Exam 2

Question 1

Polygyny

Answer 1

• one male mates with several females
• because defending breeding sites or females
• leks: places where males gather to display and attract mates

Question 2

Polyandry

Answer 2

• one female mates with several males

- among species where females change sex and when males that brood young cannot care for eggs

Question 3

Promiscuity

Answer 3

• males and females mate indiscriminately
• ancestral mating system
• species that come together in large mating aggregations
• ex. Herrings

Question 4

4 types of Mating Systems

Answer 4

1) monogamy
2) polygyny
3) polyandry
4) promiscuity

Question 5

Viviparity

Answer 5

• live birth
• eggs fertilized internally
• large fish
• ex. Sharks
• poeciliids embryos have vascularized pericardial tissue
• ex. Swordtail

Question 6

Types of Guarders

Answer 6

1) substrate choosers
2) nest spawners
3) froth nesters
4) bearers

Question 7

Substrate choosers

Answer 7

• type of guarder
• do not build nest, choose a place to lay eggs
• ex. Salt creek pupfish

Question 8

Nest spawners

Answer 8

-type of guarder

-

Question 9

Froth nesters

Answer 9

• type of guarder
• “bubble nesters”
• construct bubble nest with oral secretion (saliva)
• found in fish that live in oxygen depleted waters
• ex. Dwarf gourami

Question 10

Bearers

Answer 10

• type of guarder
• embryo and young are carried by adult fish
• brood pouches in males to carry eggs
• ex. Seahorse

Question 11

Pregnant Males

Answer 11

• type of bearer
• in sea horses and pipefish, the female inserts her ovipositor into a brood pouch of the male and releases the eggs. The male fertilizes it.
• pregnancy lasts for 2-3 weeks
• eggs stay in pouch until hatch
• ex. Weedy sea dragon

Question 12

Mouth Brooders

Answer 12

• eggs are carried in mouths of adult fish

- ex. Catfish, bony tongues, cichlids, cardinal fishes

Question 13

Internal Bearers

Answer 13

• similar to pouch brooders, but fertilization is internal and females always carry young
• ex. Sharks, rays
• two types: facultative and obligate

Question 14

Facultative Internal Bearer

Answer 14

• occurs in oviparous (egg laying) killifishes

- females retain eggs

Question 15

Obligate Internal Bearer

Answer 15

• oviparity (live birth)
• Allen embryos are retained by the female
• source of food is egg yolk
• ex. Sharks, rock fishes, ray

Question 16

Monogamy

Answer 16

• One male and one female mate exclusively
• feeding and breeding territories are small
• low encounter rate of opposite sex
• ex. Tropical cichlids