Exam 2

Question 1

Sterilization

Answer 1

The process of killing all microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. (Example: using an autoclave.)

Question 2

Disinfectant

Answer 2

A chemical used to kill most germs on surfaces, but not necessarily all spores. (Example: bleach or alcohol wipes.)

Question 3

Decontamination

Answer 3

The overall cleaning process that removes or reduces harmful microbes to make something safe to handle. It can include cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization depending on the situation.

Question 4

How long do instruments sit in the ultrasonic bath?

Answer 4

16 minutes

Question 5

What is the objective of the cleaning step?

Answer 5

reduce bioburden

Question 6

What are the three methods of the cleaning step?

Answer 6

1.) ultrasonic processing
2.) washer-disinfector
3.) manual cleaning

Question 7

Ultrasonic processing is not a substitute for ____________; it is only a cleaning process.

Answer 7

sterilization

Question 8

What is the purpose of packaging instruments?

Answer 8

To prevent contamination of newly sterilized instruments as soon as they are removed from the sterilizer

Question 9

What are different packaging materials?

Answer 9

plastic, paper, & cloth pouches available

Question 10

_______________ is used to seal all packages.

Answer 10

Chemical indicator tape

Question 11

What are four approved methods of sterilization?

Answer 11

1.) moist heat: steam under pressure
2.) dry heat
3.) chemical vapor
4.) ethylene oxide

Question 12

For the autoclave: _____ degrees Celsius, ___ pounds pressure, ___ minutes after pressure & temp
have been reached.

Answer 12

121, 15, 15

Question 13

For dry heat: ____ degrees Celsius maintained for ___ hours; or ___ degrees Celsius for ____ hour

Answer 13

160;2
170;1

Question 14

True or false: Instruments stored without sealed wrappers are only momentarily sterile.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is a high level chemical disinfectant?

Answer 15

High Level: inactivate spores & all forms of bacteria, fungi, & viruses.

Question 16

What is an intermediate level chemical disinfectant?

Answer 16

Intermediate Level: inactivate all forms of microorganisms but do not destroy spores.

Question 17

What is a low level chemical disinfectant?

Answer 17

Low Level: inactivate vegetative bacteria & certain lipid-type viruses, but do not destroy spores, tubercle bacilli, or nonlipid viruses.

Question 18

Shelf life of phenol solution:

Answer 18

60 days

Question 19

What are some properties of an ideal disinfectant?

Answer 19

Broad Spectrum
Fast Acting
Not affected by physical factors
Nontoxic
Surface compatibility

Question 20

Are there any products that meet all of the criteria for an ideal disinfectant?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Immunization

Answer 21

the process of rendering a subject immune to a particular disease by stimulation with a specific antigen to promote antibody formation in the body

Question 22

Immunity

Answer 22

the resistance that a person has against disease; it may be natural or acquired

Question 23

Antibody

Answer 23

soluble protein molecule produced & secreted by body cells in response to an antigen; capable of binding to that specific antigen

Question 24

Vaccine

Answer 24

a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms administered for the prevention or treatment of an infectious disease

Question 25

Vaccination

Answer 25

process of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease

Question 26

What are some immunizations for adults

Answer 26

Tetanus & Diphtheria Influenza Pneumococcal Hepatitis B Hepatitis A

Question 27

How many doses are Hep B vaccines administered in?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

What is the Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in 20-39 year old adults?

Answer 28

95%

Question 29

What is the Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in children?

Answer 29

99%

Question 30

Hep B vaccine is Most effective when given in the ______ muscle

Answer 30

deltoid

Question 31

Hep B vaccine May be less effective in ______ people

Answer 31

older

Question 32

Immunity against HBV is believed to persist for at least ____ years after successful immunization.

Answer 32

15

Question 33

Wound management

Answer 33

wash with soap & water; mucous membranes should be flushed with water

Question 34

Exposure reporting

Answer 34

circumstances & postexposure management should be recorded in the exposed person’s confidential medical record

Question 35

What are some factors of the assessment of infection risk?

Answer 35

Type and severity of exposure Bloodborne status of source person Susceptibility of exposed person

Question 36

HIV-antibody testing should be performed for at least ____ months postexposure

Answer 36

6

Question 37

What are the time intervals that HIV-antibody testing is performed within the 6 months postexposure

Answer 37

6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months

Question 38

What is OSHA’s mission?

Answer 38

to assure the safety and health of American workers

Question 39

OSHA is part of the _________________________

Answer 39

United States Department of Labor

Question 40

The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act was passed unanimously by Congress on ________

Answer 40

November 6, 2000

Question 41

What is the goal of The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act

Answer 41

to reduce needlesticks among healthcare workers and others who handle sharps

Question 42

What kind of log does The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act require

Answer 42

keeping of a “sharps injury” log

Question 43

CDC estimates _______ percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps among healthcare workers in hospitals annually.

Answer 43

380,000

Question 44

Percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps among ALL healthcare settings- _______ annually

Answer 44

700,000

Question 45

For HIV, what is the change of acquiring with a single needlestick?

Answer 45

0.47%

Question 46

For Hepatitis B, what is the change of acquiring with a single needlestick?

Answer 46

7-30%

Question 47

Post Exposure Evaluation & Follow-up is required for?

Answer 47

all sharps injuries all other exposures (ex: splash to mucous membranes)

Question 48

Historically, there has been ______ reporting of needlestick incidents.

Answer 48

poor

Question 49

Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act (2001)

Answer 49

🔹 Required safer needle devices and sharps with injury protection. 🔹 Employers must ask employees for input on which safety devices to use. 🔹 Must keep a Sharps Injury Log to record any injuries. 💡 Main idea: Add safety needles + track injuries + involve workers.

Question 50

Annual Review of Exposure Control Plan

Answer 50

🔹 Employers must update the plan every year to include new safer devices or technology. 💡 Main idea: Update safety plan yearly with better equipment.

Question 51

Employee Input Requirement

Answer 51

🔹 Employers must ask for feedback from frontline workers (like hygienists) about safety devices and practices. 💡 Main idea: Workers’ opinions matter for choosing safe tools.

Question 52

Depending on the type of device used & the procedure involved, _____ of sharps injuries can be prevented with safer medical devices.

Answer 52

62-88%

Question 53

True or false: Not all “safety” devices are actually safe.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What kind of information must a sharps injury log include?

Answer 54

 type & brand name of the device  in what department/location the incident occurred  an explanation of how the incident occurred