1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
In every energy transfer, some energy is lost as heat energy.
Entropy is the disorder in the universe
In the following reaction, which is oxidized and which is reduced?
A + B = A+ + B-
A is oxidized and B is reduced.
Coenzyme
organic molecule
enhances enzyme activity/acts like enzyme
redox reactions
Cofactor
inorganic metal ion
regulates enzyme activity
facilites reactions
How does feedback inhibition work?
The product of an enzyme interacting w a substrate interacts with an inhibitor enzyme which blocks the pathway of the subtrate
The reducing agent is…
Oxidized.
The oxidizing agent is…
Reduced.
What are the factors that affect the function of an enzyme?
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration
Entropy is the measure of ___
Disorder
Net energy in exergonic reaction
—G
Net energy in endergonic reaction
+ G
What kinds of genes affect the cell cycle when mutated
Tumor suppressant
Proto oncogenes
What is the FtsZ protein
Forms the ring that allows for binary fission
What is the function of fermentation
Returning NADH to NAD+
By donating electrons to pyruvate
To form lactic acid / ethanol
Ribozyme
RNA that acts like an enzyme and catalyzes reactions involving RNA
Genome
complete set of all DNA material
Chromosome
condensed coiled version of DNA
ChromatiD
identical copies of a replicated chromosome
ChromatiN
uncoiled version of DNA
Centriole
rod like thingy made of microtubules
in the middle of centrosome
Centrosome
shit where the spindles come out of
Centromere
Chromosome – kinetochore, where the centrioles connect during cell division, part that connects 2 sister chromatids
