right side of the patient away from the IR

Question 17

A PA chest projection on a patient with a right side pneumothorax will demonstrate

Answer 17

Air in the right pleural cavity

Question 18

Which of the following pertains to a lateral chest projection with accurate positioning that was obtained with the right side positioned adjacent to the IR? (2)

1. The heart shadow demonstrates increased magnification over a left lateral projection.
2. The left lung demonstrates the sharpest recorded details.
3. The left hemidiaphragm is demonstrated inferior to the right hemidiaphragm.
4. One and one-half inches (4 cm) of space separate the posterior and anterior ribs.

Answer 18

The heart shadow demonstrates increased magnification over a left lateral projection and the left hemidiaphragm is demonstrated inferior to the right hemidiaphragm

Question 19

To best demonstrate intraperitoneal air.

Answer 19

Allow the patient to postioned upright for 5-20 minutes before obtaining the exposure for an upright abdominal projection

Question 20

An AP chest projection(lateral decubitus postion) obtained with the right side positioned against the imaging table will best demonstrate which of the following conditions?

Answer 20

Right pleural effusion

Question 21

Air-fluid levels on an AP chest projection are formed when (2)

1. demonstrate an increase in density where the fluid is present.
2. are formed when air and fluid separate.
3. are precisely demonstrated when the patient is in a partially upright position.
4. are precisely demonstrated when the central ray is horizontal.

Answer 21

air and fluid separate and are precisely demonstrated when the CR is horizontal

Question 22

An AP axial chest projection(lordotic position) with poor positioning demonstrates the clavicles within the lung apices. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained? (2)

1. Increase the degree of cephalic central ray angulation.
2. Anteriorly rotate the elbows and shoulders.
3. Arch the patient’s back more, increasing the midcoronal plane to IR angle.
4. Position the patient’s feet closer to the IR.

Answer 22

Increase the degree of cephalic CR angulation and arch the patient’s back more, increasing the MCP to IR angle.

Question 23

Excessive lung markings indicate all of the following except

Answer 23

Pleural effusion

Question 24

For a PA oblique chest projection (3)

1. the patient is rotated until the midsagittal plane is aligned 45 degrees with the IR.
2. there is twice as much lung field demonstrated on one side of the vertebral column as on the opposite side.
3. At least 10 posterior ribs are demonstrated above the hemidiaphragm.
4. the apices, costophrenic angles, and lateral chest walls are included on the image.

Answer 24

There is twice as much lung field demonstrated on one side of the vertebra column as on the opposite side, Atleast 10 posterior ribs are demonstrated above the hemidiaphragm, the apices, costophrenic angles, and lateral chest walls are included on the image

Question 25

Which side of the patient is positioned against the imaging table or cart for an AP-PA chest projection (lateral decubitus postion) to rule out a left side pleural effusion?

Answer 25

Left

Question 26

A left lateral chest projection demonstrates the gastric air bubble directly beneath the superior hemidiaphragm. Which is the superior lung?

Answer 26

Left

Question 27

A neonate AP chest projection demonstrates the left posterior ribs with greater length than the right posterior ribs. How should the positioning setup be changed to obtain an optimal projection?

Answer 27

Angle the CR toward the patient’s right side

Question 28

A 45-degree PA oblique chest projection (LAO position) demonstrates the heart shadow without vertebral column superimposition. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal image?

Answer 28

Decrease the degree of patient rotation

Question 29

For an AP abdominal projection (lateral decubitus position) (3) 1. the right hemidiaphragm and iliac wing must be included to demonstrate intraperitoneal air. 2. position the shoulders and the ASISs at equal distances from the IR. 3. obtain the exposure on expiration. 4. position the patient’s right side adjacent to the imaging table or cart.

Answer 29

The right hemidiaphragm and iliac wing must be included to demonstrate intraperitoneal air, positioning the shoulders at the equal distances from the IR, obtain exposure on expiration

Question 30

An AP neonatal chest projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (2) 1. the right and left side inferior posterior ribs at equal lengths. 2. upwardly projecting anterior ribs. 3. at least nine posterior ribs above the diaphragm. 4. the chin superior to the airway.

Answer 30

The right and left side inferior posterior ribs at equal lengths and the chin superior to the air way.

Question 31

The last rib is attached to the ….. vertebrae

Answer 31

Twelfth

Question 32

Heart penetration on an AP chest projection: (3) 1. is obtained by increasing the kVp. 2. results in a lower contrast image. 3. is required when apparatuses located at the mediastinal region are of interest. 4. results in a decrease in scatter radiation reaching the IR.

Answer 32

Is obtained by increasing kVp, results in a lower contrast image, is required when apparatuses located at the mediastinal region are of interest.

Question 33

A PA chest projection that demonstrates the manubrium at the same level as the first thoracic vertebra

Answer 33

Was obtained with the MCP tilted away from the IR

Question 34

Which side of the patient is positioned against the imaging table or cart for an AP-PA chest projection (lateral decubitus postion) to tule out a right side pneumothorax?

Answer 34

Left

Question 35

For an AP-PA chest projection (right lateral position), the (2) 1. shoulders and the posterior ribs are positioned perpendicular to the cart. 2. humeri are positioned at a 90-degree angle with the IR. 3. midcoronal plane is aligned perpendicular to the IR. 4. patient is elevated on a radiolucent sponge or cardiac board.

Answer 35

Shoulders and the posterior ribs are positioned perpendicular to the cart and patient is elevated on a radiolucent sponge or cardiac board

Question 36

For a left lateral chest projection with accurate postioning, the (2) 1. SID is set at 40 inches (102 cm). 2. humeri are positioned vertically. 3. shoulders, posterior ribs, and posterior pelvic wings are aligned perpendicular to the image receptor (IR). 4. midsagittal plane is aligned perpendicular to the IR.

Answer 36

Humeri are postitioned vertically and shoulders, posterior ribs, and posterior pelvic wings area aligned perpendicular to the IR.

Question 37

A PA chest projection that demonstrates the vertebral column superimposing the left SC joint

Answer 37

Was obtained with the patient rotated toward the left side

Question 38

A left lateral chest projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (3) 1. no humeral soft tissue in the lung field. 2. no more than a total of 0.5 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior or anterior ribs. 3. the right hemidiaphragm inferior to the left hemidiaphragm. 4. the hemidiaphragms inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra

Answer 38

No humeral soft tissue in the lung field, no more than a total of .5 of space between the posterior or anterior ribs, the hemidiaphrams inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra

Question 39

A left lateral projection with poor postioning demonstrates the humeri soft tissue superimposing over the anterior lung apices. How was the patient positioned for such an image to be obtained?

Answer 39

The humeri were positioned at a 90-degree angle with body

Question 40

A right PA oblique chest projection (RAO postion) corresponds with which AP oblique projection

Answer 40

LPO

Question 41

For a lateral neonatal or infant chest projection, the (3) 1. neonate or infant remains supine for a crosstable projection. 2. neonate or infant is elevated on a radiolucent sponge for a crosstable projection. 3. central ray is centered to the mammary line. 4. humeri are positioned at a 90-degree angle with the chest.

Answer 41

Neonate or infant reamains supine for a crosstable projection, neonate or infant is elevated on a radiolucent sponge for a crosstable projection, and CR is centered to the mammary line

Question 42

An AP chest projection( lateral decubitus postion) obtained with the patient in a RPO position demonstrates (2) 1. the right SC joint without vertebral column superimposition. 2. 9 or 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm. 3. the manubrium superimposed over the fifth thoracic vertebra. 4. the left posterior ribs with greater length than the right posterior ribs.

Answer 42

The right SC joint without vertebral column superimposition and 9 or 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

Question 43

An AP neonatal or infant chest projection that demonstrates an excessive lordotic appearance (2) 1. may have been obtained with the central ray centered too inferiorly. 2. will also demonstrate downwardly projecting anterior ribs. 3. will also demonstrate vertically appearing posterior ribs. 4. may have been obtained with a perpendicular central ray

Answer 43

May have been obtained with the CR centered too inferiority and may have been obtained with a perpendicular CR

Question 44

The recommended kV range for a child PA chest technique at 72 in is

Answer 44

75-80

Question 45

To position the scapulae outside the lung field for a PA chest projection, the patient’s

Answer 45

Elbows and shoulders are rotated anteriorly

Question 46

An AP-PA chest(lateral decubitus postion) with accurate postioning demonstrates (2) 1. a marker indicating the side of the patient adjacent to the cart. 2. equal posterior rib length on both sides of the chest. 3. the manubrium at the fifth thoracic vertebra. 4. nine posterior ribs above the diaphragm.

Answer 46

Equal posterior rib length on both sides of chest and nine posterior ribs above the diaphragm

Question 47

A neonate lateral chest projection taken without full inspiration

Answer 47

Demonstrates the hemidiaphragms situated high in the thorax with an exaggerated cephalic curvature

Question 48

The IR is postioned…. For a PA chest projection of a hypersthenic patient

Answer 48

Crosswise

Question 49

A left lateral chest projection obtained with the patient’s left side rotated anteriorly demonstrates the (1) 1. anterior and posterior ribs with more than 0.5 inch (1 cm) of superimposition. 2. heart shadow entirely posterior to the sternum. 3. right hemidiaphragm inferior to the left hemidiaphragm. 4. humeral soft tissue superimposed over the anterior lung apices

Answer 49

Anterior and posterior ribs with more than .5 of superimposition

Question 50

A PA chest projection with poor postioning demonstrates the scapulae in the lung field and elevated lateral clavicualr ends. How should the paeint be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained? (2) 1. Tilt the upper midcoronal plane away from the IR. 2. Depress the shoulders. 3. Coax the patient into a deeper inspiration. 4. Anteriorly rotate the shoulders and elbows.

