luke NURS 220 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

Define critical thinking in nursing.

A

Intentional higher-level thinking guided by standards, ethics, and continuous self-correction.

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2
Q

Define clinical reasoning.

A

The cognitive process of gathering, analyzing, and evaluating information to guide nursing actions.

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3
Q

Define clinical judgment.

A

The final decision resulting from critical thinking and clinical reasoning.

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4
Q

Name the four components of Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model.

A

Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, Reflecting.

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5
Q

What does ‘effective noticing’ include?

A

Focused observation, recognizing deviations, and information seeking.

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6
Q

What does ‘effective interpreting’ involve?

A

Prioritizing data and making sense of information.

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7
Q

What does ‘effective responding’ require?

A

A calm, confident manner and well-planned interventions.

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8
Q

What does ‘effective reflecting’ include?

A

Clear communication, flexibility, and skillful practice.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model?

A

To describe how clinical judgment informs decisions and expected student behaviors.

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10
Q

What does the Clinical Judgment Action Model align?

A

Six cognitive operations with situational factors.

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11
Q

List the five steps of the nursing process.

A

Assessing, Diagnosing, Planning, Implementing, Evaluating.

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12
Q

What makes the nursing process systematic?

A

It follows an ordered sequence of activities.

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13
Q

What makes the nursing process dynamic?

A

The steps overlap and interact continuously.

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14
Q

What is the primary source of assessment data?

A

The patient.

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15
Q

Define objective data.

A

Observable and measurable information.

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16
Q

Define subjective data.

A

Information perceived only by the patient.

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17
Q

When should a nurse verify data?

A

When discrepancies or lack of objectivity exist.

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18
Q

What is a common error in data collection?

A

Omitting pertinent information.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of validating inferences?

A

To ensure accuracy and consistency of data.

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20
Q

List the four blended competencies of nursing.

A

Technical, interpersonal, ethical/legal, cognitive.

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21
Q

What is the MOST important nursing skill according to the slides?

A

Critical thinking.

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22
Q

Define person-centered care.

A

Care based on patient needs, values, and choices with shared information and collaboration.

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23
Q

What is one guiding principle of person-centered care?

A

All team members are considered caregivers.

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24
Q

What is another guiding principle of person-centered care?

A

Care is customized to patient needs and values.

