1
Q
Han Chinese
A
largest Chinese nationality
2
Q
Qin
A
7-stringed zither
- vibrato
- portmento
- harmonics
3
Q
Pipa
A
4-stringed lute
4
Q
Wen
A
- civic
- soft, nuance, subtelty
5
Q
Wu
A
- militaristic
- loud strumming, virtuosic
6
Q
Jiangnan sizhu
A
style of traditional Chinese instrumental music from the Jiangnan region
7
Q
Sheng
jingju theater
A
Male
8
Q
Dan
jingju theater
A
Female
9
Q
Jing
jingju theater
A
Painted face
10
Q
Chou
jingju theater
A
Comic male
11
Q
Wenchang
A
melodic ensemble
- civic
12
Q
Wuchang
A
percussion ensemble
- militaristic
- character entrances/exits
- sound effects
13
Q
Confucianism
A
system of philosophical & ethical teachings
Confucius sought for peace & stability & hierarchy
14
Q
Qing Dynasty
A
1644 - 1911/12
15
Q
Republic of China
A
1912 - 1949
16
Q
Kuomintang
A
Nationalist party
17
Q
People’s Republic of China
A
1949 - present
18
Q
Cultural Revolution
A
1966-1976
- support art that supported communism
- suppressing art/cultural practices/jobs
- banned a lot of Western-influenced music/movies as well as traditional Chinese music/Jingju theater
19
Q
Marxism
A
Marxists believe that the transition from capitalism to socialism is an inevitable part of the development of human society
20
Q
Songs for the masses
A
Chinese communist political songs
- designed for everyone to sings along
- Cultural Revolution
21
Q
Underground rock music
A
- cassettes helped it spread
- Cui Jian
22
Q
Shanghai popular song
A
- produced since the late 20s
- hybrid of various Western & Chinese musical genres
- lyrics in Mandarin
23
Q
Rake ‘n’ Scrape
A
- Bahamas
- old carpenter’s saw
- accordion
- goombey drum
- quadrille dancing
- Cat Island
- Festival
- Ancient Man
24
Q
Transnational connections (Localism & Transnationalism)
A
meanings & sounds similar to other kinds of Caribbean music
- Festival
25
Diaspora
- the sum total of people who identify w/ a particular homeland, but live elsewhere
- social group is removed from its homeland & scattered around the world
26
Colonialism
long lasting influences
27
Syncretism
- the process of combining distinct cultural practices to create new cultural practices
- reflected in all styles of Caribbean music
28
Clave
- ostinato
- instrument (2 short pieces of wood)
- rhythmic system
29
Conga
- large barrel-shaped drum
| - invented in Cuba
30
Bongo
- 2 smaller drums
- invented in Cuba
- Santería
- Afro-Cuban religious cult (incorporated some elements of Christianity
31
Calypso
- Trinidad and Tobago
- steel pan
- Carnival (last big celebration before Lent)
- social/political commentary
- playful competition
- picong (light comical banter) /extempo (lyrically
improvised form of Calypso)
32
Rumba
Spanish and African elements; originates in Cuba
- Carnival
- ------------------------------
- clave
- conga
- shaker
- syncopation
- palitos (Puerto Rican instrument: 2 wooden sticks)
- interlocking w/ conga
33
Danzón
- mid 19th century
- much more European sound
- hyper-sexualized
- ------------------------------
- violins
- flute
- piano
- timbales (percussion)
34
Son
- combination of both Rumba & Danzón
- ------------------------------
- string instruments
- guitar, bass, tres (guitar-like instrument of Cuba)
- percussion
- bongo, clave, maracas
- marímbula (plucked musical box)
35
Canto/Montuno
- the two main sections of the rumba
- narrative and call and response with chorus/percussion, respectively
- The second section cues the start of the male/female dance and the improve occurs
36
Rhythmic patterns & cultural connections
aka Clave
SOME EXAMPLES:
- Tresillo (1,4,7)
- Cinquillo
- Habanera
- Son clave
37
Discourse
the sum total of ideas, connotations, and vocabulary that a social group associates w/ a person, place, or thing.
- like its reputation
- neither true or false
- certain individuals & institutions have more power than others to shape discourses become more prevalent, and thus more powerful, than others
38
Middle East history
3rd - 7th c. CE - Byzantine & Persian Empires
8th ~ 13th c. - Islamic Empire (musicians travelled freely)
1574 - Ottoman Empire
29th c. - European Colonialism
- 20th c - Independence Movements
39
Middle Eastern Languages
Algeria, Egypt, Iraq - Arabic
Iran - Farsi
Turkey - Turkish
Afghanistan - Dari & Pashto
40
Middle Eastern Sound
- monophonic texture
- emphasis on solo vocal performance
- value on improvisation
- ornamentation
41
Takht Ensemble
- representative musical ensemble, the orchestra, of Middle Eastern music
42
Middle Eastern Instruments
- qanun (pluked zither)
* **- oud (lute/mandolin)***
- nāy (flute-like)
- darbūka & doumbek (goblet-shaped drums)
- riqq (tambourine-like)
43
Music & Religion
- Qur'anic recitation (Tajwid)
| - trancers are understood as possessing a special ability to communicate w/ the divine and are held in particular esteem
44
Music & Spirit Possession
- used to induce a healing trance that remedies psychological and physiological symptoms associated w/ afflictions by spirits
- produce trance to alleviate the sufferings of the spirits
- patient temp. gives up his body to the spirit so that the spirit can enjoy the sound of the song
- bringing back into balance the relationship btwn the world of humans and a population of unseen beings that coexist w/in it
45
Melodic Modes
named musical scales that have conventions for how the pitches are used in performance; may be associated w/ particular moods or extramusical associations
- Rast: dignity, pride; religious songs; most common
46
Rhythmic Modes
- named rhythmic patterns played in repeated cycles
- defined by their relationship btwn low & high drum strokes
- not every piece will have one
47
Maqam
melodic mode in Eastern Arab world
48
Dastgah
melodic mode in Persia/Iran
49
Umm Kulthum & Tarab
- very popular Egyptian singer
| - heightened state of emotion or musical enchantment associated to listening to traditional Arab music
50
Sufism
mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God
51
Amazigh/Berber
one of the two social groups in Morocco
52
Jama el Fna
Square in Morocco
53
Instruments of Morocco
- rribab - bowed instrument
- derbuga/darabukka - goblet drum
- bango-mandolin
54
Arab Spring
revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East