Answer 50

Depress the shoulders and anteriorly rotate the shoulders and elbows

Question 51

A PA chest projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (4) 1. 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm. 2. equal posterior rib length on both sides of the chest. 3. the manubrium superimposed by the fourth thoracic vertebra. 4. the scapulae outside the lung field.

Answer 51

10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm, equal posterior rib lengthy on both sides of the chest, the manubrium superimposed by the fourth thoracic vertebra, and the scapulae outside the lung field

Question 52

An AP ( lateral decubitus) abddomen projection demonstrates (4) 1. ASIS directly on top of each other. 2. knees flexed and a pillow between them. 3. top of the IR at a level 2.5 inches (6.25 cm) superior to xiphoid. 4. diaphragm domes located superior to the ninth posterior rib.

Answer 52

ASIS directly on top of each other, knees flexed and a pillow between them, top of the IR at a level 2.5 in superior to xiphoid, and diaphragm domes located superior to the ninth posterior rib.

Question 53

Sufficient penetration has been obtained on a PA chest projection when the …… and posterior ribs are demonstrated thoroughly the heart and mediastinal structures

Answer 53

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 54

A lateral chest projection demonstrates the posterior ribs separated by 2.5 inches. the superior heart shadow does not extend into the anterior situated lung. How should the patient be repositioned to obtained an optimal image?

Answer 54

Rotate the right side of the chest 1 in posteriorly

Question 55

An AP abdomen projection demonstrates greater distances from the left lumbar vertebral pedicle to the spinous process than the right pedicle sto the spinous process. The projection

Answer 55

Was taken with the patient in an LPO position

Question 56

A supine AP abdomen projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the (4) 1. outline of the psoas major muscles and kidneys. 2. symphysis pubis. 3. spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebral bodies. 4. long axis of the vertebral column aligned with the long axis of the collimated field.

Answer 56

Outline of the psoas major muscles and kidneys, pubic symphysis, spinous process aligned with the midline of the vertebral bodies, long axis of the vertebral column aligned with the long axis of the collimated field

Question 57

How should the technique be adjusted from the routine for an AP abdomen projection(lateral decubitus position) in a patient with ascites or a bowel obstruction? (2) 1. Increase the mAs 30% to 50%. 2. Decrease the mAs 30% to 50%. 3. Increase the kVp 5% to 8%. 4. Decrease the kVp 5% to 8%.

Answer 57

Increase the MAs 30 to 50% and increase the kVp 5% to 8%

Question 58

For a PA chest projection with accurate positioning, the (2) 1. SID is set at 72 inches (183 cm). 2. shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 3. upper midcoronal plane is tilted slightly toward the IR. 4. elbows and shoulders are rotated posteriorly.

Answer 58

SID is set at 72 inches shoulders are postioned at equal distances from the IR

Question 59

A PA chest projection obtained in a full lung expansion

Answer 59

Demonstrates 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

Question 60

A PA chest projection obtained with rotated into a RAO position demonstrates (2) 1. 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the apical lung field above the clavicles. 2. the vertebral column superimposed over the left sternoclavicular (SC) joint. 3. elevated lateral clavicular ends. 4. the left posterior ribs with greater length than the right posterior ribs.

Answer 60

1 in of apical lung field above the clavicles and the left posterior ribs with greater length than the right posterior ribs

Question 61

How much should the technique be adjusted from the routine for an AP abdomen projection in a patient who has a large amount of bowel gase? (2) 1. Increase the mAs 30% to 50%. 2. Decrease the mAs 30% to 50%. 3. Increase the kVp 5% to 8%. 4. Decrease the kVp 5% to 8%

Answer 61

Decrease the MAs by 30-50% and Decrease the kVp 5%-8% kVp

Question 62

For an Ap neonatal or infant chest projection, the (4) 1. central ray is centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of the mammary line. 2. longitudinal collimation should be open enough to include the upper airway. 3. head faces straight up, without rotation. 4. central ray is angled 5 degrees caudally.

Answer 62

CR is centered to teh MSP at the level of the mammary line, longtidudinal collimation should be open enough to include the upper airway, head faces straight up without rotation, and CR is angled 5 degrees caudally

Question 63

A rotated left lateral chest projection demonstrates the heart shadow posterior toe the sternum, which is the anteriorly positioned lung

Answer 63

RIght

Question 64

A left PA 60-degree oblique chest projection (LAO position) (2) 1. demonstrates the heart shadow to the right of the vertebral column. 2. is obtained to evaluate the size and configuration of the heart shadow. 3. best demonstrates the left lung. 4. demonstrates two times as much lung field on one side of the vertebral column as on the opposite side.

Answer 64

Demonstrated the heart to the right of the vertebral column, is obtained to evaluate the size and congfiguraiton of the heart shadow posterior toe

Question 65

The right SC joint is visible away from the vertebral column, and the left SC joint is superimposing the vertebral column on a mobile AP chest projection. How should the postion ionic setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal image

Answer 65

Adjust teh CR angulation toward the left side of the patient

Question 66

A PA chest projection with poor postioning demonstrates vertical clavicles and the manubrium at the same level as the fifth thoracic vertebra. How was the patient positioned for such an image to be obtained

Answer 66

The patients upper MCP was tilted toward the IR

Question 67

For an AP chest projection obtained with a mobile x-ray unit (3) 1. the IR is positioned parallel with the midcoronal plane. 2. the image is obtained without the use of a grid. 3. the manubrium is superimposed over the fourth thoracic vertebra. 4. 10 or 11 posterior ribs are demonstrated above the diaphragm.

Answer 67

The IR is postioned parallel with the MCP, the image is obtained without the use of a grid, the manubrium is superimposed dover the fourth thorax vertebrae

Question 68

For an AP abdominal projection(lateral decubitus postion) (3) 1. the right hemidiaphragm and iliac wing must be included to demonstrate intraperitoneal air. 2. position the shoulders and the ASISs at equal distances from the IR. 3. obtain the exposure on expiration. 4. position the patient’s right side adjacent to the imaging table or cart.

Answer 68

The right hemidiaphragm and iliac wing must be included to demonstrate intraperitoneal air, position the shoulders and the ASIS at equal distances from the IR, obtain the projection on expiration,

Question 69

Air-fluid levels on a AP chest projection (2) 1. demonstrate an increase in density where the fluid is present. 2. are formed when air and fluid separate. 3. are precisely demonstrated when the patient is in a partially upright position. 4. are precisely demonstrated when the central ray is horizontal

Answer 69

Are formed when air and fluid separate, are precisely demonstrated when the CR is horizontal

Question 70

An AP axial chest projection (lordotic Postion) with accurate postioning demonstrates (3) 1. the medial ends of the clavicles projected superior to the lung apices. 2. the lateral borders of the scapulae within the lung field. 3. equal distances from the vertebral column to the SC joints. 4. almost horizontal posterior and anterior portions of the first through fourth ribs.

Answer 70

The medial ends of the clavicles projected superior to the lung apices, equal distances from the vertebral column to the SC joints, almost horizontal posterior and anterior portions of the first thought fourth ribs

Question 71

A PA chest projection (lateral decubitus position) demonstrates (3) 1. the C6-C7 vertebral bodies without distortion. 2. the manubrium superimposed over the fourth vertebral body. 3. a closed C6-C7 intervertebral disk space. 4. clearly shown C6-C7 spinous processes and laminae.

Answer 71

The manubrium superimposed over the fourth vertebral body, a closed C6-C7 inter vertebral disk space, a clearly shown C6-C7 spinous processes and laminae

Question 72

An AP axial chest projection(lordotic postion) demonstrates the clavicles superimposing the lung apices and the anterior ribs inferior to their corresponding posterior ribs. How should the positioning setup be changed to obtain an optimal projection?

Answer 72

Increase the degree of midcoronal tilt with the IR

Question 73

An AP chest projection that demonstrates the manubrium superimposing the third thoracic vertebrae

Answer 73

Was taken with the CR angled too cephalically

Question 74

A tangential, inferosuprior carpal canal wrist projection with accurate positioning demonstrates

Answer 74

The carpal canal

Question 75

A right lateral fourth finger projection obtained with the hand internally rotated to 20 degrees demonstrates 1. equal soft tissue width on both sides of the phalanges. 2. more phalangeal midshaft concavity on the side facing the fifth finger. 3. convexity on one side of the phalanges and concavity on the opposite side. 4. greater phalangeal midshaft concavity on the side facing the third finger.

Answer 75

Greater phalangeal midshaft concavity on the side facing the third finger.

Question 76

What is the projection for the PA oblique finger?

Answer 76

Phalanges demonstrate more concavity on one side than the other

Question 77

A PA wrist projection obtained with the wrist in a neutral position demonstrates (3) 1. the scaphoid in partial foreshortening. 2. the center of the lunate positioned distal to the radioulnar articulation. 3. closed CM joints. 4. alignment of the long axis of the third metacarpal and radius.

Answer 77

The scaphoid in partial foreshortening, the center of the lunate positioned distal to the radioulnar articulations, alignment of the long axis of the third metacarpal and radius

Question 78

A properly positioned tangential projection of the writs will demonstrate which of the following? (3) 1. Flexor retinaculum anteriorly and the capitate posteriorly 2. Scaphoid and trapezium laterally 3. Scaphoid and trapezoid medially 4. Pisiform and hamate medially 5. Flexor retinaculum posteriorly and the capitate anteriorly 6. Pisiform and hamate laterally

Answer 78

Flexi retinaculum anterior lay and the capitate posteriorly, Scaphoid and trapezium laterally, and pisiform and hamate medially

Question 79

Which of the following is not true about an optimal lateral thumb projection? 1. Central ray is aligned parallel with the IP joint spaces. 2. The fingers and hand are flexed until the thumbnail is in profile. 3. Long axes of the thumb are aligned with the collimator light field. 4. Equal soft tissue width on each side of the phalanges.

