1
Q
The role of the forearm movement is to?
A
Help the shoulder in controlling the force and placement of the hand in space.
2
Q
To allow the free manipulation of the hand the bulk of the forearm musculature is located?
A
PROXIMALLY with long tendinous insertions on the distal bony structures.
3
Q
From a functional perspective the forearm includes?
A
The distal humerus
4
Q
The structures of the forearm are divided into?
A
Anterior and posterior compartment
5
Q
Flexors and pronators are located in the _____ compartment supplied by the ____ nerve.
A
- Anterior compartment
- Supplied by the median nerve.
6
Q
What are the structures that divide the compartments in the forearm?
A
- Antebrachial fascia
- interosseous membrane
- lateral intermusclular septa
7
Q
An exception in the posterior compartment would be?
A
Brachioradialis is a forearm flexor located in the posterior compartment and supplied by the radial nerve.
8
Q
______ is a forearm flexor located in the posterior compartment and supplied by the _____ nerve.
A
- Brachioradialis
- Radial nerve
9
Q
Extensors and ____ are located in the posterior compartment and all supplied by the _____ nerve.
A
- Extensors and supinators
- Radial nerve (some form)
10
Q
Identify 1 and 2
A
11
Q
Another name for flexor retinaculum
A
transverse carpal ligament
12
Q
The tendons of most flexors pass across the anterior surfaced of the wrist and are held in place by what?
A
- Palmar carpal ligament
- flexor retinaculum ( transverse carpal ligament)
13
Q
What are the 3 groups of flexor muscles?
A
- Superficial layer
- intermediate layer
- deep group
14
Q
What flexor (pronator) muscles are included in the superficial layer?
A
- Pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- brachioradialis
15
Q
All flexors are attached by the _________ tendon to the ________ epicondyle
A
- Common flexor tendon
- medial epicondyle
16
Q
Pronator teres origin- superficial layer
A
- Humeral head- from the medial supracondylar ridge common flexor tendon
- ulnar head- from the medial side of the coronoid process
17
Q
What layer is pronator teres?
A
Superficial layer
18
Q
Regarding pronator teres: where does the humeral head come from?
A
The medial supracondylar ridge - common flexor tendon
19
Q
Regarding pronator teres: where does the ulnar head come from?
A
From the medial side of the coronoid process
20
Q
How many heads does pronator teres have?
A
Two- humeral head and ulnar head
21
Q
What is the insertion of pronator teres
A
midway on lateral surface of the radius
22
Q
What is midway on the lateral surface of the radius?
A
Insertion of pronator teres
23
Q
Innervation of pronator teres
A
median nerve
24
Q
What nerve are all flexors innervated by?
A
Median nerve
25
What is the action of the pronator teres?
* Rotates the radius on the ulna
* helps flex the forearm
* used for quick powerful pronation
26
Name this muscle: origin/ flexor
* humeral head- from the medial supracondylar ridge common flexor tendon
* ulnar head- from the medial side of the coronoid process
pronator teres
27
Name this muscle- insertion: flexor
midway on lateral surface of the radius
Pronator teres
28
All flexors are innervated by this nerve.
Median nerve
29
What is this muscle: action/ flexor
* rotates the radius on the ulna
* Helps flex the forearm
* used for quick powerful pronation
Pronator teres
30
The pronator teres is synergistic with what other mucles?
Pronator quadratus
31
Which flexors originate from JUST the medial epicondyle?
1. Flexi carpi radialis
2. Palmaris longus
32
Origin of flexor carpi radialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus
33
What is insertion of flexor carpi radialis?
Insertion is base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
34
Innervation of flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve
35
Action of flexor carpi radialis
* Flexes the hand at the wrist
* ABducts the hand at the wrist
* weakly flexes the forearm
ask RUPP
36
The radial artery pulse may be palpated just lateral to the tendon of this muscle.
Flexor carpi radialis
37
This muscle is inserted on the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones.
Flexor carpi radialis
38
This muscle flexes the hand at the wrist and abducts the wrist
Flexor carpi radialis
39
Origin of palmaris longus
medial epicondyle of the humerus
40
Insertion of palmaris longus
anterior aspect of the distal flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis- across trapezium and hamate- over the top of carpal tunnel
41
Innervation of palmaris longus
Median nerve
42
Action of palmaris longus
* Flexes the hand at the wrist
* tightens aponeurosis
* absent in 10% of people
* In animals this muscle operates the claws.
43
This muscle is absent in 10% of the population
Palmaris longus
44
In animals this muscle operates the claws
Palmaris longus
45
This muscle lies in between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
46
What are the superficial muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
* Pronator teres
* flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus
* flexor carpi ulnaris
* brachioradialis (exception)
47
Origin of flexor carpi ulnaris
* Humeral head- from the medial epicondyle
* ulnar head- from the medial margin of the olecranon and posterior border of ulna
48
Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris
inserts into the pisiform bone and extension to the hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal base
49
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve (not median)
50
This nerve runs on the deep side of flexor ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus.
Ulnar nerve
51
Action of flexor carpi ulnaris
* Flexes wrist
* adducts wrist
52
This nerve runs between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
The ulnar nerve
53
These flexors weakly flex the forearm
* Flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus
* flexor digitorum superificialis
54
Flexor Muscles that ABduct the wrist
Flexor carpi radialis
55
Muscles that ADducts the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris
56
Superficial Muscles that flex the hand at the wrist
* Flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus
* flexor carpi ulnaris
57
The muscles that flex the hand at the wrist are deep or superficial muscles?
Superficial
58
Muscles that flex the wrist
* Flexor carpi ulnaris
* flexor digitorum superficialis
* flexor digitorum profundus
* flexor pollicis longus
59
The deep muscles that flex the wrist
* Flexor digitorum profundus
* flexor pollicis longus
60
Superficial muscles that flex the wrist
flexor carpi ulnaris
61
Intermediate muscles the flex the wrist
flexor digitorum superficialis
62
Pronator muscles of the forearm are?
* Pronator teres
* pronator quadratus
63
Which muscle can entrap the ulnar nerve causing cubital tunnel syndrome?
The ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris
64
Pain and numbness is caused by this “syndrome”
Cubital tunnel syndrome
65
Explain cubital tunnel syndrome
The ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris entraps the ulnar nerve causing pain and numbness in the pinky and half of 4th digit
66
This muscle is an “exception” to the forearm flexor muscles.
Brachioradialis
67
Why is brachioradialis an exception to the forearm muscles?
The muscle violates the rules
- it is located / origin in the posterior comparment
- it is innervated by the radial nerve
- it is a flexor of the forearm
68
This muscle originates from the proximal 2/3rds of the lateral supracondylar ridge
Brachioradialis
69
Brachioradialis insertion
Styloid process of radius
70
Innervation of brachioradialis
radial nerve
71
Action of brachioradialis
Flexes the forearm
72
This muscle does not cross the wrist therfore it does NOT flex the wrist.
Brachioradialis
73
This muscle ONLY flexes the forearm.
Brachioradialis
74
Origin of flexor digitorum superficialis
* Humeral head- medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coranoid process of ulna
* radial head- superior half of anterior radius
75
Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis
Middle phalanx of digits 2-5
76
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis is?
Median nerve
77
* This muscle flexes proximal interphalangeal joint PIP and
* contributes to flexion of all joints it crosses- including flexes MP and flexes wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis
78
All of these muscles have a proximal attachment on the medial epicondyle of humerus
* Flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus
* humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris
* part of humeral head of flexor digitorum superficialis
79
Which muscle flexors flex the forearm "weakly" ?
* Flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus
* flexor digitorum superficialis
* flexor carpi ulnaris
79
At the bases of the proximal phalanges each tendon splits to allow the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_to pass through to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Both sets of tendons share a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* Profunda tendon
* distal phalanx
* common synovial sheath
80
What group is flexor digitorum profundus from?
Deep group
81
Origin of flexor digitorum profundus
* Proximal 3/4 of medial ulna
* interosseous membrane
82
Insertion of flexor digitorum profundus
Distal phalanx of digits 2-5
83
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
* Medial 1/2- ulnar nerve
* lateral 1/2- median nerve (AIN) anterior interosseous
84
Action for flexor digitorum profundus
* Flexes distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
* contributes to flexion of all joints it crosses
* flexes PIP
* flexes MP
* flexes wrist
85
Flexor digitorum profundus (does or does not) cross the elbow joint?
It does NOT cross the elbow joint
86
What group is flexor pollicis longus in?
Deep group
87
Origin of flexor pollicis longus
* Anterior aspect of radius
* interosseous membrane
88
Insertion of flexor pollicis longus
Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
89
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve- (anterior interosseous)
90
Action of flexor pollicis longus
* Flexes IP joint
* flexes MP joint
* flexes wrist
91
Pronator quadratus is a part of which group of extensor muscles?
Deep
92
Origin of pronator quadratus
Distal 1/4 of medial anterior surface of ulna
93
Insertion of pronator quadratus
Distal 1/4 of lateral anterior surface of radius
94
Innervation of pronator quadratus
Median nerve (anterior interosseous)
95
Action of pronator quadratus
* Pronates the hand- assisted by pronator teres when POWER AND SPEED are needed.
96
The long flexors of the digits also flex ______ and _______ joints.
Metacarpophalangeal and dwrist joints
97
Flexor digitorum profundus flexes the fingers (fast or slow)
Slow
98
Which muscle is recruited when speed and flexion against resistance are needed?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
99
* Wrist flexion decreases the power generated by the ______ and ______ but grip strength is increase with the wrist in ______ position.
* FDS and FDP
* neutral position
100
Which flexor flexes the middle phalanges?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
101
Which flexor flexes the distal phalanges?
Flexor digitorum profundus
102
Which pronator is the PRIME PRONATOR?
Pronator quadratus is prime pronator
103
What muscle assists pronator quadratus?
Pronator teres when speed and power are needed.
104
Which muscle holds the radius and ulna together?
Pronator quadratus
105
Identifiy
106
The posterior compartment is innervated by the _______ nerve or branches.
Radial nerve
107
The extensors can be seperated into 3 functional groups; what are these groups?
* Muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist
* muscles that extend the medial four digits
* muscles that extend or abduct the thumb
108
Muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist are?
* Extensor carpi radialis longus
* extensor carpi radialis brevis
* extensor carpi ulnaris
109
Muscles that extend the medial four digits are?
* Extensor digitorum
* extensor indicis
* extensor digiti minimi
110
Muscles that extend or abduct the thumb are?
* Abductor pollicis longus
* extensor pollicis brevis
* extensor pollicis longus
111
Another way to catagarize the extensor muscles if by _______ and _____ groups
Superficial and deep groups
112
The superficial group of extensors includes?
* Brachioradialis
* extensor carpi radialis longus
* extensor carpi radialis brevis
* extensor carpi ulnaris
* extensor digitorum
* extensor digiti minimi
113
Both of these extensor muscles attach to the lateral supraepicondylar ridge of the humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum.
Brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
114
All these extensor muscles have attachments to the common extensor tendon to the lateral epicondyle
* Extensor carpi radilais brevis
* extensor carpi ulnaris
* extensor digitorum
* extensor digiti minimi
115
Located deep to the superficial extensors- are what muscles?
* Abductor pollicis longus
* extensor pollicis brevis
* extensor pollicis longus
* extensor indicis
* supinator
116
Outcropping extensor muscles are?
* Abductor pollicis longus
* extensor pollicis brevis
* extensor pollicis longus
* extensor indicis
117
Muscles involved in snuff box borders are?
Abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
118
Identify all
119
Identify all
120
Identify all
121
Identify all
122
Which muscle is the exception of the forearm muscles?
Brachioradialis
123
Origin of brachioradialis
Proximal 2/3rd of the lateral supracondylar ridge
124
Insertion of brachioradialis
Styloid process of radius
125
Innervation of brachioradialis is?
Radial nerve
126
What is the action of brachioradialis?
Flexes the forearm
127
Why is brachioradialis considered an "exception" muscle?
Because it violates the rules- technically it is located in posterior compartment- it is innervated by the radial nerve- BUT it is a flexor of the forearm.
128
Is extensor carpi radialis longus a deep or superficial layer?
