Define ‘Years of Life Lost’ or YLL
The difference between the average life expectancy and when a person actually dies.
Eg, if someone dies at 30, but the life expectancy is 75, the YLL is 45
Define the ‘disability-adjusted life year’ or DALY
Number of years lost to illness or disease
Define incubation period
Time between exposure and first symptoms of illness
Define latent period
Time between exposure and infectiousness
Define infectious period
Duration of time in which someone is able to spread a pathogen to others
Define endemic
Disease with no fluctuation in incidence
Define epidemic
Define pandemic
What are the routes of transmission?
- Droplet
- Airborne
- Sexually transmitted
- Blood-borne
- Fecal/Oral
- Contact
- Nosocomial
- Vector-borne
- Vertical
What is vertical transmission?
From mother to infant
What is disease control?
Activities and programs that focus on primary and secondary prevention
What is disease elimination?
Disease elimination from a specific geographic area, but continued measures to prevent re-establishment are necessary
What is eradication?
Complete, world-wide elimination of a pathogen and control measures are no longer necessary