Answer 79

Equal soft tissue width on each side of the phalanges

Question 80

A lateral elbow projection obtained with the wrist and hand pronated demonstrates (2) 1. the radial head anterior to the coronoid. 2. the radial tuberosity in profile anteriorly. 3. an open elbow joint. 4. the radial tuberosity in profile posteriorly.

Answer 80

An open elbow joint and the radial tuberosity in profile posteriorly

Question 81

For a carpal canal wrist image, the (4) 1. wrist is hyperextended until the long axes of the metacarpals are vertical. 2. hand is rotated 10 degrees internally until the fifth metacarpal is perpendicular to the IR. 3. central ray is angled proximally until the CR is 15 degrees from the MCs. 4. central ray is centered to the palm of the hand.

Answer 81

Wrist is hyperextended until the long axes of the metacarpals are vertical, hand is pronated 10 degrees internally until the fifth metacarpal is perpendicular to the IR, CR is angled proximally until the CR is 15 from the MC’s, CR is centered to the a palm of the hand

Question 82

A less than optimal PA finger projection demonstrates unequal soft tissue width and midshaft concavity on each side of the phalanges. The side of the phalanges with the greatest mid shaft concavity is facing the shortest finger metacarpal. The following is not true or true? Projection will demonstrate more soft tissue width on the lateral surface.

Answer 82

Not true. Projection will demonstrate more soft tissue width on the lateral surface.

Question 83

A PA oblique wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates an obscured trapezoitrapezoidal joint space and excessive trapezoid and capitate superimposition, How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained

Answer 83

Internally rotate the wrist

Question 84

A PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates a closed scapholunate joint and hamate and capitate show some superimposition. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained

Answer 84

Decrease the degree of external wrist rotation

Question 85

A less than optimal lateral elbow projection demonstrating the radial head positioned posterior to the coranoid process

Answer 85

Will also demonstrate the capitulum distal to the trochlea

Question 86

For an externally rotated AP oblique elbow projection with accurate positioning, the (3) 1. capitulum is in profile. 2. capitulum–radial joint space is open. 3. coronoid process is in profile. 4. ulna is demonstrated without radial head superimposition.

Answer 86

Capitulum is in profile, capitulum-radial joint space is open, and ulna is demonstrated without radial head superimposition

Question 87

An AP elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (3) 1. the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile. 2. the radial tuberosity in profile medially. 3. an open capitulum-radial joint. 4. the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition.

Answer 87

The medial and lateral numeral epicondyles in profile, the radial tuberosity in profile medially, an open capitulum-radial joint

Question 88

To properly position an AP humerus, place the elbow at the….. end of the tube….the hand and wrist, and align the humeral condyles….with the IR.

Answer 88

Anode; supinate; parallel

Question 89

The trapezium is demonstrated without superimposition of other anatomy on a lateral wrist projection when the patient

Answer 89

Depresses the distal first metacarpal

Question 90

A lateral elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (3) 1. an open elbow joint space. 2. the radial head distal to the coronoid process. 3. the radius superimposing the radial tuberosity. 4. the anterior fat pad.

Answer 90

An open elbow joint space, the radius superimposing the radial tuberosity, the anterior fat pad

Question 91

How is a patient positioned for a PA wrist projection to superimpose the anterior and posterior margins or the distal radius and obtain open radioscaphoid and radiolunate joint spaces?

Answer 91

Depress the proximal forearm

Question 92

A less than optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection demonstrates closed scaphotrapezium, scaphotrapezoidal, and CM joint spaces. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

Answer 92

Extend the hand, positioning it flat against the IR

Question 93

What is the CR angulation used for the PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection: a proximal scaphoid fracture is suspected, adn the patient is able to ulnar-deviate the wrist?

Answer 93

5-10 degrees

Question 94

A lateral finger projection obtained with the finger in a 45-degree PA oblique projection demonstrates. (2) 1. equal soft tissue width on both sides of the phalanges. 2. more midshaft concavity on one side of the phalanges than on the opposite side. 3. twice as much soft tissue on one side of the phalanges as on the opposite side. 4. convexity on one side of the phalanges and concavity on the opposite side.

Answer 94

More midshaft concavity on one side of the phalanges than on the opposite side and twice as much soft tissue on one side of phalanges as on the opposite side.

Question 95

A PA wrist projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (4) 1. an open radioulnar articulation. 2. the radial styloid in profile. 3. the long axes of the third metacarpal aligned with the midforearm. 4. open second through fifth MC joint spaces.

Answer 95

An open radioulnar articulation, the radial styloid in profile, the long axis of the third metacarpal with the mid forearm, open second through fifth MC joint spaces.

Question 96

Which of the following technical factors should be chosen when 20 mAs is desired and the patient being imaged has difficulty remaining still?

Answer 96

400 mA at 0.05 sec

Question 97

A less than optimal lateral wrist projection demonstrating the distal scaphoid anterior to the pisiform

Answer 97

Was obtained with the wrist internally rotated

Question 98

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the PA wrist projection?

Answer 98

Laterally

Question 99

An optimally positioned PA wrist projection demonstrates all of the following except the……fat stripe

Answer 99

The pronator fat stripe

Question 100

A lateral wrist projection obtained with the elbow flexed 90 degrees and the humerus placed parallel with the IR demonstrates (3) 1. the ulnar styloid distal to the midline of the ulnar head. 2. superimposition of the radius and ulna. 3. superimposition of the distal scaphoid and pisiform. 4. the ulnar styloid in profile

Answer 100

Superimposition of the radius and ulna, superimposition of the distal scaphoid and pisiform, the ulnar styloid in profilee

Question 101

What is the projection for the lateral finger?

Answer 101

Phalanges demonstrate concavity on one side and convervexity on the other

Question 102

the following is not true or true about an optimal axiolateral elbow projection (Colyle method? The capitulum and medial trochlea demonstrate slight superimposition

Answer 102

Not True. The capitulum and medial trochlea demonstrate slight superimposition

Question 103

A lateral elbow projection demonstrates the radial head situated anterior and proximal to the coranoid process. How was the patient positioned for such an image to be obtained (2) 1. The distal forearm was too high. 2. The distal forearm was too low. 3. The proximal humerus was too high. 4. The proximal humerus was too low.

Answer 103

The distal forearm was to high the proximal humerus was too low.

Question 104

A poorly positioned PA oblique wrist projection demonstrates superimposition of the trapezoid and trapezium, and the capitate is superimposed by the trapezoid. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

Answer 104

Decrease the degree of medial wrist rotation

Question 105

An AP forearm projection obtained with the wrist and elbow in lateral rotation demonstrates (2) 1. superimposed first and second metacarpal bases. 2. the proximal radius superimposed over the ulna by more than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm). 3. superimposed fourth and fifth metacarpal bases. 4. the proximal radius and ulna without superimposition.

Answer 105

Superimposed fourth and fifth metacarpal bases and the proximal radius and ulna without superimpostion

Question 106

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the lateral wrist projection?

Answer 106

Anteriorly.

Question 107

An internally rotated AP oblique elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates which of the following structures in profile? (2) 1. Capitulum 2. Radial head 3. Medial trochlea 4. Coronoid process

Answer 107

Medial trochlea and coranoid process

Question 108

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the ulnar-deviated PA wrist projection?

Answer 108

Laterally

Question 109

A PA wrist projection obtained with the hand flexed and the metacarpals at a 45-degree angle with the IR demonstrates (3) 1. a closed radioulnar articulation. 2. foreshortened metacarpals. 3. a decrease in scaphoid foreshortening. 4. closed second through fifth carpometacarpal joint spaces.

Answer 109

Foreshortened metacarpals, a decrease in scaphoid foreshortening, closed second through fifth caropmetacarpal joint spaces

Question 110

A less than optimal lateral elbow projection demonstrating the capitulum posterior to the medial trochlea will

Answer 110

Be obtained when the distal forearm is elevated

Question 111

An optimal AP elbow projection is obtained when

Answer 111

The radial head superimposes the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna by 0.25 in

Question 112

A tangential, inferosuperior carpal canal wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates superimposition of the pisiform and hamulus of the hamate. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

Answer 112

Internally rotate the hand

Question 113

To take advantage of the anode heel effect when imaging a forearm

Answer 113

The wrist is positioned at the anode end of the x-ray tube.

Question 114

A less that optimal PA wrist projection demonstrates an elongated scaphoid and teh second thorough fourth metacarpals superimposing the CM joint spaces. the following is true or false about this projection? The hand was overflexed

Answer 114

True. The hand was overflexed

Question 115

An optimal internally rotated AP oblique elbow projection will or will not demonstrate the following? Radioulnar articulation as an open space

Answer 115

Will not. Radioulnar articulation as an open space

Question 116

The IP joint spaces on a finger projections are open and demonstrated without distortion when the (2) 1. central ray is aligned parallel with the IP joint spaces. 2. central ray is aligned perpendicular to the IP joint spaces. 3. IP joints are aligned parallel with the IR. 4. IP joints are aligned perpendicular to the IR.

Answer 116

CR is aligned parallel with the IP joint spaces and IP joints are aligned perpendicular to the IR

Question 117

An optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial(scaphoid) wrist projection will or will not demonstrate the following? A closed radioscaphoid joint spaces

Answer 117

Wil not. A closed radioscaphoid joint spaces

Question 118

Which of the following projections is used to prevent crossing of the forearm bones?

Answer 118

AP projection

Question 119

What is the CR angle used for the PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection: a distal scaphoid fracture is suspected, and the patient is able to ulnar-deviate until the first metacarpal and radius are aligned?

Answer 119

20-25 degrees

Question 120

What is the CR angle used for the PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection: a scaphoid wrist fracture is suspected, and the patient is unable to ulnar-deviate the wrist

Answer 120

20

Question 121

A lateral forearm projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (3) 1. the distal scaphoid slightly distal to the pisiform. 2. the ulnar styloid in profile. 3. an open elbow joint space. 4. the radial tuberosity in profile.