Superficial layer
129
What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
130
What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Base of 2nd metacarpal bone
131
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis?
Radial nerve
132
Action of extensor carpi radialis longus
* Extends the hand at the wrist
* abducts hand at wrist
133
Extensor carpi radialis brevis is deep or superficial?
Superficial
134
Origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
135
Insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Base of 3rd metacarpal bone
136
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis
* Deep branch of the radial- sometimes radial prior to bifucation
137
Action of extensor carpi radialis brevis
* Extends hand at wrist
* abducts hand at wrist
138
Extensor _____________ occasionally arises from a common belly with its longer partner called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* Extensor carpi radialis brevis
* extensor carpi radialis longus
139
Extensor carpi ulnaris is superficial or deep?
Superficial
140
Origin of extensor carpi ulnaris
* Lateral epicondyle of humerus
* posterior border of the ulna
141
Insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
142
Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris
Posterior interosseous branch (branch of radial)
143
Action of extensor carpi ulnaris
* Extends hand at wrist
* adducts hand at wrist
144
These muscles are synergistic with finger flexors because they keep the wrist extended to allow increased grip strength
* Extensor carpi ulnaris
* extensor carpi radialis longus
145
Extensor digitorum is a deep or superficial?
Superficial
146
Origin of extensor digitorum
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
147
Insertion of extensor digitorum
Extensor expansions of medial 4 digits
148
Innervation of extensor digitorum
Posterior interosseous branch (branch of radial nerve)
149
Action of extensor digitorum
* Extension at the- DIP- PIP- MCP
* wrist extension when fingers are extended
150
Extensor digiti minimi is a deep or superficial muscle
Superficial
151
Origin of extensor digiti minimi
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
152
Insertion of extensor digit minimi
Extensor expansions of the 5th digit
153
Innervation of extensor digiti minimi
Posterior interosseous branch (branch of the radial)
154
Action of extensor digiti minimi
Extends digit 5
155
The four tendons of the extensor digitorum pass ______ to the extensor retinaculum on to the medial four digits.
Under extensor retinaculum (deep)
156
As the extensor tendons pass over the dorsum of the wrist they are covered with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The tendons of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_join these tendons
* Synovial sheaths
* index and 5th digit extensors
157
\_\_\_\_\_ connection at the MCP joints restricts independent extension of the digits, except index and 5th
Oblique intertendinous connection
158
Tendons of the _______ extensor tendons form extensor expansions on the distal metacarpals.
2-5 extensor tendons
159
The 4 tendons of the ____________ join the fascial expansion called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* Extensor digitorum
* extensor expansion
160
Near the ______ the extensor expansion splits into ____ parts- they are?
* PIP
* 3 parts
* central part/ two lateral parts
161
Regarding extensor expansion- central part \>....
Inserts into the base of the middle phalanx
162
Regarding the extensor expansions: two lateral parts do what?
They converge to be inserted into the base of the distal phalanx
163
The tendon to the index finger is joined on the ______ side by the tendon of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* On the medial side
* extensor indicis
164
The tendon to the little finers is joined on its ____ side by the two tendons of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* Medial side
* extensor digiti minimi
165
Abductor pollicis longus is a superficial or deep muscle
Deep
166
Abductor pollicis longus origin
* Posterior aspect of ulna, radius and posterior interosseous membrane
167
Insertion of abductor pollicis longus
Base of 1st metacarpal
168
Innervation of abductor pollicis longus
Posterior interosseous branch (branch of radial)
169
Abductor pollicis longus action
* Abducts digit 1
* extends digit 1
170
Extensor pollicis brevis is a deep or superficial muscle?
Deep
171
Origin of extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior aspect of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
172
Extensor pollicis brevis insertion
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
173
Extensor pollicis brevis innervation
Posterior interosseous branch (branch of radial)
174
Extensor pollicis brevis action
* Extends proximal phalanx at MCP joint
* can extend 1st metacarpal at the carpometacarpal joint
* forms the lateral boundary of the snuff box
175
Extensor pollicis longus is deep or superficial?
Deep
176
Origin of extensor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
177
Insertion of extensor pollicis longus
Base of the distal phalanx of thumb
178
Innervation of extensor pollicis longus
Posterior interosseous branch ( radial branch)
179
Action of extensor pollicis longus
* Extends distal phalanx at MCP (metacarpal phalangeal joint and PIP (proximal interphalangeal joint)
* contributes to thumb abduction
* forms medial boundary of the snuff box
180
Extensor indicis is deep or superficial
Deep
181
Origin of extensor indicis
Posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane
182
Extensor indicis insertion
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
183
Extensor indicis innervation
Posterior interosseous branch (branch of radial)
184
Extensor indicis action
* Extends all the joints of the index finger
* Assists in wrist extension
* allows independent index finger action
185
Identify all involved in the snuff box
186
Supinator is a deep or superficial muscle?
Deep
187
Origin of supinator
* Lateral epicondyle of humerus
* supinator fossa and crest of ulna
188
Insertion of supinator
Radius- lateral to radial tuberosity
189
Innervation of supinator
Deep branch of radial nerve- it becomes post interosseous nerve when it comes out of supinator
190
Supinator action
* Rotates the radius to supinate the forearm and hand
* supinates regardless of flexion/extension position
191
The strongest supinator is?
Biceps is stronger than all of them
192
These supinators all work together to supinate the arm
Supinator- pronator teres- pronator quadratus
193
This muscle wraps around the radius as it is twisting.
Supinator
194
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, _______ and ______ are equal in strength but because the strongest supinator is the ______ supination is much more powerful than pronation.
* Supinator
* pronator quadratus
* pronator teres
* Biceps
195
Right/left handed person can drive the screw in better. Explain
* Right handed
* clockwise rotation using the right hand involves supination which employs the biceps which is most powerful
196
Identify
197
Identify
198
Identify
199
The main arteries of the FOREARM are the ______ and _____ arteries which are terminal branches of the _______ artery.
* Radial
* ulnar
* brachial
200
The brachial artery bifurcates at ________ of the (bone) in the inferior portion of the _______ (structure)
* At the neck
* radius
* cubital fossa
201
The _______ is a DIRECT CONTINUATION of the ______ artery and larger than the ______ branch
* Ulnar artery
* brachial artery
* radial branch
202
The brachial artery enters the cubital fossa _____ (direction) to the ______ nerve.