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25
List one belief of the International Association of Human Caring.
Caring is the essence of nursing.
26
What are the three dimensions of self-concept?
Self-knowledge, self-expectation, self-evaluation.
27
List Coopersmith’s four bases of self-esteem.
Significance, competence, virtue, power.
28
What are the three major self-evaluation feelings?
Pride, guilt, shame.
29
What is developmental stress?
Stress occurring during normal growth and development stages.
30
What is situational stress?
Stress that occurs unpredictably, such as illness or job change.
31
What is the purpose of an initial comprehensive assessment?
To establish a complete database for problem identification and care planning.
32
What is a focused assessment?
An assessment targeting a specific problem or body system.
33
What is an emergency assessment?
A rapid assessment to identify life-threatening problems.
34
What is a time-lapsed assessment?
An assessment comparing current status to baseline data.
35
What is a purposeful assessment?
An assessment with a specific goal or reason behind data collection.
36
What is meant by 'complete' data?
Data that includes all essential patient information.
37
What is meant by 'relevant' data?
Data that directly relates to the patient’s health concerns.
38
What is the preparatory phase of a nursing interview?
The phase where the nurse reviews information and prepares the environment.
39
What occurs during the introduction phase of a nursing interview?
The nurse introduces themselves and explains the purpose of the interview.
40
What occurs during the working phase of a nursing interview?
The nurse gathers assessment data through questions and observations.
41
What occurs during the termination phase of a nursing interview?
The nurse summarizes information and clarifies next steps.
42
What is one way to validate data?
Using clarifying statements to confirm accuracy.
43
What is another method of validating data?
Comparing cues to knowledge of normal function.
44
What is a cue?
A piece of data that indicates a potential health problem.
45
What is an inference?
A judgment or interpretation based on cues.
46
What is one cause of inaccurate data collection?
Recording interpretations instead of observed behaviors.
47
What is another cause of inaccurate data collection?
Failure to establish rapport with the patient.
48
What is the purpose of documenting assessment data?
To ensure information is accessible, accurate, and retrievable.
49
What is the definition of personal identity?
A person's sense of individuality and uniqueness.
50
What is body image?
A person's perception of their physical self.
51
What is role performance?
How a person fulfills expected social roles.
52
What is self-esteem?
A person's overall sense of self-worth.
53
What is the first stage in development of self?
Self-awareness in infancy.
54
At what age does self-recognition occur?
Around 18 months.
55
At what age does self-definition occur?
Around 3 years.
56
At what age does self-concept form?
Around 6–7 years.
57
What is the most common emotional response to stress?
Anxiety.
58
What is mild anxiety?
A state that increases alertness and enhances learning.
59
What is severe anxiety?
A state that impairs functioning and narrows focus.
60
What is panic-level anxiety?
A state of dread and loss of control.
61
What is moderate anxiety?
A state where the patient’s focus narrows but learning can still occur with support.
62
What is the mind–body interaction?
The concept that emotional stress can produce physical symptoms.
63
What is a coping mechanism?
A behavior used to decrease stress and anxiety.
64
List one example of a coping mechanism.
Crying, laughing, sleeping, or cursing.
65
List another example of a coping mechanism.
Physical activity or exercise.
66
What is withdrawal behavior?
A task-oriented reaction where a person retreats from the stressor.
67
What is attack behavior?
A reaction where a person attempts to overcome a stressor through aggression or assertiveness.
68
What is compromise behavior?
A reaction where a person negotiates or adjusts to reduce stress.
69
Define compensation (defense mechanism).
Overcoming a perceived weakness by emphasizing a strength.
70
Define denial.
Refusing to acknowledge a disturbing condition.
71
Define displacement.
Transferring emotional reactions from one object to another.
72
Define projection.
Attributing one’s own thoughts or impulses to someone else.
73
Define rationalization.
Justifying behaviors with socially acceptable explanations.
74
Define regression.
Returning to earlier behaviors from a previous developmental stage.
75
Define repression.
Involuntarily pushing unacceptable thoughts out of awareness.
76
Define sublimation.
Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behavior.
77
Define undoing.
Using an act or communication to negate a previous act.
78
What are general tasks in adaptation to illness?
Maintaining self-esteem and personal relationships.
79
What are illness-related tasks?
Managing pain, disability, and treatment demands.
80
What is developmental stress?
Stress that occurs as a person progresses through growth stages.
81
List one stressful activity in nursing.
Assuming responsibilities for which one is not prepared.
82
List another stressful activity in nursing.
Working with unqualified personnel.
83
List a third stressful activity in nursing.
Caring for a patient in cardiac arrest or a dying patient.
84
What is anticipatory guidance?
Preparing a person for what to expect in a stressful event.
85
What is guided imagery?
Using mental visualization to reduce stress.
86
What is biofeedback?
Using electronic monitoring to gain control over physiological responses.
87
What is crisis intervention?
A short-term helping process focused on immediate problem-solving.
88
What is the first step of crisis intervention?
Identify the problem.
89
What is the final step of crisis intervention?
Evaluate the outcome.
90
What is the goal of teaching healthy activities of daily living?
To help patients reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
91
List one healthy ADL that reduces stress.
Exercise.
92
List another healthy ADL that reduces stress.
Rest and sleep.
93
List a third healthy ADL that reduces stress.
Good nutrition.
94
What is the purpose of using support systems?
To provide emotional and practical assistance during stress.
95
What is relaxation training?
A technique that reduces muscle tension and stress responses.
96
What is meditation?
A mental exercise that focuses attention to promote calmness.
97
What is the purpose of evaluating the care plan related to stress?
To determine whether the patient’s anxiety has decreased and coping has improved.
98
What is one expected outcome in stress management?
The patient verbalizes causes and effects of stress.
99
What is another expected outcome in stress management?
The patient identifies and uses sources of support.
100
What is a third expected outcome in stress management?
The patient practices healthy lifestyle habits.
101
What is psychological homeostasis?
Emotional balance achieved through meeting love, belonging, safety, and self-esteem needs.
102
What is physiologic homeostasis?
The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions.
103
What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
A three-stage response to stress.
luke NURS 220
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