Answer 121

The distal scaphoid slightly distal to pisiform, the ulnar styloid in profile, and an open elbow joint spaces

Question 122

A PA hand projection obtained with the hand flexed demonstrates (4) 1. foreshortened phalanges. 2. the thumb in a lateral projection. 3. closed IP joint spaces. 4. foreshortened metacarpals.

Answer 122

Foreshortened phalanges, the thumb in a lateral projection, closed IP joint spaces, foreshortened metacarpals

Question 123

A less that optima lateral humerus projection demonstrating the capitulum positioned posterior to the medial trochlea

Answer 123

Will be obtained when the distal forearm is not brought close enough to the torso

Question 124

An AP elbow projection obtained with the elbow internally rotated demonstrates (2) 1. the radial tuberosity in profile. 2. an open capitulum–radial joint space. 3. more than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) of radial head and ulnar superimposition. 4. less than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) of radial head and ulnar superimposition.

Answer 124

An open capitulum-radial joint space and more that’s .25 in of radial head and ulnar superimposition

Question 125

A lateral wrist projection obtained with the wrist in slight internal rotation demonstrates the (2) 1. distal scaphoid anterior to the pisiform. 2. radius posterior to the ulna. 3. distal scaphoid distal to the pisiform. 4. radius anterior to the ulna.

Answer 125

Distal scaphoid anterior to the pisiform and radius anterior to the ulna

Question 126

When the patient ulnar-deviates for a PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection,the (3) 1. first metacarpal and radius are aligned. 2. distal scaphoid shifts anteriorly. 3. lunate is demonstrated distal to the radius. 4. distal scaphoid shifts posteriorly.

Answer 126

First metacarpal and radius are aligned, lunate is demonstrated distal to the radius, distal scapiod shifts posteriorly

Question 127

What is the CR angle used for a PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection: a scaphoid wrist fracture is suspected, and the patient is able to ulnar-deviate until the first metacarpal and radius are aligned?

Answer 127

15 degrees

Question 128

A properly positioned AP thumb will demonstrate which of the following? (2) 1. Twice as much soft tissue is present on the side of the next to the fingers than the opposite side. 2. Phalanges are not foreshortened. 3. Minimal superimposition of the medial palm soft tissue over the proximal first MC and the CM joint. 4. Hand fully extended.

Answer 128

Phalanges are not foreshortened and minimal superimposition of the medial palm soft tissue over the proximal first MC and the CM joint

Question 129

Which of the following are in profile on an optimally positioned AP humerus projection? (3) 1. Lateral epicondyle 2. Medial epicondyle 3. Lesser tubercle 4. Greater tubercle

Answer 129

Lateral epicondyle, medial epicondlye, and greater tubercle

Question 130

A lateral hand projection obtained with the hand in slight external rotation demonstrates the (3) 1. shortest of the second through fourth metacarpals anteriorly situated. 2. radius posterior to the ulna. 3. second metacarpal posterior to the other metacarpals. 4. pisiform posterior to the distal scaphoid.

Answer 130

Shortest of the second thought fourth metacarpals anteriorly situated, radius posterior to the ulna, and second metacarpal posterior to the other metacarpals

Question 131

Which side of the arm is positioned against the IR for the lateral second finger projection?

Answer 131

Radial

Question 132

the following statements is true or false as demonstrated on a lateral elbow projection? When the wrist is in a lateral projection, the radial tuberosity is superimposed by the radius

Answer 132

True. When the wrist is in a lateral projection, the radial tuberosity is superimposed by the radius

Question 133

A PA wrist projection obtained in slight external rotation demonstrates (2) 1. superimposition of the laterally located carpal bones. 2. a closed radioulnar articulation. 3. open lateral carpal joint spaces. 4. the radial styloid in profile.

Answer 133

A closed radioulnar articulation and open lateral carpal joint spaces

Question 134

An externally rotated PA oblique wrist projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (3) 1. the trapezoid and trapezium without superimposition. 2. an open radioulnar articulation. 3. the ulnar styloid in profile. 4. superimposition of the medially located carpals.

Answer 134

The trapezoid and trapezium without superimposition, the ulnar styloid in profile and superimposition of the medially located carpals

Question 135

Sharply recorded details are demonstrated on extemity images when (2) 1. motion is controlled. 2. a large focal spot is used. 3. a small IR is used for computed radiography images. 4. a large OID is used.

Answer 135

Motion is controlled and a small IR is used for computed radiography images

Question 136

Which side of the arm is positioned against the IR for the lateral fourth finger projection?

Answer 136

Ulnar

Question 137

A less than optimal AP elbow projection demonstrating the ulna without radial head superimposition

Answer 137

Was obtained with the elbow in external rotation

Question 138

A lateral forearm projection obtained in a patient with the proximal humerus elevated and the wrist interanally rotated demonstrates the (2) 1. radial head posterior to the coronoid process. 2. pisiform anterior to the distal scaphoid. 3. capitulum distal to the medial trochlea. 4. pisiform distal to the distal scaphoid.

Answer 138

Radial head posterior to the coranoid process and capitulum distal to the medial trochlea

Question 139

What is the degree of CR angulation that should be used for an ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection being obtained to demonstrate a proximal scaphoid fracture?

Answer 139

Use a 10-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are aligned

Question 140

PA wrist projection obtained in radial deviation demonstrates (2) 1. the lunate positioned distal to the ulna. 2. a foreshortened scaphoid. 3. closed CM joints. 4. an elongated scaphoid.

Answer 140

The lunate positioned distal to the ulna and a foreshortened scaphoid

Question 141

What is the projection for the PA finger?

Answer 141

phalanges will demonstrate equal concavity

Question 142

An AP forearm projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the (3) 1. radial styloid in profile laterally. 2. radial head superimposing the ulna by 0.25 inch (0.6 cm). 3. ulnar styloid in profile laterally. 4. humeral epicondyles in profile.

Answer 142

Radial styloid in profile laterally, radial head superimposing the ulna by .25in and humeral epicondyles in profile

Question 143

A less than optimal lateral hand projection demonstrating the longest of the second thought fifth metacarpal midshaft situated anterior to the others

Answer 143

Was obtained with the hand internally rotated

Question 144

A lateral elbow projection obtained with the distal forearm positioned too low and the proximal humerus positioned too high demonstrates the (2) 1. radial head distal and posterior to the coronoid process. 2. radial head proximal and anterior to the coronoid process. 3. capitulum posterior and proximal to the medial trochlea. 4. capitulum anterior and distal to the medial trochlea.

Answer 144

Radial head distal and posterior to the coranoid process and capitulum anterior and distal to the medial trochlea

Question 145

A less than optimal lateral elbow projection demonstrating the capitulum posterior to the medial trochlea will

Answer 145

Be obtained when the distal forearm is elevated

Question 146

When positioning for an AP shoulder projection, a kyphotic patients ….. in spinal…. Will prevent the upper MCP from being straightened

Answer 146

Increase; convexity

Question 147

A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection that was obtained with the patient over rotated demonstrates the(2) 1. glenoid fossa medially. 2. medial scapular border closer to the ribs than the lateral scapular border. 3. superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle. 4. lateral scapular border closer to the ribs than the medial scapular border.

Answer 147

Glenoid fossa medially and lateral scapular border closer to the ribs than the medial scapular borer

Question 148

An accurate PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection is obtained

Answer 148

When an imaging line connecting the coracoid process and acrmoinon angle is aligned parallel with the IR

Question 149

An AP shoulder projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the (2) 1.glenoid fossa in profile. 2. superior scapular body-centered within the collimated field. 3. superolateral scapular border without thorax superimposition. 4. superior scapular angle superior to the mid clavicle.

Answer 149

Superior scapular body-centered within the collimated field and superolateral scapular body without thorax superimposition

Question 150

An AP shoulder projection obtained with the humeral condyles parallel with the IR demonstrates the (2) 1. greater tubercle in profile laterally. 2. lesser tubercle in profile medially. 3. humeral head in profile medially. 4. greater tubercle superimposed over the humeral head.

Answer 150

Greater tubercle in profile laterally and humeral head in profile medially

Question 151

An optimal AP clavicle demonstrates all of the following except the

Answer 151

Middle and lateral thirds of the clavicle seen superior the acrominon process

Question 152

Longitudinal foreshortening of the scapula is demonstrated on an AP shoulder projection when the

Answer 152

Superior scapular angle is visualized superior to the clavicle

Question 153

The AP axial shoulder projection(Stryker Method) (3) 1. is performed to demonstrate the Hill-Sachs defect. 2. is obtained with the affected humerus vertical and the palm of the hand placed on top of the head. 3. uses a 10-degree caudal central ray angle. 4. is obtained with the patient in a supine position.

Answer 153

Is performed to demonstrate the Hill-Sachs defect, is obtained with the affected humerus vertical and the palm of the hand placed on top of the head, and is obtained with the patient in a supine position

Question 154

A tangential supraspinatus outlet projection(Neer method) with accurate positioning is obtained when (4) 1. the arm is abducted and the midcoronal plane is at a 60-degree angle with the IR. 2. a 10- to 15-degree caudal central ray angulation is used. 3. the central ray is centered to the superior aspect of the humeral head. 4. the midcoronal plane is vertical.

Answer 154

The arm is abducted and the MCP is at an 60-degree angle with the IR, a 10 to 15 degree caudal CR angle is used, the CR is centered to the superior aspect of the humeral head, the MCP is vertical

Question 155

A poorly positioned AP Axial projection(Stryker method) of the proximal humerus demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially, How was the setup mispositioned to obtain such an image?