* Lateral
* median nerve
203
The brachial artery enters the cubital fossa lateral to median nerve and beneath the ______ (structure) and anterior to the ______ (muscle)
* Bicipital aponeurosis
* biceps tendon
204
The _____ artery is a continuation of the brachial artery. It travels over the _____ (muscle) and under _____ ( muscle)
* Ulnar
* supinator
* brachioradialis
205
The radial artery runs ______ (direction) over the _____ (muscle) and runs beneath the ______ (muscle)
* Laterally
* supinator
* brachioradialis
206
The __________ branch forms part of the peri-articular anastomotic system.
Radial recurrent
207
The smaller terminal branch of the brachial artery is the \_\_\_\_\_\_
Radial artery
208
The radial artery runs beneath and lateral to the ______ (muscle) medial to the ______ (muscle) tendon and on top of the \_\_\_\_\_, (muscle) distal to _______ (muscle) and ____ (muscle) goes around the lateral aspect of the ____ (bone) to pass through the anatomic \_\_\_\_\_. (Structure)
* Brachioradialis
* flexor carpi radialis tendon
* supinator
* pronator teres
* flexor digitorum superficialis
* radius
* snuff box
209
Regarding the radial artery: the radial recurrent branch arises from the ______ side of the _____ artery just distal to the bifurcation of the _____ artery, ascends between the _____ and ______ muscles to meet the ______ branch and the ______ artery.
* Lateral side
* radial artery
* brachial artery
* brachialis and brachioradialis muscles
* radial collateral branch
* profuna brachii artery
210
So AS not to get them MIXED UP- the radial nerve is a _____ compartment structure and the radial artery is an ______ comparment structure.
* Posterior compartment
* anterior compartment
211
The posterior interosseous artery which comes from the _______ supplies the _____ compartment in the forearm.
* Common interoseous
* posterior compartment
212
The common interosseous trunk is a branch of the ________ artery
Ulnar artery
213
The common interosseous trunk forms ?
* Anterior interosseous artery
* posterior interosseous artery
214
The anterior interosseous passes anterior to the interosseous membrane between what two flexor muscles?
* Flexor digitorum profundus
* flexor pollicis longus
215
Regarding the anterior interosseous arteries: when it reaches ______ (muscle) it pierces the membrane to enter the ______ compartment and joins the _______ of the hand.
* Pronator quadratus
* posterior compartment
* dorsal carpal arch
216
The posterior interosseous artery passes ______ (direction) to the interosseous membrane giving off the _______ artery then runs between the ______ and ______ extensor muscles.
* Posterior
* recurrent interosseous artery
* deep and superficial extensor muscles
217
Regarding the interosseous arteries: the recurrent interosseous artery passes ______ to the _______ joint to meet anastomose with the _______ branch of the ________ artery.
* Superiorly
* radioulnar joint
* middle collateral branch
* profunda brachii artery
218
Regarding the collateral circulation around the elbow: superior ulnar collateral which comes from _______ meets with\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which comes from \_\_\_\_\_
* Brachial
* Posterior ulnar recurrent
* ulnar artery
219
Regarding collateral circulation around elbow: the posterior ulnar recurrent comes from ______ and meets with _______ which comes from \_\_\_\_\_
* Ulnar artery
* Superior ulnar collateral
* brachial artery
220
Regarding the collateral circulation around the elbow: the inferior ulnar collateral which comes from \_\_\_\_\_\_meets with\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which comes from \_\_\_\_\_
* Brachial artery
* Anterior ulnar recurrent
* ulnar artery
221
Regarding the collateral circulation around the elbow: the anterior ulnar recurrent which comes from \_\_\_\_\_\_meets with\_\_\_\_\_\_ which comes from \_\_\_\_\_\_
* Ulnar artery
* Inferior ulnar collateral
* brachial artery
222
Regarding the collateral circulation around the elbow: middle collateral which comes from _______ artery which is a deep branch of the \_\_\_\_\_\_meets with ______ which comes from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* Profundi brachi
* brachial artery
* Interosseous recurrent
* posterior interosseous artery
223
Regarding the collateral circulation around the elbow: the recurrent interosseous meets with which comes off of the ________ artery
* Middle collateral
* profundi brachi artery
224
Regarding the collateral circulation around the elbow: the radial collateral which comes from ______ which is a deep branch of the \_\_\_\_\_\_meets with ______ which comes from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* Profundi brachi
* brachial artery
* radial recurrent
* radial artery
225
Regarding the collateral circulation around the elbow: the radial recurrent which comes from _______ meets with _____ which comes from _____ which is a deep branch of the ______ artery.
* The radial artery
* radial collateral
* profundi brachi
* brachial artery
226
What are the superficial veins?
* Cephalic
* basilic
* median cubital
227
The superficial veins do/do not run with arteries of the same name?
DO NOT
228
Deep veins do/do not run with arteries of the same name?
DO
229
These nerves are sensory nerves of the forearm?
* Medial antebrachial cutaneous
* lateral cutaneous
* posterior cutaneous
230
These sensory nerves of the forearm are branches off the _____ of the brachial plexus and provide sensory innervation to the forearm.
Cords
231
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve comes from the _____ cord- pierces the ____ fascia to run with the ____ vein and runs subcutaneously on the ______ (side) to the wrist.
* Medial cord
* brachial fascia
* Basilic vein
* medial forearm
232
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm is a distal extension of the _______ branch. Emerges _____ to the biceps on the _____ (muscle) and initially runs with the _____ vein and descends on the ______ forearm to the wrist.
* Musculocutaneous branch
* lateral
* brachioradialis
* cephalic vein
* lateral
233
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm branches off the _____ nerve and descends in the _____ canal, perforates the _____ to run subcutaneously on the _____ side of the arm to the forearm and wrist.
