What is a holoparasite? Examples?
A complete parasite that cannot perform photosynthesis and must get all nutrients from the host
Ex: Rafflesia (corpse flower)
What is a hemiparasite? Examples?
A parasite that can complete photosynthesis but must get water from the host
Ex: Mistletoe
Why did some plants evolve to digest insects?
They often live in nutrient poor conditions/soils (or extreme environments) so insects are a more readily available source of nutrients
What are some examples of carnivorous plants?
- Droseraceae - Fly Trap
- Nepenthaceae - Pitcher Plant
- Rafflesia - Corpse Flower
How is the ovule of Asterids different from the rest of the angiosperms?
Asterids have one integument and a thin nucellus. Some also do plunger pollen presentation.
What are the differences between the Lamiids and the Campanulids?
Lamiid: Opposite leaves, superior ovary
Campanulids: Alternate leaves, inferior ovaries
What is plunger pollen presentation?
The style pushes through the flower while it is still closed and forces the pollen outside. Then, the stigma (at the end of the style) opens. When pollinators land on the flower to eat, their heads brush the bristle tip and collect the pollen.
what is homology
similarities due to a common ancestor
what is analogy
a result of convergent evolution
what is convergent evolution
when unrelated species evolve to have similar characteristics, due to their needs
what are the synapomorphies of angiosperms?
- stamens
- carpels
- perianth (petals and sepals/tepals)
explain double fertilization in angiosperms
one sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, a second sperm fertilizes the central cell to form an endosperm
What are the 3 classes of fabaceae?
- Mimosoideae
- Caesalpinioideae
- Papilionoideae
How are papilionoideae and polygalaceae different?
Pap: 1 large banner, 2 wings, and 2 petals forming keel.
Poly: 2 wings, 1 petal in keel. Sometimes have a little brush tip at the end of keel
What are some examples of Lamiids
- Verbenaceae
- Oleaceae
- Apocynaceae
- Plantaginaceae
What are some examples of Campanulids?
- Apiaceae
- Asteraceae