Answer 155

The distal humerus was tilted laterally

Question 156

An AP axial shoulder projection (Stryker Method) with accurate positioning demonstrates the (4) 1. coracoid process situated directly lateral to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle. 2. posterolateral aspect of the humeral head in profile laterally. 3. greater and lesser tubercles in partial profile. 4. coracoid process superimposed over the lateral clavicle

Answer 156

Coracoid process situated directly laterally to the conoid tubercle, posterolateral aspect of the humeral head in profile laterally, greater and lesser tubercles in partial profile, and coracoid process superimposed over the lateral clavicle.

Question 157

An optimal AP scapula projection demonstrates all of the following except the

Answer 157

Glenoid cavity on end

Question 158

An AP right shoulder projection obtained with the patients body rotated away from the IR from the affected shoulder demonstrates (3) 1. the scapula with decreased thoracic superimposition. 2. the medial end of the right clavicle superimposed over the vertebral column. 3. a transversely foreshortened scapular body. 4. the glenoid fossa in profile.

Answer 158

The scapula with decreased thoracic superimposition, the medial end of the right clavicle superimposed over the vertebral column, a transversely foreshortened scapular body

Question 159

An AP scapular projection demonstrates (3) 1. almost superimposed anterior and posterior glenoid fossa margins. 2. the vertebral scapular border without thoracic cavity superimposition. 3. the humeral shaft at a 90-degree angle with the body. 4. the superior scapular angle without clavicular superimposition.

Answer 159

Almost superimposed anterior and posterior Glenoid fossa margins, the humeral shaft at a 90-degree angle with the body, the superior scapular angle without clavicular superimposition

Question 160

For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method) the patient is rotated more than 45-degrees when the patient is (3) 1. recumbent. 2. kyphotic. 3. seated. 4. upright and leaning against the upright IR holder.

Answer 160

Recumbent, kyphotic, and upright and leaning against the upright IR holder

Question 161

The following following statement is true or untrue about an AP axial (Stryker method) projection of the proximal humerus? It is performed to diagnose the Hill-Sachs defect

Answer 161

True. It is performed to diagnose the Hill-Sachs defect

Question 162

An AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method) taken with insufficient patient obliquity

Answer 162

Occurs when the patient is in a recumbent position and rotated 45 degrees

Question 163

A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection with accurate positioning demonstrates(2) 1. the superior angle of the scapula at the same transverse level as the clavicle. 2. superimposed scapular borders. 3. a laterally situated glenoid fossa. 4. the coracoid, acromion, and humerus creating the arms and leg of the Y formation.

Answer 163

The superior angle of the scaplula at the same level at the same transverse level as the clavicle and superimposed scapular borders

Question 164

The vertebral lateral borders of the scapular body are demonstrated without superimposed on a tangential supraspinatus outlet projection. The medial scapular border is demonstrated next to the ribs, and the lateral border is visualized laterally. How should the patient or CR be repositioned to obtain an optimal image?

Answer 164

Increase the degree of patient rotation

Question 165

An AP axial shoulder projection(Stryker Method) with poor positioning that demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile 1. greater tubercle is demonstrated in profile laterally. 2. was obtained because the humerus was elevated beyond vertical. 3. demonstrates the Hill-Sachs defect. 4. was obtained because the distal humerus was tilted laterally.

Answer 165

Was obtained because the distal humerus was tilted laterally

Question 166

An AP oblique shoulder projection(Grashey Method) with accurate positioning demonstrates (3) 1. the glenoid fossa in profile and facing superiorly. 2. an open glenohumeral joint space. 3. a longitudinally foreshortened clavicle. 4. the glenohumeral joint in the center of the collimated field.

Answer 166

An open glenohumeral joint space, a longitudinally foreshortened clavicle, and the glenohumeral joint in the center of the collimated field

Question 167

The glenohumeral joint space is demonstrated as an open space on a (2) 1. inferosuperior axial shoulder projection. 2. transthoracic lateral shoulder projection. 3. AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method). 4. PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection.

Answer 167

Inferosuperior axial shoulder projection and AP oblique shoulder(Grashey Method)

Question 168

A tangential supraspinatus outlet proection (Neer method) that was obtained with the patients body rotated under rotated demonstrates the (2) 1. glenoid fossa medially. 2. medial scapular border closer to the ribs than the lateral scapular border. 3. superior scapular angle 0.5 inch inferior to the clavicle. 4. lateral scapular border closer to the ribs than the medial scapular border.

Answer 168

Medial scapular border closer to the ribs than the lateral scapular border and superior scapular angle .5 in inferior to the clavicle

Question 169

The lesser tubercle is demonstrated in profile on a (3) 1. neutral AP shoulder projection. 2. lateral humeral projection. 3. transthoracic lateral proximal humeral projection. 4. inferosuperior axial shoulder projection.

Answer 169

Lateral humeral projection, transthoracic lateral proximal humeral projection, and inferosuperior axial shoulder projection

Question 170

For an AP scapular projection, the (3) 1. patient’s arm is abducted 90 degrees to the body. 2. image is exposed on expiration. 3. patient’s upper midcoronal plane leans slightly away from the IR. 4. central ray is centered 2 inches (5 cm) inferior to the coracoid.

Answer 170

Patient’s arm is abducted 90 degrees to the body, image is exposed on expiration, and CR is centered 2 in inferior to the coracoid

Question 171

Accurate alignment of the CR and Glenoid cavity on a inferosuperior axial shoulder projection

Answer 171

Will demonstrate the lateral edge of the coracoid process base aligned with the inferior Glenoid cavity

Question 172

For a PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection, the patients (2) 1. humerus is elevated until the hand is placed on the hip. 2. body is rotated toward the unaffected shoulder. 3. body is rotated until an imaginary line connecting the acromion angle and coracoid processes is aligned parallel with the IR. 4. midcoronal plane is vertical.

Answer 172

Body is rotated until an imaginary line connecting the acromoin angle and coracoid processes is aligned parallel with the IR and MCP is vertical

Question 173

An anteriorly dislocated shoulder is demonstrated on an AP shoulder projection when the humeral head is demonstrated inferior to the

Answer 173

Coracoid process

Question 174

A Hill-Sachs defect is a….fracture that results from… dislocations of the humeral head against the….rim of the Glenoid cavity

Answer 174

Compression;anterior; anteroinferior

Question 175

A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection that shows accurate positioning of a patient with an anterior dislocation demonstrates (3) 1. a Y formation. 2. the humeral head positioned anterior to the glenoid fossa beneath the coracoid. 3. superimposition of the medial and lateral scapular borders. 4. the humerus superimposed over the scapular body.

Answer 175

A Y formation, the humeral head postioned anterior to the Glenoid fossa beneath the coracoid, and superimposition of the medial and lateral scapular borders

Question 176

An AP shoulder projection obtained in a patient whose upper MCP was tilted anteriorly demonstrates the (2) 1. lesser tubercle in profile laterally. 2. scapular body longitudinally foreshortened. 3. superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle. 4. scapular body with increased thoracic cavity superimposition.

Answer 176

Scapular body longitudinally foreshortened and superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle

Question 177

An AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey Method) obtained with the patients rotated less that required to obtain accurate positioning demonstrates 1. more than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) of the coracoid superimposed over the humeral head. 2. a closed glenohumeral joint. 3. increased longitudinal clavicular foreshortening. 4. an increase in the amount of thorax and scapular body superimposition.

Answer 177

A closed glenohumeral joint

Question 178

For an AP AC joint projection without weights (4) 1. the central ray is centered to the AC joint. 2. the midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR. 3. a grid is used. 4. the patient’s shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR

Answer 178

The CR is centered to the AC joint, the MCP is positioned parallel with the IR, a grid is used, and the patients shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.

Question 179

To prevent a longitudinal scapular foreshortening when obtaining an AP shoulder projection on a patient with excessive thoracic kyphosis, the

Answer 179

CR should be angled cephallicaly until is is aligned perpendicular to the scapular body

Question 180

An imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned perpendicular to the for a (2) 1. internally rotated AP shoulder projection. 2. AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method). 3. lateral humeral projection. 4. PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection

Answer 180

Internally rotated AP shoulder projection and lateral humeral projection

Question 181

A poorly positioned AP shoulder projection demonstrating most of the articulating surface of the Glenoid cavity

Answer 181

Will also demonstrate the medial clavicular end superimposing the vertebrae

Question 182

For an AP shoulder projection, the (4) 1. shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2. central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to the coracoid. 3. imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned at a 45-degree angle to the IR. 4. central ray is angled cephalically when a kyphotic patient is imaged.

Answer 182

Shoulders are positioned and equal distances from the IR, CR is centered 1 in inferior to the coracoid, imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned at a 45-degree angle to the IR, and CR is angled cephalically when a kyphotic patient is imaged

Question 183

An AP clavicle projection obtained with the patient rotated away form the affected shoulder demonstrates the (2) 1. medial clavicular end superimposed over the vertebral column. 2. medial clavicular end shifted away from the vertebral column. 3. scapular body with increased thoracic superimposition. 4. scapular body with decreased thoracic superimposition.

Answer 183

Medial clavicualr end superimposed over the vertebra column and scapular body with decreased thoracic superimposition

Question 184

Under which of the following conditions is it necessary to use a grid for an axial shoulder projection 1. The AP measurement is over 4 inches (10 cm). 2. The kilovoltage used is above 60. 3. The inferosuperior measurement is more than 4 inches (10 cm). 4. The kilovoltage used is below 60

Answer 184

The inferosuperior measurement is more than 4 in

Question 185

An AP AC joint projection with a kyphotic patient will require a….angulation of the CR, aligned perpendicular to the…..