* Radial nerve
* radial canal
* lateral head of the triceps
* lateral side
234
Identify #1 and #2
1. Musculocutaneous
2. radial nerve- deep and superficial
235
Identify #3 and #4
3- median
4- recurrent motor to thenar
236
Identify 5 and 6
5- palmar digital
6- superficial branch of ulnar
237
Identify 7, 8 and 9
7- median nerve
8- ulnar nerve
9- radial nerve
238
Identify 1, 2 and 7
1- lateral cutaneous nerve- musculocutaneous
2- cephalic vein
7- anterior and posterior branches of the medial cutaneous nerve
239
The median nerve comes from roots?
* C6
* c7
* c8 and
* t1
240
The median nerve enters the cubital fossa medial to the ________ artery, exits between the heads of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, descends between _______ and _______ beneath the ______ tendon and _______ to the carpal tunnel.
* Brachial artery
* pronator teres
* flexor digitorum superficialis
* flexor digitorum profundis
* palmaris longus tendon
* flexor retinaculum
241
The median nerve sends branches to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, _________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
* Pronator teres
* flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus
* flexor digitorum superficialis
242
The median nerve supplies the \_\_\_\_\_\_, _____ and ______ flexors except 1/2 ______ which is innervated by AIN (ulnar)
* Superficial
* intermediate
* deep flexors
* flexor digitorum profundus
243
What are the branches of the median nerve?
* Anterior interosseous nerve
* median nerve
* palmar cutaneous
244
The median nerve gives off the AIN in the distal part of the \_\_\_\_\_\_. It emerges from beneath the _____ and runs on the __________ membrane with the ______ artery between ______ and _____ and then innervated the \_\_\_\_\_.
* Cubital fossa
* pronator teres
* anterior interosseous membrane
* anterior interosseous artery
* flexor digitorum profundus
* flexor pollicus longus
* pronator quadratus
245
The median nerve enters the ________ radial to the _______ tendons abutting the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* Carpal tunnerl
* flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
* transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum)
246
The palmar cutaneous branch emerges at the ______ forearm close to the \_\_\_\_\_\_- it crosses the retinaculum to the skin of the \_\_\_\_\_.
* Mid-distal forearm
* flexor retinaculum
* central palm
247
The median nerve supplies?
* Pronator teres
* flexor digitorum superficialis
* flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus
248
The AIN which is a branch of the median nerve supplies?
* Flexor pollicus longus
* 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus (digits 2 and 3)
* pronator quadratus
249
Pronator teres innervated by?
Median nerve
250
Flexor carpi radialis innervated by?
Median nerve
251
Palmaris longus innervated by?
Median nerve
252
Flexore digitorum superficialis innervated by?
Median nerve
253
Flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by ? Down to digits ?
* AIN branch of the median nerve
* digits 2 and 3
254
Flexor pollicisis longus is innervated by?
AIN branch of median nerve
255
Pronator quadratus is innervated by?
AIN branch of median nerve
256
The thenar muscles are innervated by?
Recurrent branch of median nerve
257
Lumbricals 1 (finger 2) and lumbricals 2 (finger 3) are innervated by?
Recurrent branch to the thenar muscles- branch of the median nerve
258
The ulnar nerve enters the forearm between these two heads ______ and ______ of the ______ which originates from the ______ epicondyle.
* Humeral and ulnar heads
* flexor carpi ulnaris
* medial epicondyle
259
The ulnar nerve descends between ____ and _____ and becomes superficial in the distal forearm with the ______ artery.
* Flexor carpi ulnaris
* flexor digitorum profundus
* ulnar artery
260
The ulnar nerve proceeds on the surface of the ______ ligament lateral to the _____ and medial to the ______ in _____ canal then splits into a ____ and _____ branch.
* Transverse carpal ligament
* pisiform
* hook of hamate
* guyons canal
* deep and superficial branch
261
The ulnar supplies ____ in the forearm to the _____ (muscle) and ulnar innervates 1/2 of the _______ which supplies digits \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. It supplies the _____ muscles of the hand.
* Motor
* flexor carpi ulnaris
* 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
* digits 4 and 5
* intrinsic muscles
262
Ulnar nerve supplies the _____ muscles and superficial \_\_\_\_\_.
* Deep muscles
* superficial sensation
263
Branches of the ulnar nerve include?
* Dorsal cutaneous
* palmar cutaneous
* communicating branches between the ulnar and median
264
The dorsal cutaneous branch forms in the _____ of the forearm between the ____ and the \_\_\_\_\_, enters the subcutaneous tissue on the _____ of the hand medial to the axis of the ____ digit.
* Distal 1/2 of the forearm
* ulna
* flexor carpi ulnaris
* Dorsum of the hand
* 4th digit
265
The palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve forms in the ______ anterior to the ____ artery and perforates the deep fascia in the distal forearm to enter the ______ tissue medial to the _____ digit.
* Mid-forearm
* ulnar artery
* Subcutaneous palmer
* 4th digit
266
Regarding the ulnar nerve- there are _______ branches between the ____ and ____ nerves as they pass through the forearm.
* Communicating branches
* ulnar and median
267
Forearm muscles innervated by ulnar nerve include?
* Flexor carpi ulnaris
* flexor digitorum profundus- digits 3 and 4
268
Palm muscles innervated by ulnar nerve.
* Hypothenar muscles
* adductor pollicis muscles
* flexor pollicis brevis
269
Muscles in the fingers that are innervated by the ulnar nerve include?
* Palmar interosseous
* dorsal interosseous
* 3 and 4 lumbricals
270
Digiti minimi muscles that are innervated by ulnar nerve.
* Abductor digiti minimi
* opponens digiti minimi
* flexor digiti minimi
271
The radial nerve enters the cubital fossa between the _______ and the ____ muscles, anterior to the ______ epicondyle it divides into the ____ and ____ branches.
* Brachioradialis
* brachialis muscle
* lateral epicondyle
* deep and superficial branches
272
The superficial branches of the radial nerve are _____ and start in the cubital fossa and runs between the _____ and ______ . It branches over the _____ to supply the skin on the dorsum of the hand to the middle of the 4th finger.
* Sensory
* Pronator teres
* brachioradialis
* snuff box
273
The deep branch of the radial nerve wraps around the ______ (bone) neck to pierce and supply the _____ (muscle). When exiting the _____ its name changes to ____ and runs with the posterior interosseous artery between deep and superficial extensors.
