Exam 2

Question 1

elements of anxiety

Answer 1

1. cognitive: thinking “im gonna get hurt”
2. somatic/physical: shaking, short of breath
3. emotional: fraustrated, sadness, angry
4. behavioral: biting nails, fidgeting, freezing

Question 2

physiological changes in anxiety

Answer 2

sympathetic: arousing
parasympathetic: calming

Question 3

what is a panic disorder?

Answer 3

feelings of terror that strike suddenly with no warning

Question 4

symptoms of panic attack

Answer 4

chest pain, light headedness, fear of dying

Question 5

must have 4 or more symptoms to have a panic attack

Answer 5

!!!!!

Question 6

diagnosing panic disorder

Answer 6

1. recurrent unexpected panic attacks
2. at least a month of
   - worrying about having another panic attack
   - significant maladaptive change in behavior

Question 7

what demographic is panic disorder more common in?

Answer 7

• 2x as common in women than men
• more common in young adults
• 4-7x more likely to be diagnosed if family memeber is diagnosed

Question 8

biological view of panic disorder

Answer 8

genetics (biochemistry and neuroanatomy)
poor circulation of norepineprine in the brain stem (locus ceruleus)

Question 9

if predisposition is there what will give someone symptoms?

Answer 9

if they are given sodium lactate

Question 10

treatment of panic disorder

Answer 10

1. drugs:
   - tricyclic antidepressants (imiprimine/trofanil)
   - SSRI’s and SNRI’s
   -benzodiazapines (short term fix) xanax/valium
2. cognitive behavioral therapy (gradual exposure)
3. combination of those two

Question 11

co existing disorders of panic disorder

Answer 11

1. alcohol abuse/dependence
2. depression (1/3 who depend on alc have panic disorder)

Question 12

agoraphobia

Answer 12

“fear of marketplace”
- public transportation
- being in open spaces
- being in enclosed spaces
- standing in line/being in crowds
- being out of home alone

Question 13

agoraphobia critera

Answer 13

avoid situations, go w/ compainion, endure w/ intense anxiety
- at least 6 months of this to be diagnosed
- has to cause distress or impairment (social or occupational)

Question 14

agoraphobia treatments

Answer 14

1. behavioral (classical conditioning)
   - in vivo exposure (extinction)
2. biological (imiprimine/trofanil)
3. combination of the two

Question 15

specific phobia

Answer 15

something more specifc is threatening
- fear is out of proportion to actual danger
- persistent (more than 6 months)

Question 16

types of specific phobias

Answer 16

1. animal (anything living)
2. natural environment (storms, water, height)
3. blood (diff bc it makes bp drop)
4. situational (planes, elevators)
5. other type (loud sounds, vomit, clowns)

Question 17

social anxiety disorder

Answer 17

fear of hummilation, embarassment, or rejection

Question 18

theoretical explanations of phobias

Answer 18

1. psychoanalytic account and evaluation
   - fear is being displaced
2. behavioral account
   - classical conditioning/ development of phobia

Question 19

what happens if phobia is escaped

Answer 19

extinciton wont happen

Question 20

what happens if phobia is avoided

Answer 20

negative reinforcement

Question 21

specifc phobia treatment

Answer 21

1. behavioral therapies (systematic densensitization)
2. expose-modeling gradual
3. applied tension for medical phobias (best treatment)
4. drugs (BZD’s, antidepressants, SSRI’s, CBT)

Question 22

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 22

someone who just worries
excessive worry more days than not for 6 months
3 or more symptoms

Question 23

GAD treatment

Answer 23

1. CBT
2. drugs
   - buspirone
   - Buspar

Question 24

OCD

Answer 24

either a obsession or compulsion or both

Question 25

obsession

Answer 25

recurrent, intrusive thought or urge or image that causes anxiety or distress attempts to ignore with another thought or action

Question 26

compulsion

Answer 26

1. repetitive behavior 2. mental acts

Question 27

common obsessions

Answer 27

1. contamination 2. need for symmetry 3. sexual thoughts 4. impulse to go against moral code 5. repeated doubts

Question 28

common compulsions

Answer 28

1. cleaning 2. checking 3. repeating 4. ordering 5. hoarding

Question 29

treatment of OCD

Answer 29

CBT with comorbid of depression antidepressants (clomipramine/Anafranil) SSRI's (fluoxatine/prozac/paxil/zoloft) - gives more serotonin

Question 30

biological view of OCD

Answer 30

frontal cortex : thoughts caudate nucelus : filtering malfunction thalamus : thinking and behaviors

Question 31

PTSD

Answer 31

exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

Question 32

types of PTSD

Answer 32

1. direct exposure 2. witness 3. learning of trauma to close friend 4. exposure to aversive details of trauma

Question 33

categories of PTSD symptoms

Answer 33

1. intrusive symptoms (recurrent) 2. persistent avoidance 3. negative alterations in cognitions or mood 4. alterations in arousal and reactivity

Question 34

irritability/anger

Answer 34

may punch wall

Question 35

recklessness or self destructive behavior

Answer 35

drinking too much/driving too fast

Question 36

hypervigilance

Answer 36

always scanning environment

Question 37

how long to be diagnosed with PTSD

Answer 37

more than a month of symptoms

Question 38

acute stress disorder

Answer 38

PTSD symptoms for less than a month

Question 39

survivor guilt

Answer 39

people who live when others die and ask "why me"

Question 40

cognitive processing therapy

Answer 40

used in PTSD where they write about events in full detail

Question 41

secondary trauma

Answer 41

vicarious trauma

Question 42

dissociative disorders

Answer 42

sudden, temporary alteration in consiousness, identity, or motor behavior

Question 43

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 43

"multiple personality disorder" - 2 or more personalities

Question 44

hidden observer

Answer 44

ernest hillgard - active mode to consiousness (know and retrieve mems) - passive receptive mode (things can be registered that we didnt actively try to remember)

Question 45

evidence of hidden observer

Answer 45

1. hypnosis 2. anesthesia