Answer 185

Cephalic, scapular body

Question 186

A lateral scapular projection obtained with the patient under rotated and the arm placed at a 90-degree angle with the patient demonstrates 1. superimposed lateral and vertebra scapular borders. 2. the lateral scapular border medial to the vertebral border. 3. the superior scapular angle inferior to the coracoid. 4. the vertebral scapular border medial to the lateral border

Answer 186

The vertebral scapular border medial to the lateral border

Question 187

In an AP shoulder projection with external rotation of the humerus, the greater tubercle will be seen

Answer 187

In lateral profile

Question 188

A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection obtained white the patient’s upper MCP plane tilted toward the IR demonstrates (2) 1. the glenoid cavity in profile. 2. the superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle. 3. a longitudinally foreshortened scapular body. 4. the superior scapular angle inferior to the clavicle

Answer 188

The superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle and a longitudinally foreshortened scapular body

Question 189

An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection with the humerus in exaggerated external rotation (epicondyles at a greater than 45-degree angle with the floor) demonstrates the 1. Hill-Sachs defect. 2. humeral neck in profile. 3. greater tubercle in profile anteriorly. 4. greater tubercle in profile posteriorly.

Answer 189

Greater tubercle in profile posteriorly

Question 190

For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the (4) 1. patient’s midcoronal plane is rotated to a 35- to 45-degree angle with the IR. 2. central ray is centered to the coracoid process. 3. patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder. 4. image is obtained with the patient in an upright position.

Answer 190

Patient’s MCP is rotated to a 35-45-degree angle with the IR, CR is centered to the coracoid process, patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder, and image is obtained white patient in an upright position

Question 191

For an inferosuperior axial shoulder projection (3) 1. the patient’s shoulder is elevated on a sponge or washcloth. 2. the patient’s head is tilted and rotated toward the affected shoulder. 3. the patient’s affected arm is externally rotated. 4. a 30- to 35-degree central ray to lateral body surface angle is used if the arm is abducted at a 90-degree angle to the torso.

Answer 191

The patient’s shoulder is elevated on a sponge or washcloth, the patients affected arm is fully extended, and a 30-35 degree CR to lateral body surface angle is used if the arm is abducted at a 90 degree angle.

Question 192

A poorly positioned AP axial clavicle projection that demonstrates the medial clavicular end drawn away from the vertebral column

Answer 192

Will also demonstrate a longitudinally foreshortened clavicle

Question 193

An accurately positioned lateral scapula demonstrates (3) 1. superimposed lateral and vertebral scapular borders. 2. the scapular angle superior to the clavicle. 3. the midscapular body at the center of the exposure field. 4. the scapular body and thoracic cavity without superimposition.

Answer 193

Superimposed lateral and vertebral scapular borders, the midscapular body at the center of the exposure field, and the scapular body and thoracic cavity without superimposition

Question 194

A non dislocated accurately positioned AP oblique scapular Y shoulder projection demonstrates (3) 1. the humeral head superimposed over the glenoid fossa. 2. the glenoid fossa on end. 3. the medial scapular border closer to the ribs than the lateral scapular border. 4. magnification of the scapula and humerus.

Answer 194

The humeral head superimposed over the Glenoid fossa, the Glenoid fossa on end, magnification of the scapula and humerus

Question 195

A lateral scapular projection with accurate positioning obtained with the humerus abducted to a 90-degree angle with the body demonstrates (2) 1. superimposition of the lateral and vertebral scapular borders. 2. the scapula in a Y formation. 3. the superior scapular angle inferior to the coracoid. 4. the midscapular body in the center of the collimated field

Answer 195

Superimposition of the lateral and vertebral scapular borders and the mid-scapular body in the center of the collimated field

Question 196

An AP shoulder projection demonstrates longitudinal foreshortening of the scapular body when the (2) 1. patient’s upper midcoronal plane is tilted away from the IR. 2. patient is rotated onto the affected shoulder. 3. patient is kyphotic. 4. affected shoulder is protracted.

Answer 196

Patient’s upper MCP pale is tilted away from the IR and patient is kyphotic

Question 197

An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection that does not include the posterior aspects of the acromion and humerus was obtained

Answer 197

Without the patient’s shoulders elevated on a sponge or washcloth

Question 198

For an AP axial clavicle projection (3) 1. the patient’s shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2. the central ray is angled 15 to 30 degrees cephalad. 3. a compensating filter is positioned over or under the lateral clavicle. 4. the central ray is centered halfway between the medial and lateral clavicular ends.

Answer 198

The patient’s shoulders are positioned at equal distance from the IR, The CR is 15-30 degrees cephalic, and the CR is centered halfway between the medial and lateral clavicular ends

Question 199

An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection that shows accurate positioning and was obtained with the humeral epicondyles positioned at a 45-degree angle with the floor demonstrates (3) 1. the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head. 2. superimposed inferior and superior glenoid fossa margins. 3. the lesser tubercle in partial profile anteriorly. 4. the lateral edge of the coracoid base medial to the inferior glenoid cavity.

Answer 199

The posterolateral aspect of the humeral head, superimposed inferior and superior Glenoid fossa margins, and the lesser tubercle in partial profile anteriorly

Question 200

An AP clavicle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates (2) 1. the medial clavicular end next to the lateral edge of the vertebral column. 2. the superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle. 3. inferosuperior foreshortening on the kyphotic patient unless the central ray is angled cephalically. 4. an overexposed medial clavicle unless a compensating filter is used

Answer 200

The medial clavicular end next to the lateral edge of the vertebral column and inferosuperior foreshortening on the kyphotic patintent unless the CR is angled cephalically

Question 201

A tangential supraspinatus outlet projection (Neer Method) with accurate position demonstrates (4) 1. the superior scapular angle inferior to the clavicle. 2. superimposed scapular borders. 3. the glenoid cavity on end. 4. the coracoid, acromion, and scapular body creating the arms and leg of the Y formation.

Answer 201

The superior scapular angle inferior to the clavicle, superimposed scapular borders, the Glenoid cavity on end, and the coracoid, acromoin, and scapular body creating the arms and leg of the Y formation

Question 202

An AP axial clavicle with accurate positioning demonstrates the (3) 1. medial clavicular end superimposed over the first and second ribs. 2. middle and lateral thirds of the clavicle superior to the acromion. 3. clavicle bowing upward. 4. medial clavicular end superimposed over the vertebral column.

Answer 202

Medial clavicular end superimposed over the first and second ribs, middle and lateral thirds of the clavicle superior to the acromion, and clavicle bowing upward

Question 203

A poorly positioned inferosuperior axial shoulder projection demonstrates, the inferior Glenoid cavity medial to the lateral edge of the coracoid process, to obtain an optimal projection,

Answer 203

Decrease the CR to lateral body surface angle

Question 204

The arms of the Y on a PA scapular Y shoulder projection are formed by the (2) 1. coracoid. 2. scapular body. 3. acromion. 4. glenoid fossa.

Answer 204

Coracoid and acromion

Question 205

For a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO Postion)

Answer 205

A 30 or 40 in SID is used, the a patients MCP is angled 15-20 degrees with the IR, a long exposure time is used, and costal breathing is used.

Question 206

For an AP oblique rib projection (RPO or LPO) obtained to evaluate upper posterior rib pain

Answer 206

A 75-85 kVp technique is used and the seventh axillary rib is centered to the collimated field

Question 207

A PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position) with poor positioning demonstrates the right SC joint and manubrium superimposed by the thoracic vertebrae. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained

Answer 207

Increase the degree of patient obliquity

Question 208

An above diaphragm AP or PA rib projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the

Answer 208

Scapular outside the lung field, seventh posterior rib at the center of the exposures field, eight posterior ribs above the diaphragm, and thoracici vertebrae-rib head articulations

Question 209

A left lateral sternal projection, with poor positioning demonstrates the superior heart shadow extending beyond the sternum,into the anteriorly located lung. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained?

Answer 209

Rotate the left thorax posteriorly and rotate the right thorax anteriorly

Question 210

An AP oblique rib projection obtained with the patient rotated less than 45 degrees demonstrates the

Answer 210

Posterior ribs with decreased foreshortening, axillary ribs, which are foreshortened, and sternal body next to the vertebral column

Question 211

A lateral sternal projection

Answer 211

Uses a grid and tight collimation to reduce scatter radiation, demonstrates the sternum without humeral soft tissue superimposition, is obtained after deep inspiration, and requires placement of the top edge of the IR 1.5 in above the jugular notch.

Question 212

A les than optimal lateral sternum projection that does not demonstrate the sternum in profile and visualizes the superior heart shadow extending anterior to the sternum

Answer 212

Could also be improved by rotating the right thorax anteriorly

Question 213

How is an AP or PA rib projection of a patient with lower anterior rib pain obtained?

Answer 213

On expiration and with the shoulders at equal distances to the imaging table

Question 214

The right SC joint and right side of manubrium are superimposed by the thoracic vertebrae on a PA oblique sternum projection (RAO position). Such a projection is produced when the

Answer 214

Patient rotation is less than the required amount of

Question 215

On a PA sternal projection (RAO positon) with accurate positioning, the

Answer 215

Posterior ribs are magnified, sternum is demonstrated within the heart shadow, and lung markings are blurred

Question 216

On a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO postion), the posterior ribs are blurred and magnified because

Answer 216

A short SID is used and a long exposure time is used

Question 217

A below-diaphragm AP oblique projection (RPO position) with accurate positioning demonstrates the

Answer 217

Ninth through twelfth axillary ribs below the diaphragm and axillary ribs without foreshortening

Question 218

A lateral ankle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates

Answer 218

An open tibiotalar joint, 1 in of the fifth metatarsal base, and the fibula in the posterior half of the tibia

Question 219

When the legs are flexed 30 degrees for the tangential knee projection(Merchant Method), the CR should be angled

Answer 219

75 degrees

Question 220

For a lateral fourth toe projection,the

Answer 220

Foot is rotated laterally until the toe is in the lateral projection, adjacent toes are drawn away from the affected toe, and CR is centered to the PIP joint

Question 221

An optimal lateral knee projection demonstrates

Answer 221

Superimposed femoral condyles

Question 222

A less than optimal tangential knee projection (Merchant Method) demonstrating the tibial tuberosities within the patellofemoral joint spaces

Answer 222

Will result when the patient has large calves and the axial view angle is not decreased

Question 223

A lateral foot projection obtained in a patient whose leg was externally rotated(heel off IR) demonstrates

Answer 223

The fibula situated too posterior to the tibia and an obscured tibiotalar joint space

Question 224

A 15 to 20 degree internally rotated AP oblique projection with poor positioning demonstrates an open distal lateral mortise superimposing the calcaneus. How was the patient misposioned for such an image to be obtained?

