0
Q
In most tissue beds, blood flow is regulated in proportion to which of the following?
a. arterial blood pressure
b. cardiac output
c. local metabolism
d. mean circulatory filling pressure
A
local metabolism
1
Q
Consider the resistance in the following tissue beds: coronary = .40 mmHg/ml/min brain = .13 mmHg/ml/min liver = .08 mmHg/ml/min kidneys = .10 mmHg/ml/min What is the total peripheral resistance? a. greater than .71 b. between .08 and .4 c. less than .08 d. undeterminable
A
less than .08
2
Q
resistance in the following tissue beds: coronary = .40 mmHg/ml/min brain = .13 mmHg/ml/min liver = .08 mmHg/ml/min kidneys = .10 mmHg/ml/min which tissue bed would have the greatest flow? a. coronary b. brain c. liver d. kidneys
A
Liver
3
Q
In the following vessels the flow rate is identical, which vessel is offering the greatest resistance to flow?
a. P1=50 - P2 =25
b. P1=70 - P2=60
c. P1=80 - P2=65
A
a. P1=50 - P2 =25
4
Q
A broad band Doppler reading is indicative of what type of flow?
a. laminar
b. turbulent
c. intermittent
d. flow has ceased
A
Turbulent
5
Q
A narrow band Doppler reading is indicative of what type of flow?
a. laminar
b. turbulent
c. intermittent
d. flow has ceased
A
Laminar
6
Q
If a vessel with a length of 100 cm has a cross sectional area of .5 cm2 , and velocity of flow of 10 cm/sec. The pressure drop across that length is 10 mmHg. What is the flow in that vessel? a. 10 ml/min b. 20 ml/min c. 100 ml/min d. 200 ml/min e. 300 ml/min
A
e. 300 ml/min
7
Q
The vascular compartment with the greatest total cross sectional area and lowest velocity is which of the following?
a. aorta
b. large arteries
c. capillaries
d. large veins
A
Capillaries
8
Q
The vascular compartment with the smallest total cross sectional
area and highest velocity is which of the following?
a. aorta
b. large arteries
c. capillaries
d. large veins
A
Aorta
9
Q
Which of the following is not characteristic of parallel circuitry?
a. independence of flow control
b. maximizes total peripheral resistance
c. maximizes oxygen delivery to tissues
d. decreases work load on the heart
A
b. maximizes total peripheral resistance
10
Q
- A small change in volume producing a large change in pressure is characteristic of which vascular compartment?
a. systemic arteries
b. systemic veins
c. microcirculation
d. all of the above
A
a. systemic arteries
11
Q
- Acetylcholine binding to the vascular endothelium has what effect?
a. vasodilatation by causing nitric oxide release
b. vasodilatation by causing adenosine release
c. vasoconstriction by triggering muscle spasm
d. vasoconstriction by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system
A
vasodilatation by causing nitric oxide release
12
Q
- What is the effect of sympathetic nervous stimulation on most vascular smooth muscle?
a. vasodilatation mediated by alpha receptors
b. vasodilatation mediated by beta receptors
c. vasoconstriction mediated by alpha receptors
d. vasoconstriction mediated by beta receptors
A
c. vasoconstriction mediated by alpha receptors
13
Q
- During widespread sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which tissue bed wouldshow the least increase in vascular resistance?
a. stomach
b. kidney
c. lung
d. liver
A
Lung
14
Q
- As a tissue becomes more active, how is blood flow to that tissue increased?
a. tissue releases local vasodilators
b. reflex increase in systemic blood pressure
c. sympathetic induced local vasodilatation
d. parasympathetic induced local vasodilatation
A
tissue releases local vasodilators
15
Q
- At a given mean circulatory filling pressure what happens to venous return as centralvenous pressure increases?
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stays constant
A
Decreases
16
Q
- If cardiac output is stopped, arterial pressure will be expected to fall until it equalswhich of the following?
a. critical closing pressure
b. mean circulatory filling pressure
c. pulse pressure
d. central venous pressure
A
a. critical closing pressure
17
Q
- In a healthy young adult comment about tissue flow during diastole?
a. it ceases
b. maintained by recoil of the arteries
c. maintained by release of local vasodilators
d. maintained by parasympathetic vasodilatation
A
b. maintained by recoil of the arteries
18
Q
- If blood flow to a tissue doubles from 200 ml/min to 400 ml/min, and the AV O2
difference falls from .05 ml O2/ml to .025 ml O2/ml. Comment on the increase in flow.
a. it is a functional increase in flow
b. it is due to an increase in tissue metabolism
c. It is likely due to shunting
d. it is due to the release of local vasodilators
A
c. It is likely due to shunting
19
Q
- What increases the plasma colloid osmotic effect by about 50%?
a. positive charges on protein attracting and holding negative ions like chloride
b. negative changes on protein attracting and holding positive ions like sodium
c. the large quantity of fibrinogen that is converted to fibrin
d. the natural charge attraction of sodium and cloride
A
b. negative changes on protein attracting and holding positive ions like sodium
20
Q
- What effect does decreasing velocity have on blood viscosity?