* Radial neck
* supinator
* supinator distal
* PIN- posterior interossesous nerve
274
The deep branch of the radial nerve pierces the ______ and exits at the ____ border where it changes its name to \_\_\_\_\_.
* Supinator
* distal
* PIN
275
PIN a branch of the ______ nerve gives motor supply to the \_\_\_\_\_, _____ and _____ .
* Radial nerve
* brachiradialis
* extensor carpi radialis longus
* extensor carpi radialis brevis
276
Explain PIN palsy
PIN becomes compressed where is passes through the supinator muscles in the proximal forearm. This effects finger extension and wrist estension. Patients have pain and tenderness in the proximal forearm during activity. NUMBNESS SHOULD NOT BE PRESENT!!!
277
This grip of the hand involves long flexor muscles acting at the interphalangeal joint, the intrisic muscles of the palm acting at the MC joints and the extensors of the wrist acting at the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints.
The power grip
278
This grip of the hand consumes less energy involving the use of just the long finger flexors.
The hook grip
279
This grip of the hand involves:
* change in the position of the handled object and requires fine control of the thumb and fingers.
* The wrist and fingers are held firmly by long flexors and extensors while intrinsic muscles perform fine movements of the digits. (Writing)
The precision handling grip
280
This position of the hand is automatically assumed by an "inactive" hand.
The position of rest
281
The fascia of the palm is continuous with the _____ fascia and the _____ fascia of the hand.
* Antebrachial fascia
* dorsal fascia
282
The fascia of the hand is thin over the ____ and _____ eminences but thick _____ which is called _______ and also thick in the fingers where it forms the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
* Thenar eminence
* hypothenar eminence
* thick centrally
* palmar aponeurosis
* digital sheath
283
This structure is a strong well defined deep fascial structure of the hand
Palmar aponeurosis
284
The palmar aponeurosis does what?
* Covers the soft tissue of the palm
* overlies long flexor tendons
* continuous with the flexor retinaculum and palmaris longus tendon
285
This structure of the hand form 4 longitudinal bands as it radioates distally to the bases of the proximal phalanges and is continuous with the digital sheaths.
Palmar aponeurosis
286
Regarding the hand: this structure is a ligmentous tube that encloses synovial sheaths of both the deep and superficial flexor tendons and the flexor pollicis longus tendon.
Fibrous digital sheaths
287
Regarding the hand: the ____ are composed of five _____ and four _____ parts.
* Sheaths
* five annular
* four cruciform
288
What structures form the mechanically complex structures of the hand?
Insertions of the forearm and intrinsic hand muscle tendons
289
Is this flexor or extensor?
Flexor
290
Is this extensor or flexor?
Extensor
291
Regarding the hand: this tough septum extends from the medial border of the palmar aponeurosis to the 5th metacarpal.
Medial fibrous septum
292
Medial to the medial fibrous septum is what compartment of the hand?
Hypothenar compartment
293
The hypothenar compartment contain what kind of muscles?
Hypothenar muscles
294
The lateral fibrous septum extends from the _____ border of the _____ to the ____ metacarpal.
* Lateral border
* aponeurosis
* 3rd metacarpal
295
Lateral to the lateral fibrous septum is what compartment of the hand?
Thenar compartment
296
This compartment exists between the medial and lateral compartments and contains the flexor tendons and their sheaths, the lumbricals, the superficial palmar arterial arch and digital arteries and nerves.
Central compartment
297
This compartment of the hand exists between the medial and lateral comparment.
The central compartment
298
The central compartment contains the ______ tendons and their _____ , the _______ (muscles) and the _______ (arteries) and ______ (arteries- nerves)
* Flexor tendons
* sheaths
* lumbricals
* superficial palmar arterial arch
* digital arteries and nerves
299
This compartment of the hand is located deep to the thenar space superficial to the interosseous muscles, it contains the adductor pollicis.
Adductor compartment
300
The adductor compartment is located deep to the _____ space and superficial to the _____ muscles, it also contains the ______ (muscle)
* Thenar space
* interosseous muscles
* adductor pollicis
301
This compartment of the hand contains interosseous muscles.
Interosseous compartment
302
What seperates the thenar and midpalmar space?
Seperated by the septa from the edges of the palmar aponeurosis to the metacarpals.
303
The midpalmar space is continuous with the ______ compartment of the forearm via the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. They function as a \_\_\_\_\_.
* Anterior compartment
* carpal tunnel
* bursa
304
Dupuytrens fasciitis and contracture includes-
* Disease of palmar fascia
* progressive thickening and contraction of fibrous bands
* fasciitis-inflammation of the fascia
* thickensj up to 0.5 cm and shrinks which produces the tightness
* 4th and 5th digits
* middle ages person- sometimes in the 20's
* runs in families
* 7X more likely in men
* associated with diabetes- alcholism- cirrhosis
* associated with epilipsy- anticonvulsant drugs
* cause is unknown
305
Identify the colored circled
Thenar eminence
306
307
What are the thenar muscles?
* Abductor pollicis brevis
* flexor pollicis brevis
* opponens pollicis
308
Origin- insertion- innervation and action of abductor pollicis brevis
Origin- scaphoid bone- trapezium
insertion- base of proximal phalanx, digit 1- lateral side
innervation- recurrent branch of median nerve
action- abducts thumb at carpal metacarpal and metcarpal phalange joints
309
Origin, insertion, innervation, action of flexor pollicis brevis
Origin- superficial head from flexor retinaculum and trapezium/ deep head from the floor of the carpal tunnel- over traezoid and capitate
insertion- base of proximal phalanx, digit 1 - lateral side
innervation- recurrent branch of median nerve- superficial head/ deep branch of ulnar- deep head
action- flexes digit 1 at MCP joint
310
Origin- insertion- innervation and action of opponens pollicis
Origin- trapezium
insertion- lateral side of 1st metacarpal
innervation- recurrent branch of median nerve
action- opposes digit 1- pulls and rotates (medial rotation) 1st metacarpal across the palm
311
List the hypothenar eminence muscles-
* Abductor digiti minimi
* flexor digiti minimi
* opponens digiti minimi
312
Origin- insertion- innervation- action of abductor digiti minimi
* Origin- pisiform bone
* insertion- proximal phalanx of digit 5- medial side
* innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve
* action- abduct digit 5
313
Origin- insertion- innervation- action - flexor digiti minimi
* Origin- hook of hamate
* insertion- proximal phalanx of digit 5 - medial side
* innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve
* action- flexes digit 5 at MCP
314
This flexor is not normally found in humans- it is a rare anatomical variation.