Answer 224

The foot was plantar flexed

Question 225

If the curves of the posterior knees are not accurately positioned just above the bend of the “axial viewer” for a tangential knee projection (merchant method), the

Answer 225

Patellae may be projected into the patellofemoral joint spaces, tibial tuberostities may be demonstrated within the joint spaces, and knees are flexed more or less than 45 degrees

Question 226

An AP knee projection obtained with the CR angled too cephalically demonstrates

Answer 226

Symmetrical femoral condyles, a foreshortened fibular head, and a narrowed or closed femoraltibial joint space.

Question 227

If the patient is unable to extend the knee fully, an open femoraltibial joint is accomplished by aligning the CR perpendicular to the anterior surface of the lower leg and then

Answer 227

Decreasing the angle 5 degrees and centering to the femorotibial joint

Question 228

An AP oblique foot projection with accurate positioning demonstrates

Answer 228

Open joint spaces around the cuboid and the long axis of the foot aligned with the long axis of the collimated field

Question 229

A cephalic CR angle is required on an AP knee projection when the

Answer 229

Patients anterior tibial margin is demonstrated distal to the posterior tibial margin on the resulting image and the knee is flexed and a curved IR is used

Question 230

A lateral knee projection with accurate positioning demonstrates

Answer 230

Superimposed femoral condyles, an open femorotibial joint spaces, and one-fourth of the distal femur and proximal lower leg

Question 231

An accurately positioned PA axial knee projection(Holmblad method) demonstrates all of the following except

Answer 231

The patellar apex within the intercondylar fossa

Question 232

On a lateral foot projection with accurate positioning, the

Answer 232

Tibiotalar joint space is open, talar domes are superimposed, and distal fibula is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia

Question 233

For a lateral ankle projection, the

Answer 233

Lateral foot surface is aligned parallel to with the IR, lower leg is parallel with the imaging table, and CR is centered to the medial malleolus

Question 234

The placement of the patella in relationship to the femorotibial joint spaces on an AP knee projection is affected by

Answer 234

Patellar subluxation and knee flexion

Question 235

An optimal intercondylar fossa: AP Axial Projection(Beclare method) demonstrates

Answer 235

The patellar apex is proximal to their intercondylar fossa

Question 236

A laterally rotated AP oblique knee projection that was taken with the knee rotated more than 45 degrees will demonstrate the

Answer 236

Fibula located in the center of the tibia

Question 237

The tangential knee projection( merchant method) can also be described as a ….. projection

Answer 237

Superoinferior

Question 238

If the medial femoral condyle is situated anterior to the lateral femoral condyle on a lateral knee projection with poor positioning, which of the following is true?

Answer 238

The adductor tubercle will be located on the anterior condyle and the fibular head will demonstrate a decrease in tibial superimposition

Question 239

An AP knee projection on a patient with an ASIS to tabletop measuerment of 17cm was obtained during a perpendicular CR, the resulting image will demonstrate

Answer 239

The fibular head more than .5 in form the tibial plateau

Question 240

A 15 to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection wiht accurate positioning demonstrates which of the following joint as open spaces?

Answer 240

Tibiotalar, Lateral mortise, and medial mortise

Question 241

An AP first toe projection that was obtained with the foot and toe rotated 45 degrees medially demonstrates

Answer 241

More midshaft concavity on one side of the phalanges than on the opposite side and twice as much soft tissue on one side of the phalanges as on the opposite side

Question 242

For a tangential patella projection (Settegast)

Answer 242

Femoral condyles demonstrate equal height, the IR is perpendicular with the patella, and the CR angle is 15-20 degrees wit the lower leg

Question 243

An axial calcaneus projection with the patients foot in plantar flexion and the CR angled 40 degrees proximally demonstrates a

Answer 243

Foreshortened calcaneal tuberosity and closed talocalcaneal joint space

Question 244

A lateral ankle projection demonstrates the fibula too anterior to the tibia and a narrowed talocalcaneal joint. How are the talar domes poistioned on this projection?

Answer 244

Lateral dome anterior and proximal

Question 245

For a tangential knee projection( merchant method)

Answer 245

an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel with the imaging table and the patient is instructed to relax the leg muscles

Question 246

For a lateral knee projection

Answer 246

a patient with long femora and a narrow pelvis does not require an angled central ray, a grid is used if the knee measures over 10 cm, and the central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles.

Question 247

A crosstable lateromedial knee projection demonstrates the medial femoral condyle distal to the lateral femoral condyle. To obtain an optimal projection

Answer 247

Adduct the patients leg

Question 248

A poorly positioned AP knee projection demonstrating a larger lateral femoral condyle than medial condyle

Answer 248

may also demonstrate the fibular head without tibial superimposition.

Question 249

A less than optimal AP axial toe projection demonstrates more soft tissue width on the lateral side than on the medial side of the phalanges. Which of the following is true about this projection?

Answer 249

The toe needs to be rotated laterally to obtain an optimal projection.

Question 250

Which aspect of the foot is placed parallel to the IR for a routine lateral foot projection?

Answer 250

Lateral

Question 251

For an AP projection of the knee with accurate positioning,

Answer 251

an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel with the IR, the intercondylar eminence is centered within the intercondylar fossa, the fibular head is demonstrated about 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) distal to the tibial plateau, and the femoral condyles are symmetrical.

Question 252

Which of the following pertains to a lateral foot projection that demonstrates the lateral talar dome distal to the medial talar dome?

Answer 252

The patient was imaged with the distal tibia elevated and more than 0.5 inch (1 cm) of the cuboid is demonstrated posterior to the navicular.

Question 253

Where should the central ray be centered for an AP axial projection of the foot?

Answer 253

Base of the third MT

Question 254

A poorly positioned 45-degree AP oblique ankle projection demonstrates the calcaneus obscuring the distal aspect of the lateral mortise and the distal fibula. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

Answer 254

Dorsiflex the foot to a 90-degree angle with the lower leg

Question 255

The IP and MTP joint spaces on toe projections are open and demonstrated without distortion when the

Answer 255

CR is aligned parallel with them and joints are aligned perpendicular to the IR

Question 256

An AP axial foot projection obtained with the foot laterally rotated demonstrates

Answer 256

A closed medial-intermediate cuneiform joint space and the calcaneus with increased talar superimpostion

Question 257

A less than optimal AP oblique foot projection demonstrates closed lateral cuneiform–cuboid, navicular–cuboid, and third through fifth intermetatarsal joint spaces. The fourth metatarsal tubercle is demonstrated without fifth metatarsal superimposition. Which of the following is true?

Answer 257

The patient had a high longitudinal arch and a 45-degree oblique was obtained.

Question 258

For a 15- to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection, the

Answer 258

central ray is centered at the level of the medial malleolus, foot is dorsiflexed to a 90-degree angle with the lower leg, long axis of the lower leg is aligned with the long axis of the collimated field, and leg is internally rotated until the intermalleolar line is parallel with the IR.

Question 259

An accurately positioned AP knee projection demonstrates all of the following except the

Answer 259

Fibular head 1 in distal to the tibial plateaus

Question 260

An AP ankle projection obtained with the patient’s leg in external rotation will demonstrate which of the following?

Answer 260

A closed medial mortise

Question 261

A 5- to 7-degree central ray angulation is used for a lateral knee projection

Answer 261

to project the medial condyle anterosuperiorly, to offset the reduction in medial inclination that occurs when the patient is in a lateral recumbent position, and to achieve an open femorotibial joint space.

Question 262

A lateral knee projection demonstrates the medial femoral condyle anterior and proximal to the lateral femoral condyle. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?

Answer 262

The CR was angled too cephalically and the patients patellla was poisoned too close to the IR

Question 263

If the medial talar dome were positioned distal to the lateral talar dome on a lateral foot projection, which of the following is true?

Answer 263

The patients proximal tibia was elevated

Question 264

A lateral knee projection obtained with the patella positioned too close to the IR (leg externally rotated) will demonstrate the

Answer 264

Fibular with decreased tibial superimpostion and medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femoral condyle

Question 265

A less than optimal axial calcaneus projection demonstrates an obscured talocalcaneal joint space and an elongated calcaneus tuberosity. The projection was obtained with the

Answer 265

Patients foot dorsiflexed beyond the required vertical postion

Question 266

For a tangential patella projection (inferosuperior)

Answer 266

Anterior aspect of femoral condyles are in profile and patella is centered superior to the intercondylar fossa.

Question 267

Positioning the femur at a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table for the PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method)

Answer 267

superimposes the proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa and places the patellar apex superior to the intercondylar fossa.

Question 268

For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection, the

Answer 268

leg is externally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR and central ray is aligned parallel with the tibia plateau

Question 269

An medially rotated AP oblique knee projection demonstrates the tibia partially superimposed over the fibular head. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

Answer 269

Increase the degree of internal rotation

Question 270

An optimal AP axial foot projection demonstrates all of the following except:

Answer 270

The calcaneus without talar superimpostion

Question 271

If a PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) is obtained with the patient’s heel rotated internally, which of the following are true?

Answer 271

The lateral and the medial surfaces of the intercondylar fossa are not superimposed and the patella is rotated laterally.

Question 272

An accurately positioned lateral foot projection demonstrates all of the following except:

Answer 272

The distal MT’s at the center of the exposure field

Question 273

If the patient is unable to dorsiflex the foot to a vertical position for an axial calcaneus projection, the

Answer 273

image will demonstrate a foreshortened calcaneal tuberosity unless the central ray angle is increased over the routinely required angulation.

