Abnormal urination pattern that produces less than 50-100mL excretion in 24hrs
Anuria
Abnormal urination pattern that is reduction of excretion (100-500mL) in 24hrs
oliguria
Abnormal urination pattern of excessive excretion
polyuria
Abnormal urination pattern of excessive excretion at night
nocturia
painful urination
dysuria
blood in urine
hematuria
8 normal characteristics of urine
color, amount, clarity, odor, presence of sediment, pH, specific gravity, constituents
Principles of sterile technique
-Perform hand hygiene
-Ensure that sterile objects touch only other sterile objects to maintain a sterile environment
-Open sterile packaging away from the body to avoid contamination
-Keep sterile surfaces dry
-Keep all sterile items above the waistline to ensure that the sterile object is kept in sight
-Avoid coughing, talking, sneezing, or reaching across sterile field
-Keep items sterile that are used to enter a normally sterile environment
How do you perform a 24hr urine specimen sample?
-Clamp catheter tubing below the level of the port, for about 15 minutes
-Clean specimen port
-Using syringe aspirate 10-30mL of urine, and squirt urine into a sterile specimen cup
-Clean port with alcohol again
Unclamp tubing
-Post a sign on the patients bathroom door as a helpful reminder not to discard urine
-Indicate a collection at a specific time
-Discard the first uring and then collect all urine voided for the next 24hrs
-At end of the 24hrs, ask the pt to void. Keep this uring and add it to previously collected urine and send to lab
How do you obtain a urine sample from an anchored urinary catheter?
-Clamp catheter tubing below the level of the port, for about 15 minutes
-Clean specimen port
-Using syringe aspirate 10-30mL of urine, and squirt urine into a sterile specimen cup
-Clean port with alcohol again
-Unclamp tubing
How do you do a clean-catch, midstream urine specimen collected?
-Cleanse the peri-area around the urinary meatus with an antiseptic wipe
-Have the pt void a small amount of urine into the toilet, then void into a sterile specimen container
-Finish voiding in the toilet, cap sample, place in designated area
-The first amount of urine voided helps flush away any organisms near the meatus
Type of urinary incontinence that is caused by loss of urine during increased intra-abdominal pressure
stress incontinence
Type of urinary incontinence that is caused by sudden strong urge to void with rapid bladder contraction
urge incontinence
Type of urinary incontinence that is caused by combination of stress and urge incontinence
mixed incontinence
Type of urinary incontinence that is caused by physical limitations preventing timely toilet access
functional incontinence
Type of urinary incontinence that is caused by incomplete bladder emptying leading to constant dribbling
overflow incontinence
Type of urinary incontinence that is caused by neurological conditions affecting bladder control
reflex incontinence
what are the Causes of dehydration
insufficient fluid intake, excessive fluid loss, confusion/altered mental status
what are the Signs/symptoms of dehydration
poor skin turgor, delayed capillary refill, orthostatic hypotension, muscle weakness
What are the causes of fluid overload?
excessive IV fluid administration, heart failure, renal impairment, endocrine disorders, high sodium intake, ARDS
What are the signs and symptoms of fluid overload?
weight gain, bounding pulse, increased bp, pulmonary edema, lethargy, etc.
type of wound healing that includes clean surgical incisions w/ minimal tissue loss, edges approximated w/ sutures, minimal scarring, results in fine linear scar
primary intention
type of wound healing that includes large and irregular wounds from trauma or infection, extensive tissue loss, edges can’t be approximated, requires debridement, heals from bottom up, forms larger scar
secondary intention
type of wound healing that includes initially contaminated wounds, left open temporarily and closed with sutures after wound clean, common in contaminated surgical wounds
Tertiary intention
