Thanatochemistry > Exam 2 Material > Flashcards

Exam 2 Material Flashcards

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0
Q

____ are group 7 elements (salt formers) such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine.

A

Halogens

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1
Q

____ contains no elements, and is the most abundant in the universe

A

Hydrogen

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2
Q

___ is used as a bleaching agent and has good disinfecting qualities

A

Chlorine

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3
Q

_____ is the most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere

A

Nitrogen

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4
Q

_____ is most abundant on the surface of the earth

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

____ is the most abundant compound on the surface of the earth

A

Water

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6
Q

The presence of calcium and magnesium salts results is the ____ of water

A

Hardness

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7
Q

The hardness of water that can be removed by boiling is known as ____

A

Temporary hardness

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8
Q

Hardness of water that can not be removed by boiling is known as _____

A

Permanent Hardness

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9
Q

Compounds in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize are known as ____

A

Hydrates

“Hydration”

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10
Q

____ a chemical reaction between a salt and water which produces an acid and base of unequal strength OR the splitting or tearing apart of compounds by the addition of water

salt + water <- acid + base

A

Hydrolysis

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11
Q

The removal or absence of water from a substance is dehydration or ____.

A

Desiccation

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12
Q

The disassociation of a substance or solution into ions is ____.

A

Ionization

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13
Q

A positively charged atom or group of atoms is a ____

A

Cation

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14
Q

A negatively charged atom or group of atoms is a _____

A

Anion

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15
Q

____ is the percentage of hydrogen ion in solution; tested with litmus paper either red or blue in color. The end color of any acidic solution is red and the end color of any alkaline or basic solution is blue

A

pH

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16
Q

The chemical reaction between an acid and a base that will always form from a salt and a water is _____.

EX: Ammonia and Formaldehyde (CH20) react to form urotropin (salt formed in the neutralization of ammonia) and water

A

Neutralization

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17
Q

Hcl -> NaOH -> Nacl + H20 is the most common formula for ____

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

A

Neutrilization

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18
Q

_____ are the compounds formed, other than water in a chemical reaction in acids and bases

A

Salts

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19
Q

____’s definition of an ____ “yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in aquesous solutions”

A

Arrhenius

Acids

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20
Q

____’s definition of ____ donates a pronton

A

Bronsted-Lowry

Acids

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21
Q

____’s definition of ____ accepts a pair of electrons

A

Lewis

Acids

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22
Q

____’s definition of ____ yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions

A

Arrhenius

Bases

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23
Q

____’s definition of ____ donates a pair of electrons

A

Lewis

Bases

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24
____'s definition of ____ accepts a proton
Bronsted Lowry Bases
25
The lesser amount in solution is known as the ____
Solute
26
The greater amount in solution is known as ____
Solvent
27
____ solutions (crystalloids) are homogeneous mixtures of tow or more substances.
True
28
A(n) ____ solution is one which contains water
Aqueous
29
A ____ solution is one that contains alcohol
Tincture
30
A solid solution known as a(n) ____ is a metallic substance composed of two or more metallic substances
Alloy
31
The component of a solution that is present in greatest quantity is called the ____
Solvent
32
Solutions which contain relatively low concentration of solute are called ____ solutions
Dilute
33
Solutions which contain relatively high concentration of solute are called ____ solutions
Concentrated
34
The component of a solution that is dissolved is called the ____
Solute
35
The substance of a solution which does the dissolving is the ____
Solvent
36
Relative to embalming fluids, a synonym for the solvent of water would be called the ____
Vehicle
37
The amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent at saturation describes ____
Saturation Point
38
Any solution that contains the maximum amount of solute which it is capable of dissolving at STP is a ____ solution
Saturated
39
Any solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute which it is capable of dissolving at STP is a(n) ____ solution
Unsaturated
40
Any solution that contains more solute than it is capable of dissolving is a ____ solution
Supersaturated
41
When formaldehyde gas is dissolved in water the resulting solution is called ____
Formalin
42
% (percentage), 1:10 (ratio), and PPM (parts per million) are all ____ in concentrations of solutions
Methods
43
The number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas in 100 milliliters of solutions defines ____
Index
44
The diffusion of fluids thru membranes or porous partitions describes ____
Osmosis
45
Two (same) solutions of equal concentrations are called ____
Isotonic
46
____ means more of the solute
Hypertonic
47
____ means less of solute
Hypotonic
48
In addition to true solutions , other solution like systems are ____ and ____ which differ primarily in ____
Emulsions Suspensions Particle Size
49
Edematous remains would require to a more ____ solution in order to withdraw moisture with from the body tissue
Hypertonic
50
Shrinking cells is also called _____
Crenation
51
Dehydrated bodies should be injected with a ____ solution to build up cells.
Hypotonic
52
Blood plasma, egg white solutions, or mayonnaise are examples of ____
Emulsions
53
Milk of magnesia is an example of _____
Suspensions
54
____ is the sum of all atomic weights of all atoms making up a compound
Molecular Weight
55
Molecular oxygen is ____
O2
56
Ozone oxygen is ____
O3
57
Odorless colorless and tasteless gas are the ____ of oxygen
Physical Properties
58
Oxygen combines with most elements to produce compounds called _____
Oxides
59
A rapid oxidations in which heat and light are produced and is usually accompanied flame... Oxygen supports _____
Combustion
60
Slow oxidation which will result in explosion is the definition of _____
Spontaneous Combustion
61
____ acts like an oxidation agent
Oxygen
62
____ "LEO"addition of oxygen to a substance, and the removal of hydrogen from a substance increases the oxidation number of an atom, and is the loss of electrons in a reaction
Oxidation
63
____ "GER's" loss or removal of oxygen from a substance, gain of hydrogen to a substance, decrease in the oxidation number of an atom, gain of electrons during reaction
Reduction
64
The oxidizing agent is ____.
Reduced
65
The reducing agent is ____
Oxidized
66
Whatever is oxidized ____
Loses
67
Whatever is reduced ____
Gains
68
NH4 +1
Ammonium
69
HCO3 -1
Bicarbonate
70
OH -1
Hydroxide
71
NO3 -1
Nitrate
72
NO2 -1
Nitrite
73
CO3 -2
Carbonate
74
SO4 -2
Sulfate
75
PO4 -3
Phosphate
76
CN -1
Cyanide
77
OCL -1
Hypochlorite
78
Ammonium has a charge of
+1
79
Bicarbonate has a charge of
-1
80
Hydroxide has a charge of
-1
81
Nitrate has a charge of
-1
82
Nitrite has a charge of
-1
83
Carbonate has a charge of
-2
84
Sulfate has a charge of
-2
85
Phosphorus has a charge of
-3
86
Cyanide has a charge of
-1
87
Hypochlorite has a charge of
-1
Thanatochemistry
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