Flexor digiti minimi longus
315
Origin- insertion- innervation - action of opponens digiti minimi
* Origin- hook of hamate
* insertion- body of 5th metacarpal- palmar surface
* innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve
* action- opposes digit 5- abducts, flexes and laterally rotates the 5th metacarpal, cupping the hand.
316
Lumbrical 1 and 2 are ______ (shape) - lumbrical 1 attaches to finger ____ and lumbrical 2 attaches to finger \_\_\_\_\_.
* Unipennate
* finger 2
* finger 3
317
Lumbricals 3 and 4 are _____ (shape) lumbrical 3 is attached to finger ____ and lumbrical 4 is attached to finger \_\_\_\_
* Bipennate
* finger 4
* finger 5
318
The main radioulnar ligament is the ______ it serves to transmit forces.
Interosseous membrane
319
The interosseous membrane transmit force from the ____ through the _____ to the _____ then to the \_\_\_\_.
* Hand
* radius
* ulna
* humerus
320
Lumbricals 1 and 2- origin- insertion- innervatin- action
* Origin- lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
* insertion- attach to the lateral sides of the extensor expansion of digits 2 and 3
* innervation- lateral two (digits 2 and 3) - median nerve (which comes through the carpal tunnel
* action- flexes MCP joints- extends the IP joints
321
Lumbricals 3 and 4 origin- insertion- innervation- action
* Origin- medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
* insertion- attach to the lateral sides of the extensor expansion of digits 4 and 5
* innervation- medial two (digits 4 and 5) - deep branch of ulnar nerve
* action- flexes MCP joints/ extends the IP joints
322
Origin- insertion- innervation- action adductor pollicis
* Origin- oblique head- metacarpal 2 and 3 and capitate/ transverse head- metacarpal 3
* insertion- sesamoid bone on medial side of MCP/ proximal phalanx of digit 1
* innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve
* action- adduct digit 1
323
The only thenar muscle innervated completely by the ulnar nerve is?
Adductor pollicis
324
Origin- insertion- innervation- action - dorsal interosseous
* Origin- adjacent two metacarpals/ all four are bipennate
* insertion- proximal phalanx/ extensor expansion
* innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve
* action- abducts digits away from digit 3
325
These muscles fill the space between the metacarpal bones- they are also monitored indicators of muscle wasting due to ulnar nerve damage
Dorsal interosseous
326
The 1st and 5th digits lack these because they have their own abductors.
Dorsal interosseous muscles
327
Origin- insertion- innervation- action of palmar interosseous
* Origin- arise from palmar surface of metacarpals 2, 4 and 5/ all three are unipennate
* insertion- extensor expansion at bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2,4 and 5
* innervation- deep branch of ulnar nerve
* action- adducts digits towards digit 3
328
The ______ is the inerosseous of the 1st metacarpal
Flexor pollicis brevis
329
Other names for extensor expansions are?
* Dorsal expansion
* dorsal hood
330
The aponeuroses of extensor muscles span the ____ and _____ phalanges
Proximal and middle phalanges
331
At the distal end of the metacarpal the extensor tendon will expand to form a ____ which covers the back and sides of the head of the MC and Proximal phalanx.
Hood
332
What structures insert on these bands (extensor expansions) ?
* Lumbricals,
* extensor indicis
* dorsal interossei
* palmer interossei
333
The ___ and ___ nerves supply all the muscles of the hand
Median and ulnar
334
The radial nerve supplies _____ but does have a _____ distribution in the hand.
* No muscles in the hand
* sensory distrubution
335
What goes through the carpal tunnel?
* Median nerve
* 9 tendons- flexor digitorum superficialis/ flexor digitorum profundus/ flexor pollicis longus
336
Where is the carpal tunnel located?
* Deep to the flexor retinaculum- between the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezoid bones and the pisiform and hamate hook.
337
Regarding the median nerve: recurrent motor branches branch off to supply the _____ muscles in the hand.
Thenar muscles
338
Regarding median nerve in the hand: direct branches of the median nerve supply the _____ of digits ____ and \_\_\_\_
Lumbricals of digit 2 and 3
339
The palmar cutaneous branch separates prior to the _____ and passes over the flexor _____ to supply the midpalmar surface.
* Carpal tunnel
* flexor retinaculum
340
Regarding the median nerve: the sensory branches supply the _____ of digits ____ and lateral half of the ____ and the dorsum of the distal half of digits \_\_\_\_.
* Palmar surfaces
* digits 1-3
* 4th
* digits 1-4
341
The ulnar nerve runs beneath the ______ and enters the wrist through the ______ canal.
* Flexor carpi ulnaris
* ulnar canal
342
Regarding the ulnar nerve of the hand: it is bound to the anterior surface of the _____ and passes lateral to the ____ (bone) and medial to the _____ (bone)
* Flexor retinaculum
* pisiform
* hook of hamate
343
Regarding ulnar nerve: the dorsal cutaneous supplies the medial half of the dorsum of the hand and the _____ finger and medial half of the _____ digit.
* 5th finger
* 4th digit
344
Regarding the ulnar nerve in the hand: the dorsal cutaneous branch supplies the _____ half of the dorsum of the hand and all of the _____ finger and the medial half of the _____ digit.
* Medial half
* entire 5th finger
* 4th digit
345
Regarding the ulnar nerve in the hand: the palmar cutaineous branch supplies the ______ eminance.
Hypothenar
346
Regarding the ulnar nerve of the hand: the superficial branch supplies the anterior surface of the ______ digits.
4th and 5th digits
347
The deep branch of the ulnar in the hand supplies the _____ muscles, the _____ and the _____ of the 4th and 5th digits along with the \_\_\_\_\_\_, and deep head of ______ this also supplies the local joints.
* Hypothenar
* interosseous
* lumbricals of the 4th and 5th digits
* adductor pollicis
* flexor pollicis brevis
348
This nerve in the hand is the nerve of fine finger movement.