Question 274

Which of the following positioning setup procedures must be completed to obtain open tarsometatarsal and navicular-cuneiform joint spaces on an AP axial foot projection?

Answer 274

The patient’s foot is positioned flat against the IR and the CR is angled 10-15 degrees proximally

Question 275

Which of the following statements is true about an optimal tangential knee projection (Merchant method)?

Answer 275

The lateral femoral condyle demonstrates more height than the medial femoral condyle.

Question 276

An AP knee projection obtained with the knee internally rotated demonstrates

Answer 276

A larger appearing lateral femoral condyle than medial condyle and the fibular head with decreased tibial superimpostion

Question 277

An optimal mortise (15- to 20-degree) AP oblique ankle projection demonstrates the

Answer 277

Distal fibula without talar superimpostion

Question 278

For an AP oblique second toe projection, the toe is rotated _____ degrees _____.

Answer 278

45; medially

Question 279

A less than optimal lateral foot projection demonstrating the lateral talar dome proximal to the medial talar dome

Answer 279

Was obtained with the proximal lower leg elevated

Question 280

Proper elevation of the distal lower leg and vertical placement of the foot’s long axis (heel is not rotated side to side) for the PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method)

Answer 280

superimposes the lateral and the medial surfaces of the intercondylar fossa.

Question 281

A less than optimal lateral knee projection that demonstrates the medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femoral condyle will also demonstrate

Answer 281

The abductor tubercle on the anterior femoral condyle

Question 282

For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection with accurate positioning, the

Answer 282

fibular head, neck, and shaft are superimposed by the tibia and medial condyle is shown in profile.

Question 283

What joint spaces are open on an AP oblique foot projection with accurate positioning?

Answer 283

Third through fifth IP joints and joint spaces around the cuboid

Question 284

Why should the foot be dorsiflexed to a 90-degree angle with the lower leg for a lateral ankle projection?

Answer 284

It places the tibiotalar joint in a neutral position and it allows the anterior pretalar fat pad to be used to detect joint effusion.

Question 285

Which of the following is true with respect to axial calcaneal projections?

Answer 285

The image demonstrates an open talocalcaneal joint space and a 40-degree central ray is directed proximally

Question 286

A lateral ankle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates

Answer 286

an open tibiotalar joint, 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the fifth metatarsal base, and the fibula in the posterior half of the tibia.

Question 287

On a lateral foot projection with accurate positioning, the

Answer 287

tibiotalar joint space is open, talar domes are superimposed, and distal fibula is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia.

Question 288

A lateral knee projection obtained with the patella positioned too close to the IR (leg externally rotated) will demonstrate the

Answer 288

fibula with decreased tibial superimposition and medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femoral condyle.

Question 289

A 15- to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection with poor positioning demonstrates an open distal lateral mortise superimposing the calcaneus. How was the patient mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?

Answer 289

The foot was plantar flexed

Question 290

An AP knee projection obtained with the central ray angled too cephalically demonstrates

Answer 290

Symmetrical femoral condyles, a foreshortened fibular head, and a narrowed or closed femorotibial joint space

Question 291

For a lateral knee projection,

Answer 291

A patient with long femora and a narrow pelvis does not require an angled central ray, a grid is used if the knee measures over 10 cm, and the central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles.

Question 292

Positioning the femur at a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table for the PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method)

Answer 292

superimposes the proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa and places the patellar apex superior to the intercondylar fossa.

Question 293

For a tangential patella projection (inferosuperior),

Answer 293

Anterior condyles are in profile and the patella is centered superior

Question 294

For an AP pelvis projection (modified Cleaves method), the

Answer 294

ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the IR, and knees and hips are flexed until the femurs are aligned at a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table.

Question 295

A less than optimal AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method) demonstrating the greater trochanter positioned laterally

Answer 295

was obtained because the knee and hip were not flexed enough.

Question 296

When obtaining an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip on patients with ample lateral soft-tissue thickness, the

Answer 296

IR is positioned superior to the iliac crest.

Question 297

An AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method) obtained with the knee and hip flexed more than 60 to 70 degrees with the imaging table demonstrates

Answer 297

An obscured lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter medially

Question 298

For the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip,

Answer 298

the unaffected hip should be in maximum flexion and abduction and a grid and tight collimation are needed to increase detail visibility

Question 299

Which of the following is not true about AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method)?

Answer 299

The femoral neck is superimposed over the lesser trochanter when the knee and hip are flexed to a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table.

Question 300

A left AP hip projection of a patient who was rotated toward the right side demonstrates

Answer 300

The sacrum and coccyx rotated toward the left hip and a narrowed left iliac wing

Question 301

An axiolateral (inferosuperior) hip projection obtained with the patient’s affected leg in external rotation demonstrates

Answer 301

The greater trochanter in profile posteriorly

Question 302

A less than optimal AP oblique sacroiliac joint projection demonstrating the ilium superimposing the sacral ala and lateral sacrum will

Answer 302

require decreased pelvic obliquity to obtain optimal positioning.

Question 303

An AP axial sacral iliac joint projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the

Answer 303

median sacral crest and symphysis pubis in alignment, sacroiliac joints without foreshortening, symphysis pubis superimposed over the inferior sacral segments and, second sacral segment at the center of the image.

Question 304

An AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method) obtained with the leg abducted almost to the imaging table demonstrates the greater trochanter

Answer 304

At the same transverse level as the femoral head

Question 305

An optimal AP pelvis projection (modified Cleaves method) should demonstrate all of the following except the

Answer 305

proximal aspects of the greater and lesser trochanters at approximately the same transverse level

Question 306

Which of the following is true with regard to the female pelvis?

Answer 306

The overall shape wider than a male pelvis and the obturator foramen is smaller than on a male pelvis

Question 307

An optimal axiolateral (inferosuperior) hip projection demonstrates all of the following except the

Answer 307

femoral neck with partial foreshortening.

Question 308

For an AP oblique sacroiliac joint projection (LPO position), the

Answer 308

sacroiliac joint of interest is positioned farther from the IR, right marker should be used, and central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) medial to the elevated ASIS.

Question 309

The central ray angulation used for AP axial sacroiliac joint projections

Answer 309

produces an image without sacroiliac joint foreshortening.

Question 310

An AP hip projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the

Answer 310

greater trochanter in profile and femoral neck without foreshortening.

Question 311

An AP hip projection obtained with the patient’s leg in external rotation demonstrates

Answer 311

the lesser trochanter in profile and a foreshortened femoral neck.

Question 312

A less than optimal AP hip projection demonstrating the lesser trochanter in profile

Answer 312

Will also demonstrate a foreshortened femoral neck

Question 313

An AP projection of the sacroiliac joints taken with insufficient central ray angulation will

Answer 313

demonstrate the inferior sacrum without symphysis pubis superimposition

Question 314

An AP pelvis projection obtained with the patient rotated toward the left hip demonstrates

Answer 314

the symphysis pubis rotated toward the left hip, a narrower right iliac wing, a narrower left obturator foramen, and the sacrum and coccyx rotated toward the right hip.

Question 315

For an AP left hip projection (modified Cleaves method), the patient was positioned with the left ASIS placed closer to the imaging table than the right ASIS. On such a projection, the left hip demonstrates

Answer 315

a narrowed obturator foramen, the iliac spine without pelvic brim superimpostion, and the sacrum and coccyx without symphysis pubis alignment

Question 316

For an AP projection of the hip with accurate positioning

Answer 316

the ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the IR and the central ray is centered 1.5 inches (4 cm) distal to the midpoint between the ASIS and symphysis pubis to center the hip joint in the field

Question 317

An optimal AP pelvis projection demonstrates

Answer 317

the sacrum and coccyx aligned with the symphysis pubis, the ischial spines aligned with the pelvic brim and a symmetrically appearing obturator foramen.

Question 318

For an AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method), the

Answer 318

lesser trochanter is demonstrated in profile, greater trochanter appears at a level halfway between the lesser trochanter and femoral head and ischial spine is demonstrated with pelvic brim superimposition

Question 319

Internally rotating the affected leg for an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip

Answer 319

positions the greater trochanter behind the femoral neck and shaft and positions the lesser trochanter in profile.

Question 320

A less than optimal axiolateral (inferosuperior) hip projection demonstrating the greater trochanter at a transverse level proximal to the lesser trochanter

Answer 320

was obtained using a central ray to femur angle that was too large.

Question 321

Which of the following statements is not true about an AP pelvis projection obtained with the patient rotated toward the right hip?

Answer 321

The left obturator foramen will demonstrate more foreshortening than the right foramen.

Question 322

How is the patient positioned for an AP projection (modified Cleaves method) of the pelvis to demonstrate the femoral neck without foreshortening?

Answer 322

Abduct the femurs to 20 to 30 degrees from vertical.

Question 323

For an AP axial sacroiliac joint projection, the

Answer 323

central ray is centered to the midsagittal plane at a level 1.5 inches superior to the symphysis pubis and male patients require 5 degrees less central ray angulation than female patients.

Question 324

An AP oblique sacroiliac joint projection (RPO position) with poor positioning demonstrates a closed sacroiliac joint, the iliac tuberosity demonstrated medial to the lateral ala, the ilium demonstrating decreased lateromedial foreshortening, and the lateral sacrum seen without ilium superimposition. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

Answer 324

The pelvis was insufficiently rotated.

Question 325

Hip and knee flexion for an AP pelvis projection (modified Cleaves method)

Answer 325

positions the lesser trochanter in profile and rotates the greater trochanter beneath the femoral neck.

Question 326

As one increases the degree of femoral abduction for an AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method), the

Answer 326

Greater trochanter moves closer to the femoral head and femoral neck demonstrates increased foreshortening