a. increases
b. decreases
c. no effect
A
Increases
21
Q
- How does fibrinogen decrease blood viscosity?
a. causes local vasodilation
b. by thinning out plasma
c. makes RBC’s more flexible
d. reduces the number of RBC’s
A
makes RBC’s more flexible
22
Q
- The chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs could be expected to inhibit which of the following processes?
a. local vasodilatation
b. angiogenesis
c. glomerular filtration
d. hydraulic filtering
A
Angiogenesis
23
Q
Filtration involves which 2?
average capillary hydrostatic P = 17 mmHg
average capillary colloid osmotic P = 28 mmHg
average interstitial hydrostatic P = -2 mmHg
average interstitial colloid osmotic P = 9 mmHg
A
Hydrostatic
24
Reabsorption involves which 2?
average capillary hydrostatic P = 17 mmHg
average capillary colloid osmotic P = 28 mmHg
average interstitial hydrostatic P = -2 mmHg
average interstitial colloid osmotic P = 9 mmHg
Colloid osmotics
25
Which brainstem area is tonically active and is associated with a tonic SNS outflow?
a. neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
b. neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
c. neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
d. neurons posteromedially in the medulla
neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
26
Which brainstem area is considered a depressor center?
a. neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
b. neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
c. neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
d. neurons posteromedially in the medulla
neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
27
Which brainstem area is associated with baroreception?
a. neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
b. neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
c. neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
d. neurons posteromedially in the medulla
neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
28
Which of the following substance is associated with local vasodilatation?
a. norepinephrine
b. angiotensin II
c. antidiurectic hormone
d. adenosine
adenosine
29
Which of the following substance is associated with local vasoconstriction?
a. norepinephrine
b. angiotensin II
c. antidiurectic hormone
d. adenosine
a. norepinephrine
b. angiotensin II
c. antidiurectic hormone
30
What high resistance microvessels control local blood flow by intergrating multipleinput which determine lumen diameter?
a. arterioles
b. capillaries
c. venules
d. large arteries
arterioles
31
Which (2) of the following may act at the level of the CNS in the development of hypotension?
a. acetylcholine
b. norepinephrine
c. adenosine
d. nitric oxide
e. serotonin
d. nitric oxide
| e. serotonin
32
31. In the kidney, how does SNS stimulation, increase angiotensin formation?
a. by stimulation of the JG cells to release angiotensin
b. by stimulation of the JG cells to release renin
c. by stimulation of the vasa recti to release vasopressin
d. by stimulation of the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
by stimulation of the JG cells to release renin
33
32. In response to a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure, which of the following changes would be counterproductive in offsetting that fall?
a. increase in SNS stimulation
b. increase in renin release
c. increase in vasopressin release
d. increase in ANP release
increase in ANP release
34
33. In the face of rising arterial blood pressure, which of the following responses wouldautoregulate both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration?
a. constriction of the afferent arterioles
b. constriction of the efferent arterioles
c. dilation of the afferent arterioles
d. dilation of the efferent arterioles
a. constriction of the afferent arterioles
35
34. What effect does stimulation of baroreceptors, have on sympathetic outflow?
a. increases
b. decreases
c. no effect
Decreases
36
35. During systole, what is happening to baroreceptor activity?
a. increasing
b. decreasing
c. stays constant
Increasing
37
35. During diastole, what is happening to baroreceptor activity?
a. increasing
b. decreasing
c. stays constant
Decreasing
38
36. In the fetus, the ductus arteriosis shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta returning primarily from what vessel?
a. inferior vena cava
b. superior vena cava
c. azygous veins
d. umbilical veins
Superior vena cava
39
37. What is the function of the ductus venosus in the fetus?
a. shunt blood from the pulmonary artery into the aorta
b. shunt blood from the right atrium into the left atrium
c. shunt blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava
d. shunt blood away from the lungs
c. shunt blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava
40
38. In which of the following tissue beds does sympathetic nervous system stimulation cause a metabolically induced local increase in blood flow?
a. heart
b. active skeletal muscle
c. GI tract
d. brain
Heart
41
39. During exercise, which of the following normally decreases?
a. heart rate
b. active muscle blood flow
c. diastolic blood pressure
d. VO2
VO2
42
40. During exercise most of the increase in cardiac output is due to which of thefollowing?
a. increase in heart rate
b. increase in stroke volume
c. decrease in central venous pressure
d. increase in ventilation
Increase in heart rate
43
During exercise most of the improvement in cardiac output is due to which of thefollowing?
a. increase in heart rate
b. increase in stroke volume
c. decrease in central venous pressure
d. increase in ventilation
increase in stroke volume
44
9. A large change in volume producing a small change in pressure is characteristic of which vascular compartment?
a. systemic arteries
b. systemic veins
c. microcirculation
d. all of the above
Systemic veins
Cvp Other
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