Ulnar nerve
349
Identify which nerve supplies the area
350
Regarding the radial nerve of the hand: the superficial branch pierces the fascia and supplies the skin over the _________ of the hand, the ______ and the proximal lateral 1.5 digits.
* Lateral 2/3rd of the dorsum
* Thumb
351
Identify the dermatomes
352
What is the primary and intial complaint of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Parasthesias- compression of snesory and mixed peripheral nerves
353
What time of the day is CTS the worse? And what is it relieved by?
* It is worse in the evening and movement helps relieve
354
What happens to your grip when you have CTS?
It is decreased- so dropping things is common
355
What muscle compartment in the hand is visible when you have CTS?
Thenar wasting indication of chronic compression
356
What diseases or conditions is CTS associated with?
* Hypothyroidism
* osterarthritis
* diabetes
* wrist trauma
* pregnancy
* hypothroidism
* acromegaly
* tumors- lipoma, ganglinon cyst, synovial cyst
*
357
What "relationship" is suggested but not proven when it relates to CTS?
Relationship to repetitive motion.
358
Describe symptoms of CTS- immediate and future symptoms include?
* Irritative- inflammation- pain paresthesias (immediate)
* numbness/ anesthesia/ weakness/ atrophy (ablative symptoms)
359
The symptoms of CTS or the result of compression of the _____ nerve as it passes through the _____ and ______ tunnel. It effects the LOAF muscles- which are?
* Median
* wrist
* carpal tunnel
* the loaf muscles are: lumbricals- opponens pollicis- abductor pollicis brevis- flexor pollicis brevis
360
Lumbircals _____ and ____ are affected _____ in the course of CTS
* 1 and 2
* very late
361
Opponens pollicis is affected ______ in cTS
* Very late
362
Abductor pollicis brevis loss results in _____ and ____ causing thinning of the lateral thenar bulk- (in CTS)
* Weakness and atrophy
363
Flexor pollicis brevis is dually innervated by both the ____ and ____ nerves. Therfore compression of only the ____ nerve does not cause symptoms due to the _____ contribution.
* Median and ulnar
* median
* ulnar
364
What is guyons canal syndrome?
Syndrome is caused by entrapment of the ulnar nerve in the guyon canal as it passes through the wrist.
365
Regarding gyons canal syndrome GCS: lesions in zone 1 cause?
Both motor and sensory symptoms
366
Regarding GCS: lesions in zone 2 cause ?
Motor deficits
367
Regarding GCS lesions in zone 3 create ?
Sensory deficits
368
Regarding handlbar palsy- drop down handlebar held in lower position can cause compression with which nerve?
Ulnar nerve compression
369
Regarding handlebar palsy: drop down handlbar held in upper position is compression on ? Nerve?
Median nerve compression
370
Where can compressin of the upper extremity vasculature guarnatee diminshed blood flow to the hand?
Brachail artery in cubital fossa
371
Primary raynauds
Symptoms occur only by themselves not by other disease- hereditary- or allergic to the cold
372
Secondary raynauds
Secondary to other diseases that maybe cause it-
373
Joints of the pectoral girdle are?
* Sternoclavicular joint
* acromiioclavicular joint
* glenohumeral joint
374
Sternoclavicular joint is what type of joint? What are the ligaments that are included?
* It is a synovial joint
* interclavicular ligament
* costoclavicular ligaments
375
Costoclavicular ligaments anchor the proximal clavicle to?
The 1st rib costal cartilage
376
Sternoclavicular joint abducts at _____ degrees and move in AP range at ____ degress.
* 60 degrees
* 30 degrees
377
Sternoclavicular joint innervated by?
Nerve to subclavius
378
What type of joint is acromioclavicular joint?
Plane type of synovial joint
379
This ligament strengthens the superior joint capsule and connects bony ends in the acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular ligament
380
Coracoclavicular ligament runs from the _____ to the _____ and consists of two parts: the _____ and ____ ligaments.
* Coracoid process
* clavicle
* trapezoid ligament- conoid ligament- verticle and horizontal fibers
381
This ligament prevents the ACROMION from being driven beneath the clavicle
Coracoclavicular ligament
382
This ligament serves to suspend upper extremity from the clavicle
Coracoclavicular ligament
383
Coracoclavicular ligament is considered an _______ which provide the most strength to the joint.
Extrinsic ligament- not attached to the joint
384
This ligament anchors the acromion to the coracoid process.
Coracoacromial ligaments
385
The coraacromial ligaments are innervated by?
* Lateral cutaneous branch of the suprclavicular nerve,
* axillary
* lateral pectoral nerve
386
What type of joint is glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket- synovial joint
387
This joint is the most mobil and unstable joint in the body
Glenohumeral joint
388
The glenohumeral joint has a fibrocarilaginous cavity called the \_\_\_\_\_\_. The joint surface is lined by ______ and 1/2 of the head is accommodated by the \_\_\_\_\_\_
* Glenoid labrum
* hylane cartilage
* glenoid fossa
389
The ligaments associated with the glenohumeral joint are?
* Glenohumeral
* coracohumeral
* transverse humeral
* coracoacromial
390
The glenohumeral has _____ and stregthen ____ joint
3 bands- anterior joint
391
Coracohumeral ligament is located?
Across the top of the glenohumeral joint
392
The transverse humeral covers the ______ groove and keeps the _____ in the \_\_\_\_\_.
Intertubercular groove- head- groove
393
\_\_\_\_\_\_ contraction or intrinsic tone of the _______ muscles help to keep the \_\_\_\_\_\_head in the fossa.
* Tonic contraction
* rotator cuff
* glenoid head
394
These ligaments are formed by the folds of fibrous bands radiating from the labrum inferiorly and laterally- they strengthen the anterior capsule
Glenohumeral ligaments
395
This ligament runs from the base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle it strengthens the capsule superioly
Coracohumeral ligament
396
This ligament runs from the greater to the lesser tubercle and creates a canal for the long head of the biceps
Transverse humeral ligament
397
The acromion and coracoacromial ligament and coracoid process form the?
Coracoacromial arch
398
This construct is so strong that the humerus or clavicle fractures before this structure fails.
Coracoacromial arch
Extremities
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